Abstract: In an apparatus for the regeneration of fluid cracking catalyst, the catalyst is cooled in a heat exchanger mounted to the lower side of the regenerator and cool catalyst is returned to the regenerator by means of a separate gas lift.

Abstract: A horizontal, cold wall, multi-bed ammonia converter having two, shell and tube interchangers for cooling reaction gas streams leaving respectively the first and second catalyst beds with incoming reactant gases wherein each of the interchangers is vertically oriented and physically located between catalyst beds. The catalyst beds are adiabatic, slab-shape beds defined in part by side portions of the inner wall of the converter and are arranged for downward, transverse flow of reacting gases. Longitudinal conduits and baffling in cooperation with the arrangement of catalyst beds and interchangers provide serial flow of gas through the cold side of each of the interchangers, a first catalyst bed, the hot side of one of the interchangers, a second catalyst bed, the hot side of the other interchanger, a third catalyst bed, and, optionally, a fourth catalyst bed.

Abstract: A fluid bed catalytic apparatus and process for cracking a hydrocarbon charge and regenerating the catalyst where hot particles are contacted at the top of the cracking zone (1) with the sprayed liquid charge to be treated and thus produce (a) the vaporization of the charge in lines 10 and (b) an intimate charge-catalyst particles mixture. The catalyst particles are then withdrawn from the lower part of the cracking reactor (1), separated from the reaction effluent, stripped in reactor (17) and successively subjected to two regeneration steps, respectively in zones (22) and (37), zone (37) being a tubular reactor where the catalyst particles are driven upwardly by a carrying gas.

Abstract: An aroma-generating unit adapted to periodically discharge into the atmosphere bursts of aromatic vapor, the non-aromatic intervals between the bursts having a duration sufficient to avoid desensitizing the olfactory response of those exposed to the unit. The unit includes a hollow case whose upper wall has a vent therein and whose side wall has a slot to receive a replaceable cartridge provided with a porous mat impregnated with an aromatic liquid. When fully inserted, the cartridge is disposed below the vent and serves to define an air-confined chamber within the case. Disposed in this chamber is an electrical heater that is periodically energized by power pulses to heat and expand the confined air and to produce a positive pressure in the chamber forcing the heated air through the impregnated mat to rapidly volatilize the liquid and to produce bursts of aroma which are discharged into the atmosphere through the vent, which bursts are separated by relatively long, non-aromatic intervals.

Abstract: An aroma generator that is rendered operative only when one turns on an electric light bulb in the room in which the generator is installed, the generator then functioning to discharge an air current into the room conveying an aromatic vapor which modifies the prevailing atmosphere. Included in the generator is a motor-driven fan that forces air through an air permeable cartridge containing an aroma supply, the motor being connected to a battery through a signal-responsive electronic relay. Applied to the relay is a signal derived from a light sensor which is adjacent the light source to intercept light rays therefrom. The arrangement is such that when the bulb is switched on, the signal from the sensor is then of sufficient magnitude to actuate the relay and thereby render the generator operative, whereby the operation of the aroma generator is coordinated with that of the bulb without any wire connection therebetween.

Abstract: Methods for chemically scavenging oxygen from an aqueous medium are disclosed. Linear, water soluble polyethyleneamines, such as pentaethylenehexamine, are added, as the sole oxygen scavenger, to the desired aqueous medium. Suitable environments for use of these amines comprise boiler feedwater and boiler steam condensate systems.

Abstract: A compact concentric-tube catalytic reaction apparatus for converting distillable hydrocarbon feedstock or methanol to useful industrial gases, such as hydrogen and carbon monoxide, comprises an annular reaction chamber concentrically disposed around an internal burner chamber. An infrared burner assembly vertically disposed within the burner chamber provides a uniformly radiating source for heat transfer to the reaction chamber. The burner chamber employs a convective section of enhanced thermal efficiency. The present invention eliminates the problems of flame impingement and local heat maldistribution associated with compact designs employing flame burners directly radiating to the reaction chamber wall.

Abstract: An apparatus for reducing the pressure drop in a riser reactor equipped with a horizontal tee joint connection which uses a fluid injection means selectively located at a point juxtaposed to the connection of the horizontal and vertical tubes to prohibit fine particle catalysts from backflow down the elongated riser reactor which omission thereby provides (1) an easy upflow of catalysts and hydrocarbon vapors through the riser reactor and (2) an incentive for the flow of particles up through the elongated riser and transfer laterally to the horizontal tee joint connection.

Abstract: A method for inhibiting corrosion in an aqueous system which comprises adding to the system a corrosion inhibiting salt capable of forming a passivating film at the anode, and a substantially linear cationic polymer, is especially useful in cooling water systems and their associated equipment.

Abstract: A method for inhibiting corrosion in an aqueous system is described which comprises adding to the system a corrosion inhibiting metal salt capable of forming a passivating film of a water insoluble salt of said metal at the cathode, and a substantially linear cationic polymer.

Abstract: The danger of explosion due to decomposition of high-pressure industrial process gases, such as ethylene, is reduced by beginning to cool the decomposition gases with a delay of no more than 25 milliseconds from the onset of flow of the gases out of a high-pressure vessel. The process may be implemented by using apparatus comprising: (1) means containing an inert gas at a pressure P between about 5 and 50 bars and an inert liquid of high heat of vaporization; and (2) a valve located upstream of an inert-liquid dispersing means, of which the opening is operated by a means detecting the opening of a safety means of the high-pressure vessel and operating the working of the dispersing means.

Abstract: A process for preventing backmixing in a fluidized bed vessel wherein a gaseous fluid phase and fluidized solids are moved co-currently through a plurality of fluid bed compartments in substantially plug flow. The vessel may be used for production of maleic anhydride.

Abstract: An apparatus for fluid catalytic cracking (FCC) of a hydrocarbon feed in an open or closed system, which includes a multistage stripper system, which comprises a means for spinning a gasiform mixture of catalyst and cracked hydrocarbons exiting from a riser, a first means for stripping the spun gasiform mixture, and a means for deflecting the gasiform mixture to separate catalyst from the cracked hydrocarbons.

Abstract: An apparatus for converting oxygenated feedstock, such as methanol, dimethyl ether or the like, to liquid hydrocarbons. In the primary catalyst stage the feedstock is contacted with a fluidized zeolite catalyst to produce C.sub.2 -C.sub.4 olefins and C.sub.5.sup.+ hydrocarbons. In a secondary catalytic stage with oligomerization catalyst comprising medium-pore shape selective acidic zeolite at increased pressure converts C.sub.3.sup.+ olefins to gasoline and/or distillate liquids. A portion of the recovered gasoline stream is recycled to the fluidized bed at a point above the bed stratum corresponding to substantially complete oxygenate conversion.

Abstract: Corrosion in liquid, especially aqueous systems such as cooling systems, is controlled by the addition of a vegetable tannin or a derivative thereof, a triazole, a hydroxylamine, a neutralizing amine, and a water soluble salt of a Group II metal, in particular zinc, magnesium or calcium.

Abstract: A process for the incremental enrichment of deuterium and/or tritium in a material which is suitable for the isotope exchange of deuterium and tritium with hydrogen, and an arrangement for the implementation of the process. The process and arrangement for the enrichment of deuterium and/or tritium in water which, in addition to a high transport speed for the molecules which participate in the isotope exchange, evidences a high enrichment factor for each enrichment stage and a high yield, so that at a relatively small number of stages and low energy consumption there is attainable an overall high degree of enrichment. For each enrichment stage, water containing deuterium and/or tritium is introduced into a carrier gas flow, reduced and set to a hydrogen (H.sub.2) partial pressure of maximally 100 mbar.

Abstract: A fluid feeding apparatus for feeding a fluid to a point beyond the apparatus, wherein a hollow member is provided having an interior surface which defines a chamber having a first fluid therein. The interior surface tapers toward the chamber axis from an open end of the member to an interior surface boundary axially opposite the open end of the member. A second fluid is injected into the chamber generally toward the opening formed at the open end.

Abstract: A steam sterilization cycle having a conditioning stage, a sterilizing stage, a drying stage and an air admission stage which provides maximum removal of entrapped air from full or partial porous loads. The conditioning stage includes a plurality of pressure/vacuum pulses. The final vacuum pulses are deeper than the initial pulses. The sterilizing stage includes a diffusion dwell come-up which gradually increases the temperature and pressure of the chamber to the predetermined sterilization temperature by a sequence of pressure rises followed by pressure plateaus which permit substantially complete steam penetration of the load and substantial equalization of the actual load temperature and the temperature sensed by the sterilizer controls and substantially eliminates superheating the chamber. The cycle may also include a step for detecting and reacting to unacceptable levels of noncondensable gas present in the chamber during the sterilization stage.

Abstract: Benzoyl alanines of the formula ##STR1## in which R.sup.1 and R.sup.2 can be the same or different and represent hydrogen or an alkyl radical containing from 1 to 12 carbon atoms and R.sup.3 and R.sup.4 can be the same or different and represent hydrogen, an unbranched or branched alkyl radical containing from 1 to 10 carbon atoms, hydroxyalkyl, alkoxyalkyl, carboxyalkyl or alkylaminoalkyl radicals containing from 1 to 3 carbon atoms in the alkyl radicals and wherein R.sup.3 and R.sup.4 together can be the --CH.sub.2 CH.sub.2 --O--CH.sub.2 CH.sub.2 -- group or the --CH.sub.2 CH.sub.2 CH.sub.2 CH.sub.2 CH.sub.2 -- group which form with the nitrogen atom the morpholino or the piperidino ring, respectively; with the proviso that(a) when R.sup.1 is hydrogen or methyl and R.sup.2 and R.sup.3 are hydrogen, R.sup.4 cannot represent hydroxyethyl or carboxymethyl, and(b) when R.sup.1 is hydrogen or methyl and R.sup.2 is hydrogen R.sup.3 and R.sup.4 cannot both represent hydroxyethyl, and(c) when R.sup.1 and R.sup.

Abstract: A process for inhibiting the corrosion of ferrous metals in aqueous acidic or briny media comprising the step of adding a composition of the formula ##STR1## where R.sub.1 is a hydrocarbon group, O is a pyridine or substituted pyridine, and X is an anion.