Abstract: Normal olefins such as n-butene can be converted to branched species by skeletal isomerization over catalysts containing solid acids prepared by sulfating catalyst precursors containing hydrous metal oxides--e.g., aluminas, silica-aluminas or clays treated with sulfuric acid, metal sulfates, sulfur trioxide or organic sulfates. The catalyst precursors are sulfated sufficiently to produce the desired skeletal isomerization without substantial cracking under suitable isomerization conditions.

Abstract: A novel, high porosity, high surface area catalyst is disclosed which is useful in wax isomerization processes, especially for the production of high viscosity index, low pour point lubricating oil base stocks or blending stocks. The catalyst contains a catalytically active metal component selected from the group consisting of Group VIB and Group VIII metals, and mixtures thereof, preferably Group VIII metals, and mixtures thereof, more preferably noble Group VIII metals and mixtures thereof, most preferably platinum which catalytically active metal component is present in the range of about 0.01 to 5.0 wt. %, and a fluorine content in the range of about 0.01 to about 10.0. The catalyst employs a refractory metal oxide support material, one preferably predominantly (i.e., at least 50 wt. %) alumina, most preferably completely alumina, e.g., gamma or eta alumina. The finished catalyst has a porosity, expressed in terms of pore volume, of at least about 0.

Abstract: A catalyst for purifying the exhaust gases of internal combustion engines with improved light-off behavior and improved durability with reduced specific noble-metal content is disclosed which uses active aluminum oxide provided with customary promoters as carrier and platinum and/or palladium and rhodium in customary amounts as noble metals. In addition, it contains one or more base metals in amounts up to 5 times the mass of the total noble metal which are brought into the immediate vicinity of the rhodium by means of a special manufacturing technique.

Abstract: A method of making a three-way catalyst based on platinum group metals, comprisng: (a) impregnating an alumina substrate with a platinum group metal ion by contacting such substrate with an aqueous solution containing the platinum group metal in an amount of 0.1-5% by weight of alumina substrate and a water soluble acid that forms RCOOH with R being an alkyl or equivalent, said acid being present in an amount of 10-120% by weight of the alumina substrate, the pH of said solution being less than 4.0; and (b) drying and calcining the wetted substrate without sintering said substrate.The three-way catalyst construction based on platinum group metals has enhanced catalytic activity. It comprises an alumina substrate and a platinum group metal impregnation layer thereover, said impregnation layer being comprised of raft-like particle structures, each having increased metal density resulting from the nesting of both small and large metal particles within a given volume.

Abstract: This invention provides a process for producing improved catalysts for the production of alkenyl alkanoates by the reaction of an alkene, an alkanoic acid and an oxygen-containing gas. The catalysts contain palladium, gold and a potassium promoter and are characterized by a reduced sodium content which results in increased catalyst activity. The reduced sodium content is obtained by using essentially sodium-free starting materials in the process for producing the catalysts.

Abstract: The present invention provides a process for making detergent granules by forming a doughy mass comprising surfactant and/or water-soluble organic polymer and/or detergent builder, and then granulating by mixing a deagglomerating agent into the doughy mass at a high shear rate. Neutral or alkaline salt, detergent builder and other conventional detergent ingredients can be, and preferably are, kneaded into the doughy mass before addition of the deagglomerating agent. The deagglomerating agent is a fine powder having a mean particle size of less than about 200 microns and is most preferably sodium aluminosilicate.

Abstract: A filter or catalyst body comprising wires or fibers is disclosed which is constructed in a single-layer or multi-layer as woven cloth, braiding or knitted fabric, the wires or fibers being at least partially connected to one another by sintering or welding. The woven cloth, netting, braiding or knitted fabric is endowed with inserted powdery, granular or chip-like particles which are sintered with or welded to the wires or fibers to provide a filter density which is lower in the inlet region of the filter body since fewer particles are provided there.

Abstract: This invention provides a process for producing improved catalysts for the production of alkenyl alkanoates by the reaction of an alkene, an alkanoic acid and an oxygen-containing gas. The catalysts contain palladium, gold and a potassium promoter and are characterized by a reduced sodium content which results in increased catalyst activity. The reduced sodium content is obtained by washing the catalyst, at a particular intermediate point in its production, with a cation exchange solution.

Abstract: A new heat sink composition having relatively high volumetric heat capacity and relatively high density have been prepared. The compositions comprise a set of formulas including: a) 50-95% oxide of iron and 50-5% of a mixture of clay, an organic binder or an inorganic binder, where said mixture can contain any portion of clay, organic binder or inorganic binder in any proportions provided the mixture adheres to the 50-5% compositional range; b) 15-95% oxide of iron and 85-5% of clay; c) 15-85% oxide of iron, 10-2% of a transition metal oxide other than iron and 75-13% inorganic binder; and d) 50-80% oxide of iron, 15-5% of talc and 35-15% clay. The compositions show good dried and fired properties and can even be loaded and fired in-situ because they possess good dried crush strength.

Abstract: A supplementary catalyst for long term maintaining the activity of the fluidized bed catalysts for ammoxidation of propylene to produce acrylonitrile. Particularly, the present invention provides a supplementary catalyst for compensating for the loss of the fluidized bed catalyst caused by the volatilization of molybdenum and loss of fine particles during operation. By adopting the supplementary catalyst, the life-time of the fluidized bed catalysts for ammoxidation of propylene to produce acrylonitrile in fluidized bed reactors can be increased from 1-1.5 years to 4 or more than 4 years.

Abstract: The present invention is directed to a process for producing dienes which involves reacting a reaction mixture of tertiary alkyl ether and a source of oxygen over two functionally distinct catalysts under reaction conditions sufficient to produce high yields of the dienes with minimal recycle of the ether. The two functionally different catalysts are selected from a group of bifunctional catalysts having both oxidation sites and acidic sites and monofunctional acidic catalysts, such as bifunctional catalysts containing components selected from a group of oxides of vanadium, tungsten, molybdenum, copper, iron, chromium, and uranium and mixtures thereof; and monofuctional acid catalysts such as acid treated montmorillonite clays, and acid catalysts comprising an inorganic amorphous or substantially amorphous oxide material comprising the following components reacted therein:M.sup.1 /M.sup.2 /P/Owherein M.sup.1 is at least one Group IIIB element selected from the group consisting of Al, Ga, In and Tl; M.sup.

Abstract: A silver catalyst suitable for the oxidation of ethylene is provided in which the silver within a support particle, e.g., alumina, is non-uniformly distributed so that the silver concentration is clearly greater on the geometric surface and in the surface layer just beneath less than 0.5 mm thick than in the interior of the particles. The concentration of silver in the layer is two to a thousand times the concentration in the interior of the catalyst.

Abstract: A metal-made honeycomb body, which is an important component of an exhaust gas cleaning device, is composed of at least one heat-resistant, planar band and at least one heat-resistant, corrugated band. Of these bands, each corrugated band has, on at least a part of a surface thereof, a surface-roughened area defining a number of minute pits.

Abstract: A catalyst prepared by the steps which comprise: (a) adding to an asphaltene-containing hydrocarbonaceous oil charge stock a metal compound, a heteropoly acid and water; (b) converting the metal compound and heteropoly acid within the charge stock by heating the oil to a temperature from about 120.degree. F. (43.degree. C.) to about 500.degree. F. (260.degree. C.) to produce at least one organometallic compound within the charge stock; and (c) converting the organometallic compound within the charge stock under hydroconversion conditions to produce the catalyst.

Abstract: A process is disclosed that provides a high conversion of n-butane to C.sub.5 + gasoline by integrating the medium pore metallosilicate catalyzed process for fresh n-butane conversion to C.sub.5 + gasoline with a medium pore metallosilicate catalyzed process for propane conversion in a manner which allows a portion of the propane by-product of n-butane conversion to be converted to C.sub.4 + alkanes, followed by recycle of the n-butane portion of the C.sub.4 + alkanes. It has been discovered that separation of the products from the separate propane and n-butane conversion steps can be carried out concurrently in a single fractionator to provide the C.sub.5 + gasoline product and the propane and butane recycle streams. Preferably, the fractionator butane cut is treated in a deisobutanizer to recover isobutane and n-butane recycle. A further discovery utilizes the common fractionator not only to separate the products from the conversion processes but to concurrently separate a mixed fresh C.sub.3 -C.sub.

Abstract: A catalyst for oxidizing a carbon-containing compound comprising a composite oxide powder composed of 4 to 19% by weight of silica, 3 to 10% by weight of boria, and the balance alumina, and palladium in an amount of 3 to 100 g per 1 liter of the powder carried on the composite powder, and a method for producing such a catalyst are described. The composite oxide is thermally stable and prevents reduction of palladium oxide, and the catalyst can be used for an extended period high temperatures.

Abstract: A catalyt composition for removal of sulfur and nitrogen in the hydroprocessing refinery of hydrocarbon streams. The composition comprises supported molybdenum or tungsten and containing cobalt or nickel. In addition, the presence of a third metal selected from the group consisting of titaniun, zirconium, and hafnium, deposited in a non-aqueous fashion, is provided.

Abstract: For the sulfuration a new or regenerated catalyst, containing a support with a base of at least one metal oxide or a metalloid, and at least one active metal, the catalyst is impregnated in the absence of hydrogen with an aqueous ammonium sulfide solution at a temperature between 0.degree. and 50.degree., in the presence of at least one sulfur additive selected in the group consisting of thiodazoles, thio acids, thio amides, thiocyanates, thio esters, thiophenols, thiosemicarbazides, thioureas, mercapto alcohols of formula ##STR1## where n and m are whole numbers, R.sub.1, R.sub.2, R.sub.3, R.sub.4, identical or different, are atoms of hydrogen or alkyl, aryl, aralkyl, alkylaryl organic radicals, thiols of formula R.sub.1 --SH where R is an organic radical, thio ethers of formula R.sub.1 --S--R.sub.2 where R.sub.1 and R.sub.2 are defined as above and the organic disulfides of formula R.sub.1 --S--S--R.sub.2 where R.sub.1 and R.sub.2 are defined as above.

Abstract: The invention presents catalysts for producing phthalic anhydride by vapor phase catalytic oxidation of orthoxylene and/or naphthalene with molecular oxygen or gas containing molecular oxygen. The catalyst is prepared by supporting a catalytic active substance comprising 1 to 20 parts by weight (hereinafter abbreviated "parts") of vanadium oxide as V.sub.2 O.sub.3, 99 to 80 parts of anatase type titanium dioxide with specific surface area of 10 to 60 m.sup.2 /g as TiO.sub.2 and per 100 parts of the sum of these two ingredients, 0.05 to 1.2 parts of at least one element selected from potassium, cesium, rubidium and thallium as oxide, and 0.05 to 2 parts of silver as Ag.sub.2 O on a heat resistant inorganic carrier. The catalyst may also contain, per 100 parts in total of vanadium oxide and titanium dioxide, 0 to 1 part of niobium as Nb.sub.2 O.sub.5, 0 to 1.2 parts of phosphorus as P.sub.2 O.sub.3, and 0 to 5 parts of antimony as Sb.sub.2 O.sub.

Abstract: A method of preparing catalyst compositions of cobalt composited with ternary metal oxide supports of substituted titania having the general formula Co/Ti.sub.x M.sub.1-x O.sub.2 where x ranges from 0.01 to 0.14 and M is selected from the group consisting of silicon, zirconium, and tantalum and wherein the titania is an anatase polymorph stable under oxidative regeneration temperatures from about 400.degree. to about 750.degree. C.