Abstract: A hydrocarbon middle distillate contains an additive for decreasing its cloud point, obtained by reacting an aliphatic dicarboxylic compound selected from the maleic and alkylmaleic anhydrides, the alkenylsuccinic and polyalkenylsuccinic anhydrides and the corresponding dicarboxylic acids and lower alkyl diesters with a compound of the formula:R--Z--(CH.sub.2).sub.n NH].sub.m HorHO--CH.sub.2 --R.sup.5 --NH.sub.2wherein R is a monovalent saturated aliphatic radical, Z is NR' or O, R' being hydrogen or an aliphatic radical, n is an integer from 2 to 4, m is zero or an integer from 1 to 4 and R.sup.5 is a divalent saturated aliphatic radical.

Abstract: This invention relates to processes and compositions for stabilized distillate fuel oils, such as straight-run diesel fuel, which comprise an effective stabilizing amount of (a) N-(2-aminoethyl)piperazine, (b) triethylenetetramine, and (c) N,N-diethylhydroxylamine.

Abstract: Disclosed herein are additives which are useful as dispersants and detergents in lubricating oils and fuels. In particular, this invention is directed toward polyamino alkenyl or alkyl succinimides wherein one or more of the amino nitrogens of the succinimide is substituted with ##STR1## wherein R.sub.4 is hydrocarbyl of from 1 to 30 carbon atoms; R.sub.5 is hydrocarbyl of from 2 to 30 carbon atoms or 13 R.sub.6 --(OR.sub.6).sub.p -- wherein R.sub.6 is alkylene of 2 to 5 carbon atoms and p is an integer from 1 to 100; and m is an integer of from 0 to 1.

Abstract: Hydrocarbon fuels, especially diesel fuel compositions, contain cyclic aldehyde polymers and orthoesters to reduce particulate emissions therefrom when combusted in an internal combustion engine.

Abstract: The present invention relates to a process for the degradation of a hydrocarbon, preferably jet fuel solutions, having anti-misting properties in which the hydrocarbon solution contains a copolymer of an alpha-olefin and vinyl alkylenecarboxylic acid.

Abstract: This invention relates to processes and compositions for color stabilized distillate fuel oils, such as straight-run diesel fuel, which comprises an effective color stabilizing amount of (a) N-(2-aminoethyl)piperazine and (b) N,N-diethylhydroxylamine.

Abstract: This invention relates to processes and compositions for color stabilized distillate fuel oils, such as straight-run diesel fuel, which comprises an effective color stabilizing amount of (a) triethylenetetramine and (b) N,N-diethylhydroxylamine, wherein the weight ratio of (a):(b) is at least about 1.5:3.

Abstract: A fuel composition containing an acid anhydride as an anti-knock additive.

Abstract: Disclosed herein are additives which are useful as dispersants and detergents in lubricating oils and fuels. In particular, this invention is directed toward polyamino alkenyl or alkyl succinimides wherein one or more of the amino nitrogens of the succinimide is substituted with ##STR1## wherein R.sub.4 is hydrocarbyl of from 1 to 30 carbon atoms; R.sub.5 is hydrocarbyl of from 2 to 30 carbon atoms or --R.sub.6 --(OR.sub.6).sub.p -- wherein R.sub.6 is alkylene of 2 to 5 carbon atoms and p is an integer from 1 to 100; and m is an integer of from 0 to 1.

Abstract: Gasoline of reduced combustion chamber deposit attained by addition of, as additive, a reaction product of polyoxyisopropylenediamine-maleic anhydride-N-tallow-1,3-propane diamine.

Abstract: Gasoline of reduced combusiton chamber deposits attained by addition of, as an additive, a reaction product of alpha-hydroxy omega hydroxy-poly (oxyethylene) poly (oxypropylene) poly (oxyethylene) block copolymer, maleic anhydride and N-tallow-1,3-propane diamine.

Abstract: A reaction product or additive compound comprising an ester derivative of a branched chain monocarboxylic acid, wherein said ester derivative has at least one tertiary amine group and at least one ester group. The additive compound when added to a hydrocarbyl distillate fuel in a cold flow improving effective amount produces a fuel composition having improved cold flowability.

Abstract: Engine deposits are controlled by dispensing an additive to fuel. In one aspect, the additive comprises paraffins. In another aspect, a solid form additive for dispensing fuel additive to fuel in solid form is provided by employing a structural agent which is soluble and dispersible in fuel to contain and provide dimensional stability to the additive.

Abstract: There are disclosed macrocyclic and polycyclic polyamine lubricating oil additives formed by cyclodehydration of reaction products of hydrocarbon substituted succinic anhydrides or carboxylic acids with poly 3-amino propyl compounds or by acylation of macrocyclic polyamines and polycyclic polyamines with hydrocarbon substituted succinic anhydride or carboxylic acids. These compounds are useful as dispersants and dispersants-V.I. improvers in both gasoline and diesel engine lubricating oil compositions and are also useful fuel additives.

Abstract: Aqueous carbonaceous mixtures such as water slurries of solid particulate carbonaceous materials having reduced viscosity, a stabilized network of carbonaceous materials in water and improved pumpability are obtained by using a condensation product of an aldehyde in aldehyde liberating composition, ketone and sulfur dioxide in a sulfur dioxide liberating composition as dispersant, the dispersant being present in an amount sufficient to reduce viscosity of the slurry, stabilize the network of carbonaceous materials in water and improve pumpability. An improved process for the condensation product is disclosed.

Abstract: A fuel blend comprising tall oil and mineral and/or vegetable oil, and a process for making such a fuel blend. The process comprises heating a mixture of from 10 to 90 percent crude tall oil with the balance being mineral and/or vegetable oil to a temperature ranging from 35.degree. C. to about 100.degree. C. for a period of time sufficient to agglomerate the lignin-like dispersed substances in the mixture. The agglomerated lignin-like substances are then separated from the mixture. The fuel blend of the present invention has a significantly reduced total volume of remaining solids, positively influencing the life of the fuel filters when used in internal combustion engines.

Abstract: Coal liquid fractions to be used as fuels are stabilized against gum formation and viscosity increases during storage, permitting the fuel to be burned as is, without further expensive treatments to remove gums or gum-forming materials. Stabilization is accomplished by addition of cyclohexanol or other simple inexpensive secondary and tertiary alcohols, secondary and tertiary amines, and ketones to such coal liquids at levels of 5-25% by weight with respect to the coal liquid being treated. Cyclohexanol is a particularly effective and cost-efficient stabilizer. Other stabilizers are isopropanol, diphenylmethanol, tertiary butanol, dipropylamine, triethylamine, diphenylamine, ethylmethylketone, cyclohexanone, methylphenylketone, and benzophenone. Experimental data indicate that stabilization is achieved by breaking hydrogen bonds between phenols in the coal liquid, thereby preventing or retarding oxidative coupling.

Abstract: A novel fuel composition contains methanol or methanol/gasoline blends plus, as a wear-inhibiting additive, a reaction product of polyoxyisopropylenediamine, maleic anhydride and N-alkyl-1,3-propane diamine.

Abstract: The product of reaction between an ester derivative of a branched chain monocarboxylic acid, having at least one tertiary amine group, an epoxide and an additional carboxylic acid when added to a hydrocarbyl distillate fuel in minor effective amounts provides a fuel composition having improved cold flowability.

Abstract: Apparatus and processes are disclosed for treating liquid fuels to include precious metal catalysts dispersed within a liquid which is dispersed within the fuels. The precious metal catalysts are preferably present at a level of from about 0.005 to 0.5 ppm by weight of the treated fuel, and the liquid is preferably present at a level of from about 3 to about 15% by volume of the fuel. The fuel is treated prior to introduction into a chamber for combustion.