Abstract: Increase in yields of alkyl hydroperoxides from corresponding olefins by reacting the olefin with an inorganic peroxide in the presence of an acid catalyst, the acid concentration being adjusted to an optimum range which is generally about 15-30% by total weight of the reactive ingredients. Where the olefin contains over 7 carbon atoms, peroxide-compatible surfactants are included in the reaction mixture and the yield of hydroperoxide is further improved.

Abstract: This specification discloses a vapor phase process for oxidizing acetaldehyde to peracetic acid, acetic acid being also formed at the same time, in an elongated reaction zone into which oxygen is fed through a plurality of oxygen injection sites spaced along the length of the reaction zone. The reaction gas mixture velocity through the reaction zone in the areas of the oxygen injection sites is maintained in excess of the flame velocity of the reaction gas mixture and the reaction zone temperature is maintained between about 140.degree. C. and about 180.degree. C.

Abstract: An ethylenically unsaturated hydrocarbon is hydroformylated to an aldehyde having one more carbon than the unsaturated hydrocarbon by contacting the unsaturated hydrocarbon, carbon monoxide and hydrogen in the presence of a reaction medium comprising a Group VIII noble metal and a bicyclo or tricyclo(heterocyclo) saturated amine having 2 to 10 carbons, 1 to 4 nitrogens and at least one nitrogen in a bridgehead position. Liquid phase contacting is employed with the catalyst dispersed in a liquid phase at temperatures from 50.degree. to about 200.degree. C. and pressures from 1 to 300 atmospheres. A typical reaction comprises contacting ethylene, carbon monoxide and hydrogen at a temperature of about 88.degree. C. and a pressure of 50 atmospheres with an inert liquid reaction medium containing rhodium chloride and triethylenediamine. Preferably the reaction medium also contains a biphyllic ligand which is a trivalent phosphorus, antimony or arsenic organic compound.

Abstract: A method for the production of n-alkylated cresylic acids such as n-hexyl resorcinol by direct alkylation of a cresylic acid such as resorcinol under liquid phase conditions.

Abstract: An organic peroxide of the formula ##STR1## wherein X and Y are both selected from the same one of the following two subparagraphs:(a) each of X and Y is the same and is a peroxy alkyl group of the structure --OOR in which R is a t-alkyl group of 4-8 carbon atoms;(b) X is chlorine and Y has the structure ##STR2##

Abstract: Poly-t-butyl-cinnamyl phenols and poly-t-butyl-dihydrocinnamyl phenols are disclosed to be useful for inhibiting the growth of mosquito larvae, thus providing means for controlling mosquito populations.

Abstract: The production of formaldehyde by oxidizing dehydrogenation of methanol in the presence of a silver catalyst using air which has been washed with a solution of an alkali metal compound in water and methanol in specific proportions. The product is a disinfectant, tanning agent, reducing agent and a starting material for the production of synthetic resins, adhesives and plastics.

Abstract: In a process for the manufacture of formaldehyde by the silver-catalyzed oxidation of methanol in two stages, a composite catalyst is used in the second oxidation stage, which is prepared by sintering an upstream layer of foraminous silver having a void volume of 75 to 90% contiguous to a downstream layer of crystalline silver particles having a void volume of 65 to 75% which is at least about 5% below the void volume of the upper layer.

Abstract: Phenols are prepared by decomposing aromatic organic hydroperoxides in the presence of a compound comprising at least one metal atom or cation or at least one non-metallic cation and at least one moiety derivable from an anion of the formula ##STR1## wherein R.sub.1, R.sub.2 and R.sub.3 are each independently a hydrogen atom or a substituted or unsubstituted hydrocarbyl group and Y represents an atom of oxygen or sulphur or a group of the formula ##STR2## wherein R is a hydrogen atom or a substituted or unsubstituted hydrocarbyl group and X is oxygen or sulphur.

Abstract: Formaldehyde is prepared by oxidative dehydrogenation of methanol in the presence of a silver catalyst, specific amounts of steam and specific amounts of an off-gas, of a specific composition, taken from the manufacture of formaldehyde. The reaction is started at a lower throughput of methanol and at a lower temperature. The formaldehyde obtainable by the process is a disinfectant, tanning agent and reducing agent, and a starting material for the manufacture of synthetic resins, adhesives and plastics.

Abstract: Resorcinols are prepared by reacting 4-oxocarboxylic acid esters or .delta.-enollactones with a strong base in a glycol dialkyl ether as solvent and by subsequent dehydrogenating the acidified reaction product.

Abstract: There is disclosed the method of preparing photographic grade hydroquinone from technical grade hydroquinone which consists of treating a solution of the technical grade hydroquinone in the presence of a palladium catalyst with hydrogen while the hydroquinone solution is at a pH between about 3 and about 6.

Abstract: Preparation of 2,3,6-tri-lower alkyl phenols from the condensation product of an .alpha.,.beta.-unsaturated aldehyde with a dilower alkyl ketone.

Abstract: Pent-4-en-1-al is manufactured by passing an acetaldehyde-acetal of the general formula ##STR1## where R is allyl or alkyl of 1 to 3 carbon atoms, in the gas phase and at from 350.degree. to 450.degree. C, over an active-surface catalyst.

Abstract: Cresols and xylenols are prepared by reacting a mixture of tetramethylphenols and pentamethylphenol with phenol in the liquid phase in the presence of a catalyst selected from the group consisting of activated carbon, magnesium oxide, magnesium carbonate and magnesium hydroxide.

Abstract: Phenols can be produced in a high yield together with useful aldehydes by cleaving a secondary alkylbenzene hydroperoxide in the presence of sulfur, a sulfur oxide or a phosphorus sulfide and then separating the desired phenols from the cleavage product.

Abstract: This invention discloses a process for the preparation of 2,5-dichloro-4-bromophenol which comprises reacting a mixture of 2,5-dichlorophenol and 2,4-dichlorophenol with about 0.9 to about 1.2 molar amounts of bromine per mole of 2,5-dichlorophenol and thereafter recovering the 2,5-dichloro-4-bromophenol.

Abstract: Phenols are prepared by decomposing aromatic hydroperoxides in the presence of a catalyst comprising a compound containing a heterocyclic ring of the structure ##STR1## wherein S.sup.1 and S.sup.2 each independently represents a sulphur atom or a sulphoxide or sulphone group.

Abstract: A process is provided for the production of formaldehyde by oxidizing methanol in the presence of a catalyst containing metal oxides wherein the feed stream is admixed, outside the reaction stage, with at least one portion of the reaction product.

Abstract: An improved catalyst is provided which is useful in hydroformylation reactions comprising a rhodium carbonyl complex and a polybenzimidazole fiber support wherein under hydroformylation conditions the rhodium carbonyl complex forms a catalytically active polybenzimidazole complex with the benzimidazole units of the polybenzimidazole fiber surface acting as donor ligands for the rhodium carbonyl complex. This fiber supported catalyst may be readily separated from the products of the hydroformylation reaction by simple filtration.