Abstract: A solid ceramic liquid fuel catalyst contains silica (SiO.sub.2) and alumina (Al.sub.2 O.sub.3) as a main ingredient, and thorium oxide (THO.sub.2), uranium oxide (U.sub.2 O.sub.3), rare earth oxide (REO), iron oxide (Fe.sub.2 O.sub.3), titanium oxide (TiO.sub.2), calcium oxide (CaO), magnesium oxide (MgO), sodium oxide (Na.sub.2 O), potassium oxide (K.sub.2 O), and phosphorus pentoxide (P.sub.2 O.sub.5).

Abstract: A surface modified catalyst of the type comprising at least two mechanically mixed elements forming active catalyst sites at the boundaries of such elements. The surface-modified catalyst is formed by irradiating a catalyst compound, which is preferably hopcalite (copper-manganese), at an energy level sufficient to cause molecular dispersion of the copper molecules and increase the number of active sites. One or more additional elements may be added to the surface-modified catalyst, e.g. lithium and yttrium, to affect the reaction properties and temperature stability.

Abstract: A coal extract hydrocracking catalyst having particular utility in a two stage coal extracting process which has a first liquid hydrogen donor solvent oil extraction stage and a second stage comprising catalytic hydrocracking of the extract. Desired levels of hydrocracking and hydrogenation of the extract, with an acceptable level of naphthene formation, are achieved by using on the coal extract hydrocracking catalyst a mixture of a promoted W or Mo catalyst with an unpromoted W or Mo catalyst.

Abstract: A catalyst having high temperature (800.degree.-1050.degree. C.) stability and improved three-way automotive exhaust gas catalyst activity at high temperatures, comprising an outer catalytic coating of binary La-Pd oxide (La.sub.2 Pd.sub.2 O.sub.5 or La.sub.4 PdO.sub.7) calcined and supported on a catalyst-supporting substrate, the oxide being present in an amount to provide 15-150 g of Pd per cubic foot of the substrateA method of making binary La-Pd oxides useful as an automotive exhaust catalyst operative at high temperatures, comprising heating in an oxidizing atmosphere a mixture containing La compounds and Pd compounds in a La:Pd ratio of 1:1 or 4:1, the heating being staged to first heat slowly from about 50.degree. C. to start decomposition of the compounds and thereafter retaining the residue at an elevated temperature to stimulate growth of crystalline binary La-Pd oxides and to calcine the crystalline oxides.

Abstract: A catalyst for hardening unsaturated fatty acids obtained from the decomposition of fat is described, formed of an intimate mixture of titanium oxide and finely divided palladium metal, wherein the titanium oxide is pyrogenic titanium oxide obtained from titanium tetrachloride by flame hydrolysis.

Abstract: An improved process for the preparation of a catalyst surface on a base metal support of a ferrous metal comprises forming a barrier layer of a metal oxide, between the base support metal and the catalyst. The metal oxide barrier layer is formed by oxidation under particular temperature conditions of a metal layer which is bonded to the underlying support metal.

Abstract: A catalyst has been developed. The catalyst is a metal chelate dispersed on a basic support which is either a solid solution of metal oxides or a layered double hydroxide (LDH). The process involves contacting a sour hydrocarbon fraction which contains mercaptans with the catalyst in the presence of an oxidizing agent and a polar compound. Examples of these polar compounds are water and alcohols, with methanol being especially preferred. The process is unique in that the solid solution or LDH are solid bases which eliminates the need for a liquid base. Optionally, an onium compound may be used as a catalyst promoter.

Abstract: Automatic dishwasher detergent composition is formulated as a linear viscoelastic, pseudoplastic, gel-like aqueous product of exceptionally good physical stability, low bottle residue, low cup leakage, and improved cleaning performance, Linear viscoelasticity and pseudoplastic behavior is attributed by incorporation of cross-linked high molecular weight polyacrylic acid type thickener. Potassium to sodium weight ratios of at least 1/1 minimize amount of undissolved solid particles to further contribute to stability and pourability. Control of incorporated air bubbles functions to provide the product with a bulk density of about 1.28 to 1.40 g/cc which roughly corresponds to the density of the liquid phase. Stearic acid or other fatty acid or salt further improve physical stability.

Abstract: Novel supported catalysts, well adapted for the catalytic conversion of exhaust gases emanating from internal combustion engines, include a porous carrier material, e.g., alumina spheres, such porous carrier material having a catalytically effective amount of at least one non-platinum group catalytically active element, e.g., cerium, essentially homogeneously concentrated throughout the depth of a defined peripheral face surface layer (outer band or ring) thereof.

Abstract: Catalytic gauzes which have an enlarged surface can be manufactured from a wire made of 90Pt/10Rh, for example, by coating the wire with a base metal, thermally treating the wire under partial conversion of the 90Pt/10Rh into solid solutions with the base metal, dissolving the base metal and weaving a wire gauze. They are used for the oxidation of ammonia and the ammoxidation of methane.

Abstract: Slightly thickened, shear-thinning, pseudoplastic liquid detergent compositions are packaged in a non-aerosol spray delivery package and preferably comprise a mixture of nonionic and zwitterionic detergent surfactants; hydrophobic cleaning solvent; and polycarboxylate detergent builder to provide superior cleaning of all of the soils commonly found in the bathroom. The compositions have a pH of from about 1 to about 13, preferably to about 5.5. The compositions are in the form of aqueous liquids.

Abstract: Detergents which, in addition to inorganic and/or organic peracids, contain specific bis-benzofuranyl compounds as fluorescent whitening agents. These detergents are stable for several months and already show the customary cleaning properties at washing temperatures of 20.degree.-60.degree. C.

Abstract: Peanut hulls are processed into dust free granules suitable for use as chemical carriers and moisture absorbent materials, including cat litter, by being pulverized to a powder. Deodorizer, scent and mold inhibitor powders are added to the peanut hulls powder. The powders are compacted into compacted masses which are then crumbled into granules. The powder is then compacted into compact masses that are divided into granules and screened.

Abstract: A catalyst suitable for mild-hydrocracking of cracked petroleum hydrocarbon feedstocks and selective to diesel fuels contains a catalytically active metal phase constituted by a Group VI-B element, a Group VIII first transition series element and a Group VIII second transition series element, all supported on a titania-alumina support containing about 5% to about 30% by weight titania in the support. The support is prepared by combining titanium oxide and aluminum oxide hydrogels, in appropriate proportions, followed by extrusion, drying, and calcination. The catalytically active metal phase is introduced onto the support by impregnation followed by drying and calcination. The catalytically active metal phase is then sulfided. The produced catalyst is suitable for hydrodesulfurization, hydrodenitrogenation, mild-hydrocracking and aromatics hydrogenation of previously cracked petroleum hydrocarbon feedstocks.

Abstract: Method of making a catalytic metal oxide selective to catalyzing the conversion of given gas species, comprising intimately supporting a solid film of catalytic metal oxide (i.e., TiO.sub.2, SnO.sub.2, FeO, SrTiO.sub.3, CoO) on an electrically conducting material (i.e., Au, Pt, TiN, Pd, Rh, Ni, Co), the film having an exposed outer surface spaced no greater than 1000 angstroms from said conducting material, the composition of the conducting material being matched to the composition of the oxide to change the electron state of the exposed outer surface to promote only a reaction between given gas species and said oxide.A composite metal oxide catalyst system, comprising: a substantially nonconducting support; an electrically conducting film on the support; and a catalytically active ultra-thin outer layer of a catalytic metal oxide on and in intimate contact with the conducting film.

Abstract: A process for producing a hydrogenation reaction catalyst precursor is disclosed, including the steps of:(i) coating the outer surface of at least one of a first titanium oxide and a first titanium hydroxide having an outer surface area of at least 15 m.sup.2 /g with at least one of a second titanium oxide and a second titanium hydroxide formed by hydrolyzing at least one of a titanium alkoxide represented by Formula (I) and a titanium alkoxo acid represented by Formula (II) to prepare a catalyst carrier (A);Ti(OR).sub.4 (I)wherein R represents an alkyl group having from 1 to 18 carbon atoms or an aryl group,H.sub.2 [Ti(OR).sub.6 ] (II)wherein R has the same meaning as above;(ii) applying a metal oxide composition (B) onto the catalyst carrier (A) obtained in step (i), or mixing the metal oxide composition (B) with the catalyst carrier (A) to obtain a hydrogenation reaction catalyst precursor.

Abstract: A process for the alkylation of aromatic compounds by low molecular weight alkylating agents is provided. The process includes the use of a steam modified zeolite beta alkylation catalyst. Such steam modification of the beta zeolite is achieved by steaming the catalyst at a temperature of between about 550.degree. and 750.degree. C., thereby dealuminating the zeolite to obtain a silica to alumina mole ratio of between about 50 and 350. Either liquid or vapor phase alkylation conditions may be utilized, or intermediate conditions in which liquid and vapor phases exist. The process is particularly useful the vapor phase ethylation of benzene to produce ethylbenzene with little or no xylene make.

Abstract: A metal oxide-containing catalyst which also contains, besides oxides of titanium and/or zirconium, oxides of vanadium and/or niobium and oxides of molybdenum, tungsten, and/or chromium, sulfates of alkaline earth metals, and which is used in a process for the degenerative oxidation of organic compounds present in exhaust gases from combustion plants.

Abstract: Catalyst compositions well adopted for the oxidation of olefins into .alpha.,.beta.-unsaturated aldehydes, e.g., for the oxidation of propylene into acrolein, comprise a particulate support substrate uniformly coated with 15% to 33% by weight of an adherent layer of a catalytically active phase, such support substrate comprising inert and solid spheres having a diameter ranging from 0.5 to 6 mm, such catalytically active phase comprising a catalytically effective amount of bismuth and iron molybdate, dopant amounts of phosphorus and potassium and, optionally, at least one other catalytically active metal or non-metal, and the phosphorus and the potassium each being present in such catalytically active phase in an atomic quantity ranging from 0.005 to 0.06 per 12 atoms of molybdenum, or of molybdenum plus any tungsten therein.

Abstract: Disclosed is an electrocatalyst which comprises an inorganic support and four-element alloy essentially consisting of 10 to 39 atomic percent of platinum, 30 to 5 atomic percent of nickel, 30 to 5 atomic percent of cobalt and 30 to 3 atomic percent of manganese supported on the inorganic support. The electrocatalyst possesses excellent anti-poisoning against carbon monoxide.