Abstract: A semiconductor package including: a first substrate; a first semiconductor device on the first substrate; a first mold layer covering the first semiconductor device; a second substrate on the first mold layer; a support solder ball interposed between the first substrate and the second substrate, and electrically disconnected from the first substrate or the second substrate, wherein the support solder ball includes a core and is disposed near a first sidewall of the first semiconductor device; and a substrate connection solder ball disposed between the first sidewall of the first semiconductor device and the support solder ball to electrically connect the first substrate to the second substrate, wherein a top surface of the first semiconductor device has a first height from a top surface of the first substrate, and the core has a second height which is equal to or greater than the first height.

Abstract: A package structure includes a first thermal dissipation structure, a first semiconductor die, a second semiconductor die. The first thermal dissipation structure includes a semiconductor substrate, conductive vias embedded in the semiconductor substrate, first capacitors electrically connected to the conductive vias, and a thermal transmission structure disposed over the semiconductor substrate and the conductive vias. The first semiconductor die is disposed on the first thermal dissipation structure. The second semiconductor die is disposed on the first semiconductor die opposite to the first thermal dissipation structure.

Abstract: Brine containing at least two salts, one or more of the salts having a higher hydrated form and a lower hydrated or anhydrous form, is fed to a non-convective solar pond and one of the salts having a higher hydrated form and a lower hydrated or anhydrous form is crystallized in a higher hydrated form, dehydrated to a lower hydrated form, and recovered from the bottom of the pond in solid, pure form essentially free from the other salts in the brine. To effect separation, the salt having a higher hydrated form and a lower hydrated or anhydrous form, which is to be recovered in pure form must be present in the pond in an essentially saturated concentration. The concentrations of any of the other salts must generally not exceed saturation concentration at the temperature in the top layer of the pond, and must not exceed saturation concentration at the conditions in the bottom layer of the pond. Concentrations of other salts in the pond must be controlled such that the required density gradient is maintained.

Abstract: The invention relates to a method of recovering chemicals from chloride-containing green liquor by precarbonating the green liquor by means of flue gases into hydrosulfide and soda, by removing hydrosulfide from the precarbonated solution in the form of hydrogen sulfide, by evaporation crystallizing the chloride- and soda-containing solution in order to separate the chloride salt from the alkaline solution. In order to reduce releases of hydrogen sulfide, the produced hydrogen sulfide is absorbed into a soda solution and/or an alkaline solution in order to produce a solution suitable for the preparation of white liquor, whereas the hydrogen sulfide which remains unabsorbed is returned to the precarbonation stage, in which the hydrogen sulfide is absorbed substantially completely. By means of the invention it is possible to achieve a closed cycle of chemicals without the chloride load of the system increasing, and at the same time the chloride is recovered and returned to the bleaching.

Abstract: Planar apertured shunts surrounding the outer apertures of the final convergence electrode of a color cathode ray tube electron gun, used for correction of the beam-deflecting magnetic fields associated with the outer electron beams, are captivated by apertured retaining means, having shunt-accommodating pockets surrounded by a peripheral seating rim affixed to the bottom of the convergence electrode.

Abstract: The invention relates to a method and an apparatus for detecting and counteracting a deformation of the stock discharge gap in a paper machine headbox, which is caused by thermal expansion due to the temperature of the stock and/or the pressure of the stock. This is achieved by ultrasonic transducers located close to the slice opening which obtain measurement results relating to the distance between the roof member and the apron beam member of the headbox. At least two such transducers, one preferably located close to a side wall of the discharge gap and the other preferably located midway between the side walls, give information about a possible difference between the measurement results caused by the deformation. This difference serves as a guide for adjusting the temperature of the apron beam member and/or the roof member in such a way that the deformation is reduced in magnitude or entirely eliminated.

Abstract: In the causticization part of the sulphate process the conductivity of the green liquor and the white liquor is measured, and the specific gravity of the green liquor is measured to determine the TTA-value (total titratable alkaline). The measuring values are registered on-line in a data processor calculating the required change of the supply of quicklime or green liquor to the slaker and/or the required change of the TTA-value of the green liquor for the control of the properties of the white liquor.The measurings carried out provide the basis of a control of the properties or composition of the white liquor, whereby the causticization process forming part of the sulphate process is simplified and made more efficient. The drawbacks associated with an insufficient control, e.g. calcification and the consequent poorer filtratability of the white liquor as well as a too high content of calcium in the white liquor, cause calcification of filters, pipes, pumps, and digesters etc.

Abstract: A method for keeping the heating surfaces in the final thickener (VI), which is divided into several sections (A,B,C), clean in evaporating waste liquors in pulping processes for recovering the cooking chemicals. Chemical solutions e.g. residual products from other processes as tall oil separation and chlorine dioxide production are added to cover the chemical losses. According to the invention the chemical solutions are supplied to those sections of the final thickener which are at the time not being washed with thick waste liquor from the preceding evaporator (II).

Abstract: A process for manufacturing a preform from which is drawn an optical fiber, the core of which comprises layers of different glass composition. In one embodiment, the known CVD process for making preforms is modified by halting rotation of the substrate tube while the tube is asymmetrically heated by a source that traverses the length of the tube. A vapor mixture flowing through the tube reacts only near that region of the inner surface of the tube that is being heated. This forms a longitudinal strip of glass particles. The flow of reactants stops, the tube is rotated, and it is traversed by heating means which heats the tube to a temperature sufficiently high to fuse the glass particles and forming a longitudinal strip of glassy material.

Abstract: The invention relates to a device for a web, which can be removed from a cylinder (3), said web preferably being a paper web. A band-shaped doctor blade (5), which is designed to extend along the mantle surface (3A) of the cylinder, and which is made possible to be fed in the longitudinal direction of the blade, brings about the removal of the web.The device makes possible a rational and simple forward feed and change of the doctor blade (5), when said blade is worn during its bearing against the mantle surface (3A) of the cylinder, and the time of cost consuming interruptions in connection with the outfeed of the web is thereby reduced, and also the size of the plant is reduced.

Abstract: This invention relates to the immobilization of toxic materials, e.g., radioactive materials, in glass for extremely long periods of time. Toxic materials, such as radioactive wastes, which may be in the form of liquids, or solids dissolved or dispersed in liquids or gases, are deposited in a glass container which is heated to evaporate off non-radioactive volatile materials, if present; to decompose salts, such as nitrates, if any, and to drive off volatile non-radioactive decomposition products, and then to collapse the walls of said container on said radwaste and seal the container and immobilize the contained radwaste, and then burying the resulting product underground or at sea. In another embodiment, the glass container also contains glass particles, e.g., spheres or granules, on which the radwaste solids are deposited.

Abstract: A method of forming optical fibers with minimal contamination from ambient air is disclosed. In the inventive method a gas stream is introduced into a rotating structure by means of a rotating seal. The rotating seal comprises a rotating member seated within a stationary member. Counterflowing gases are flowed through the clearance region between the rotating and stationary members to prevent seepage of ambient air into the gas stream.

Abstract: An integrated apparatus and process for recovery of heat and chemical values from spent pulping liquors are disclosed. Novel means for recovering heat values and residual entrained solids from the combustion gases are provided.

Abstract: A press section of a paper machine comprises, in the direction of web run, at least three separate press nips for removing water from a web, the web passing between two fabrics in each of the three nips. Dewatering of the web takes place through both faces of the web at least in the first press nip which is formed between two open-faced press rolls. The second and third press nips are formed between an open-faced roll and one of an open-faced roll and a smooth-faced roll. According to the invention, the press section includes two upper fabrics and two lower fabrics, the first upper and lower fabrics in the direction of web run being water-receiving press fabrics, one of which constitutes a press fabric only in the first press nip, the other fabric constituting a press fabric both in the first and second press nips. One of the second upper and lower fabrics is a water-receiving press fabric, the other being a water-non-receiving transfer fabric adapted to receive minimal amounts of water, if any.

Abstract: A dandy roll useful in producing paper bearing a watermark which simulates oxford cloth and a papermaking process using the same are disclosed.

Abstract: A process for producing a glass product having .DELTA.n, the difference between the central and peripheral portions of the glass, greater than 0.04. This process utilizes a porous glass body which is produced via a phase separation technique. A dopant selected from the group consisting of (1) TlNO.sub.3, (2) TlNO.sub.3 and an alkali metal compound and (3) TlNO.sub.3, Pb(NO.sub.3).sub.2 and an alkali metal compound is then permeated into the micropores of the porous glass product. A concentration gradient of the dopant is then formed by leaching out a portion of the dopant from the micropores. After the dopant is solidified in the micropores, the porous glass product is dried. A heat-treatment step then serves to collapse the micropores. A glass product having a gradient of refractive indices is thereby obtained.

Abstract: An improved bimetal mounting bracket for color cathode ray tubes allows an increase in the space between the mask and screen of the tube to accommodate a miniaturized electron gun without the need for changes to the other tube components.

Abstract: A forming shoe in a two-wire forming section of a paper making machine has a curved guiding surface which guides a joint run of the wires and web interposed therebetween over a curved path of travel wherein the web is dewatered under the effect of the pressure between the wires at least in a direction away from the forming shoe, the dewatering action being assisted by the curvature of the forming shoe due to centrifugal forces. According to the invention, the length of the active portion of the forming shoe guiding surface, the surface quality or characteristics of the guiding surface and/or the radius of curvature of the guiding surface are adjustable so that web formation and the dewatering capacity of the forming shoe are controlled. For this purpose one or more devices are coupled to the forming shoe by which the attitude and/or location thereof is adjustable.

Abstract: Process for preparing a concentrated egg white or salted whole egg product capable of containing other food ingredients and flavorings and of being preserved protected from the air, according to which the initial egg white is concentrated to a dry solids content of at least 55% compared with the final egg product, in such a manner that at all times and at all points the temperature of the product being processed never exceeds 47.degree. C.; or else the initial whole egg is concentrated to a dry solids content of at least 51% compared with the final egg product, in such a manner that at all times and at all points the temperature of the product being processed never exceeds 60.degree. C., with an amount of between 2 and 4% by weight of added salt compared with the final egg product being added before, during or after concentration. The product obtained can be preserved at least three months at ambient temperature and a further week at 37.degree. C.

Abstract: Good color in fresh meat, fresh poultry, and fresh fish is established and maintained by subjecting such meat, poultry and fish to an atmosphere containing a low oxygen concentration to convert oxymyoglobin on the surface of the meat and poultry to reduced myoglobin, and both oxymyoglobin and oxyhemoglobin in fish to reduced myoglobin/hemoglobin, respectively, then subjecting the fresh meat, fresh poultry and fresh fish to a modified atmosphere containing a small amount of carbon monoxide to convert the reduced myoglobin to carboxymyoglobin to a depth of not more than about 0.375 inch below the surface of the meat and poultry, and to convert the reduced myoglobin/hemoglobin to reduced carboxymyoglobin/carboxyhemoglobin in the fish. The modified atmosphere is a new composition of matter.