Abstract: 2-NITRO-4,6-DICHLORO-5-METHYLPHENOL IS PREPARED BY THE SULFONATION OF 4-CHLORO-5-METHYLPHENOL TO FORM 2-SULFO-4-CHLORO-5-METHYLPHENOL WHICH IS CHLORINATED TO 2-SULFO-4,6-DICHLORO-5-METHYLPHENOL WHICH IS IN TURN REACTED WITH NITRIC ACID TO FORM THE DESIRED PRODUCT. The sulfonation is carried out with concentrated sulfuric acid at elevated temperatures to form 2-sulfo-4-chloro-5-methylphenol. Thereafter the reaction mixture is diluted with water to a sulfuric acid content of 20-30%. The resulting 2-sulfo-4-chloro-5-methylphenol is chlorinated with chlorine at elevated temperature and normal or elevated pressures to form 2-sulfo-4,6-dichloro-5-methylphenol which is then reacted with nitric acid.

Abstract: The invention relates to a process for the preparation of aldehydes by hydrogenating carboxylic chlorides of the general formula RCOCl, wherein R stands for alkyl, isoalkyl, substituted alkyl, cycloalkyl, substituted cycloalkyl, aromatic, heterocyclic or substituted heterocyclic group, the substituents being alkyl, halogen, hydroxy, alkoxy, carboxyl, carbonyl and nitro groups wherein the hydrogenation is carried out in the presence of an alloy catalyst comprising at least one element of the platinum group and at least one element of the groups IB and IIB of the periodic system.The invention renders possible the production of aldehydes in a fair yield and at an adequate selectivity.

Abstract: A process for the production of hydroxy-pivaldehyde which comprises reacting formaldehyde with isobutyraldehyde in an approximate molar ratio of 1:2 in the presence of a catalytic amount of triethylamine, to produce a reaction mixture containing 42 to 50 wt% of hydroxy-pivaldehyde, 28 to 35 wt% of isubutyraldehyde, approximately 18 wt% of water, approximately 2 wt% of triethylamine, and approximately 18 wt% of secondary reaction products, and recovering hydroxy-pivaldehyde therefrom. The recovery steps include adding at least one part by weight of water to 1 part of the solution, distilling the solution obtained under reduced pressure at a temperature below 65.degree. C, to produce a distillate containing isobutyraldehyde, triethylamine and water, and an aqueous solution containing hydroxy-pivaldehyde, cooling the aqueous solution containing hydroxy-pivaldehyde, cooling the aqueous solution containing hydroxy-pivaldehyde to approximately 15.degree. to 20.degree.

Abstract: Improvement in the known process for producing organic cyclic hydroperoxides, which process includes oxidizing a compound of the formula ##STR1## wherein Ar is an aromatic or saturated cycloaliphatic radical and each R is an aliphatic hydrocarbon radical or a hydrogenated bicyclic terpene hydrocarbon hydroperoxide with an oxygen-containing gas at a temperature of about 80.degree.-150.degree. C under a pressure of about atmospheric up to about 10 atms., wherein the product, when produced by this process, has an improved activity on the catalysis of olefin polymerization if the oxidation reaction is halted at the point where the produced hydroperoxide has a concentration in the reaction mass of about one to less than 5%.

Abstract: In producing successive batches of halogenated 2,2-bis-(4-hydroxyphenyl)-propane by reacting bisphenol A with elemental halogen in acetic acid wherein the mother liquor of a preceding batch is used as the reaction medium, the improvement comprising adding to the mother liquor an acetate such as sodium acetate to react with free hydrogen halide in the reaction medium and to increase the yield.

Abstract: Process for preparing 5-methyl-2-nitrophenol of high purity by sulfonating tri-m-cresyl phosphate, nitrating the sulfonated tri-m-cresyl phosphate, hydrolyzing the nitrated, sulfonated tri-m-cresyl phosphate to obtain a mixture of nitro-m-cresols, steam-distilling the mixture, and repeatedly washing the distillate with a dilute aqueous alkaline solution.

Abstract: Solvent naphtha is hydrogenated over an alumina-supported cobalt molybdate or nickel molybdate catalyst to produce tar-acid products.

Abstract: A method for separating m- or p-cresol from a mixture of m- and p-cresols having a composition outside the two compositions which give respectively the eutectic points, characterized by subjecting the mixture to a crystallization treatment under a pressure of not less than about 300atmospheres.

Abstract: Asymmetrical organic diacyl peroxide polymerization initiators having enhanced initiator efficiency and characterized by the presence of an acyclic acyl group of four or more carbon atoms having bromo or halo substitution at the alpha carbon atom, the other acyl group being different and heterosubstituted. However, when the alpha-halosubstituted acyl group is branched chain the other acyl group may be hydrocarbon.

Abstract: A process is provided for the semihydrogenation of the olefinic group in the conjugated position to the carbonyl group in citral and homologues thereof to form citronellal and homologues thereof, and also for the hydrogenation of the aldehyde group of citronellal to form citronellol and homologues thereof. The dienic aldehyde is hydrogenated with hydrogen in the presence of chromium-promoted Raney nickel catalyst, and optionally, an inert solvent such as a lower aliphatic alcohol. The process is of particular application to the hydrogenation of citral and citronellal to citronellol.

Abstract: A process for preparing 4-alkoxy-n-butyraldehydes which comprises contacting allyl alcohol with formaldehyde and an alcohol in the presence of hydrogen fluoride at a temperature in the range from about -100.degree. to about 10.degree. C.

Abstract: A process for preparing 4-hydroxy-n-butyraldehyde which comprises contacting allyl alcohol with formaldehyde in the presence of hydrogen fluoride at a temperature in the range from about -100.degree. C to about 10.degree. C.

Abstract: The rate of palladium catalyzed deperoxidation of cyclohexyl hydroperoxide to form hex-2-enal is increased by carrying out the deperoxidation using an aqueous solution containing both a palladium derivative and a derivative of divalent iron.

Abstract: Copper polyphthalocyanine which has been activated by contact with an aromatic heterocyclic amine to form a novel complex is an effective catalyst for the oxidation of certain aliphatic and alicyclic compounds.

Abstract: Novel 4-(m,m'-di-t-butyl-p-hydroxyphenyl)-butyl-2 compounds whihc are intermediates in the manufacture of dyes, pesticides and plastics auxiliaries, particularly stabilizers for polyolefins and polyamides. When molten, they form specific solvents for alkylphenols and are perfumes or form ingredients of perfume compositions having a fruity odor.

Abstract: An unsaturated aldehyde having three to four carbon atoms is prepared by reacting the corresponding olefin with molecular oxygen in the vapor phase at a temperature of from 350.degree. to 520.degree. C in the presence of a metal oxide catalyst comprising the metallic components: (a) molybdenum; (b) at least one metal selected from the group consisting of niobium and tantalum; (c) tellurium; and (d) at least one metal selected from the group consisting of alkali metals, copper, arsenic, antimony, iron and nickel.

Abstract: Novel lower 2-alkyldene-3-alkenals having the generic formula: ##STR1## wherein one of R.sub.1 and R.sub.2 is hydrogen and the other is methyl, and one of R.sub.3 and R.sub.4 is hydrogen and the other is an alkyl group having two or four carbon atoms, but specifically, selected from the group consisting of:Cis-2-ethylidene-trans-3-hexenal;Cis-2-ethylidene-cis-3-hexenal;Trans-2-ethylidene-trans-3-hexenal;Trans-2-ethylidene-6-methyl-cis-3-heptenal; andTrans-2-ethylidene-6-methyl-trans-3-heptenalSuch alkenals being useful in altering, augmenting or enhancing organoleptic properties of foodstuffs, perfume compositions, perfumed articles and tobaccos.

Abstract: The present invention is related to a process for the manufacture of hydroquinone by catalytic dehydrogenation of cyclohexanedione-(1,4) in the liquid phase by means of a dehydrogenation mixture composed of a solvent and a catalyst comprising a noble metal of Group VIII of the periodical system.

Abstract: A process for alkylating the ortho-position of a phenol compound which comprises catalytically reacting a phenol compound containing at least one hydrogen atom at its ortho-position with an alcohol in the gaseous phase, characterized by that the catalyst containing iron oxide, silica, chromium oxide and one or more of alkali metal compound is used.

Abstract: A process for the production of peracetic acid which comprises the steps of adding, to an inner solvent, acetaldehyde and at least one catalyst selected from the group consisting of strongly acidic carboxylic acids, strongly acidic phenols and nitric acid, and introducing oxygen gas or oxygencontaining gas into the resulting mixture while stirring the mixture and maintaining it at a temperature range of -5.degree. C to 50.degree. C.