Abstract: Oxygen generator for cartridges, having a pressure tank and a cartridge holder connected thereto. The cartridge holder is divided by a gas-tight separable joint into two halves, and its interior is in communication through an opening with the interior of the pressure tank. To maintain functionality over a long period of time, the bottom half of the cartridge holder is joined to the pressure tank with good thermal conductivity in the area of the separable joint and is in communication with the pressure tank through an unplugged opening which is narrow in proportion to the inside cross section of the lower half. Further, the upper half of the cartridge holder is superimposed on the bottom half directly at the top of the pressure tank and is provided with a cooling structure.

Abstract: Tendrillar carbonaceous material is used as a fluidization aid for fluidized beds. The tendrillar carbonaceous material can be used to fluidize cohesive solids. Further, it can be used to improve fluidization of particulate solids by reducing entrainment, eliminating bubbling, and/or eliminating channelling. The tendrillar carbonaceous material can be a fibrous, particulate carbonaceous material comprising carbon fibers and a ferrous group metal component dispersed thoughout the carbon fibers as nodules. The tendrillar carbonaceous material has a bulk density of from about 0.01 to about 0.7 g/cm.sup.3 and comprises an agglomeration of tendrils having a diameter of from about 0.01 to about 1 micron and a length to diameter ratio of from about 5:1 to about 1000:1.

Abstract: A fixed bed catalytic reactor having a porous bed of catalyst particles contained in a closed reactor shell, comprising inlet means for introducing a downwardly flowing mixed stream of gas and liquid reactants; phase separator means for receiving said mixed stream and directing liquid onto the porous catalyst bed, said separator means being disposed within the reactor shell between said inlet means and said porous catalytic bed; said separator means comprising an upper foraminous wall having a series of gas outlets permitting a substantially-gaseous phase to escape outwardly from the separator means into an upper reactor portion, and lower liquid distribution means for receiving a stream of substantially liquid phase and dividing said liquid phase into a plurality of spaced-apart liquid streams directed toward the porous catalyst bed; and means for recovering gaseous and liquid reaction products from the reactor shell.

Abstract: A lime processing apparatus has a transportable base and a reaction vessel mounted on the base. The reaction vessel has an inlet end for receiving a pressurized flow of water and lime and has a discharge end. A mechanical agitator is rotatably mounted within the vessel interior for mixing the water and the lime within the vessel to form a slurry product and to move the slurry product through the vessel to continuously discharge product from the discharge end. An elevator mechanism on the transportable base elevates the discharge end of the reaction vessel whereby any unreacted solids in the slurry product are collected at the inlet end for removal through a solids discharge conduit.

Abstract: A vessel for the generation of synthesis gas at a high pressure, using hydrocarbons, includes a catalytic endothermic reforming section with a plurality of reformer tubes heated externally and filled with a catalyst, and a mixture of hydrocarbons and steam entering the reformer tubes which are positioned by a common plate. The reforming gas generated in the tubes flows from the tubed section into a partial oxidation section which has a larger diameter than the tubed section and the shape of a pressure vessel closed at one end, the free ends of the reformer tubes penetrating into the partial oxidation section, and in which inlet gas such as additional hydrocarbons and oxygen or oxygen-rich gas are mixed with the reforming gas. A plurality of inlet devices for the inlet gas are positioned in the cylindrical shell of the partial oxidation section with the axes of the gas flow streams being inclined away from the radial.

Abstract: In a method and apparatus for improving the flow of catalyst particles from a riser conversion zone to a separator in a fluidized catalytic cracking (FCC) unit, the exit of the riser conversion zone is equipped with a deflector mounted so as to redirect catalyst particle and gas suspension movement toward a separator inlet, thus preventing rebound back into the riser conversion zone. The catalyst deflector can be combined with one or more of a short contact time stripper, a stripper mount in or adjacent the exhaust barrel of a separator, and/or a catalyst seal pot, all serving to reduce "residence" time of hydrocarbons with catalyst particles.

Abstract: A gas stream containing CO.sub.2 and H.sub.2 S is contacted with an alkanolamine in a contacting zone. The rich solution is then selectively stripped in a stripping zone to produce a gas stream containing a higher CO.sub.2 :H.sub.2 S mole ratio than the initial stream. This stream can be recycled to the alkanolamine contacting zone. The partially stripped solution can be introduced into another stripping zone to provide a third gas stream which is rich in H.sub.2 S and lean in CO.sub.2 suitable as feed for a Claus Unit and a lean alkanolamine solution which can be recycled to the contacting zone.

Abstract: The walls surrounding the atomization chamber in a catalytic cracking unit where the cracking catalyst surrounds the atomization chamber are cooled by a flow of cooling fluid and baffles to cause the cooling fluid to flow in generally annular streams with crossflow between the annular streams being in a generally radially inwardly direction.

Abstract: Tendrillar carbonaceous material is used as a fluidization aid for fluidized beds. The tendrillar carbonaceous material can be used to fluidized cohesive solids. Further, it can be used to improve fluidization of particulate solids by reducing entrainment, eliminating bubbling, and/or eliminating channelling. The tendrillar carbonaceous material can be a fibrous, particulate carbonaceous material comprising carbon fibers and a ferrous group metal component dispersed throughout the carbon fibers as nodules. The tendrillar carbonaceous material has a bulk density of from about 0.01 to about 0.7 g/cm.sup.3 and comprises an agglomeration of tendrils having a diameter of from about 0.01 to about 1 micron and a length to diameter ratio of from about 5:1 to about 1000:1.

Abstract: Catalytic regenerators, nozzle designs and processes suitable for introducing regeneration air into a catalytic cracking unit which substantially reduce erosion induced nozzle failures, include at least one nozzle which has at least one planer surface generally parallel to the nozzle's longitudinal axis. In another embodiment, at least one nozzle has a plurality of planer surfaces generally parallel to the nozzle's longitudinal axis.

Abstract: A system for removal of oxides of nitrogen from the waste gas produced by various combustion processes discloses thoroughly mixing the waste gas with ammonia by means of a static mixing element and then passing the resultant mixture through a catalytic reactor. The ammonia may be supplied by reacting a portion of the waste gas with natural gas in the presence of a catalyst.

Abstract: A method and apparatus for fluid catalytic cracking (FCC) in which the output of a riser conversion zone is fed to a riser cyclone separator, a primary cyclone separator, and secondary cyclone separator, connected in series within a single reactor vessel. The riser cyclone separator is connected to the primary cyclone separator by a conduit which prevents random post-riser thermal cracking of the hydrocarbons after they exit the riser cyclone. Means are also provided to blend stripping gas with the cracked hydrocarbons as they travel from the riser conversion zone to said primary cyclone separator. The stripping gas blends with the cracked hydrocarbons to improve the separation of hydrocarbons from catalyst. Steam may also be directly injected into the riser cyclone separator to aid in separation of hydrocarbons from catalyst.

Abstract: A vertical, cold wall, three bed ammonia converter having upper and lower shell and tube heat exchangers wherein the lower heat exchanger is disposed axially within the upper, annular catalyst bed and preheated synthesis gas from the heat exchangers is initially converted in the middle catalyst bed which is penetrated by first, second, and third coaxial pipes. Partially converted gas from the middle catalyst bed flows upwardly through the annulus formed by the second and third axial pipes through the hot side of the lower exchanger and is then divided for parallel flow through the upper catalyst bed and, by way of the annulus formed by the first and second axial pipes, the lower catalyst bed. Converted gas from the upper and lower catalyst beds is then combined and introduced to the hot side of the upper feed/effluent exchanger.

Abstract: A vertical reactor for catalytic exothermic and endothermic reactions, especially for the production of methanol, ammonia, synthesis gas and higher alcohols, with a jacket containing the catalyst bed and exchanger pipes which form a tube bundle running through the jacket parallel to its longitudinal axis, with a gas-permeable floor supporting the catalyst bed, as well as feed and discharge pipes for the cooling or heating medium running through the jacket lid and the jacket floor, said feed and discharge pipes, as well as feed and discharge pipes for the reaction gas, leading into horizontal distributing and collecting pipes wherein the upper and lower ends of the upright or essentially upright exchanger pipes of the tube bundle lead into horizontal supporting headers which are parallel to each other and arranged below and above the collecting and distributing pipes.

Abstract: A pump seal oil system for a reactor pump wherein seal oil is provided at a pre-determined rate of flow without changing the rate of flow in response to pressure differences between the seal oil in the pump and the reactor pressure. Seal oil is provided at a first rate when the reactor pump is in operation and at a second higher rate when the reactor pump is not in operation.

Abstract: An apparatus for the cracking of a heavy hydrocarbon feedstock comprising a pre-pyrolysis cracker for treating the feedstock at elevated temperatures and pressures; a primary separator for separating the effluent from the pre-pyrolysis cracker into a heavy fuel oil fraction and a treated heavy hydrocarbon fraction; a pyrolysis furnace having a convection section for preheating and two radiant sections for partially cracking the treated heavy hydrocarbon and cracking a light hydrocarbon feedstock, a DUOCRACKER for completely cracking the heavy fraction while quenching the light fraction and a quencher for quenching the composite stream from the DUOCRACKER.

Abstract: A technique, including an apparatus, for automatically regenerating a catalyst used in a process for obtaining a product in an exit stream from a raw material in a feed stream of a reactor, comprises determining the concentration of raw material in the feed and exit stream and obtaining a value for the catalyst selectively as a function of the difference between the concentrations. When a selected selectivity is reached, which is indicative of the need for the catalyst to be regenerated, regenerator equipment is activated for regenerating the catalyst in the reactor. To continue the process, the feed stream is transferred to an auxiliary reactor during regeneration of the primary reactor, which contains regenerated or fresh catalyst.

Abstract: Apparatus and methods for controlling and sterilizing the flow of fluids through a medical treatment device such as a dialyzer including a fluid flow inlet for feeding the fluid to the medical treatment device, a heater for controlling the supply of heat to the fluid in the fluid flow inlet, a fluid flow outlet for withdrawing contaminated fluid from the dialyzer, a recirculation duct for recirculating at least a portion of the heated fluid from a point in the fluid flow inlet to an upstream point in the fluid flow inlet in which the heated fluid can again pass through the heater, and valves for selectively directing at least a portion of the fluid to the recirculation duct for sterilization purposes.

Abstract: A medical instruments sterilization container (10) includes a housing (12) and a removable dome-shaped lid (14) having a filtered inlet port (18) disposed therethrough for permitting the passage of gas or steam into housing (12). A removable tray (16) is adapted to be disposed within housing (12) to hold various instruments to be sterilized and includes apertures (24) formed on the bottom of the tray for permitting condensate to drain therefrom. The bottom surface of housing (12) is sloped to two locations centered on opposite sides thereof and includes filtered outlet ports (40, 42) positioned at the two locations to permit discharged air and condensate to exit housing (12). Pedestals (30) are secured on the bottom surface of housing (12) to facilitate stacking of a plurality of sterilization containers.

Abstract: A method for reducing the amount of oxygen in an oxygen-containing aqueous medium comprising adding to the medium an effective amount of a hydrazine-free aqueous solution of an aminophenol compound or acid salt thereof having the formula ##STR1## where a=1, 2, or 3;b is 0 or 1 andx=amino or alkylamino (C1-C4).