Abstract: A method for producing a nitrobenzene compound represented by general formula (2), wherein R1 and R5 are the same or different, and each is a halogen atom or another functional group, and R2, R3, and R4 are the same or different, and each is a hydrogen atom or another functional group, comprises oxidizing an aniline compound represented by general formula (1), wherein R1, R2, R3, R4, and R5 are the same as described above, with hydrogen peroxide in the presence of a tungsten compound under an acidic condition, followed by oxidation with hydrogen peroxide under a neutral to alkaline condition.

Abstract: Described herein are compositions useful in anticancer treatment and prevention. The compositions are composed of (a) an O2-aryl substituted diazeniumdiolate and (b) an amphiphile, wherein the amount of amphiphile is sufficient to produce a liposome or micelle. The compositions described herein provide numerous advantages such as increased solubility and stability of the O2-aryl substituted diazeniumdiolate in vivo. The compositions also do not induce hypotension. Methods for using the compositions in anticancer treatment and prevention are also described herein.

Abstract: Various photochromic materials are provided that are essentially free of polymerizable unsaturated groups, and comprise: a) an indeno[2?,3?:3,4]naphtho[1,2-b]pyran; and b) an electron-withdrawing, non-conjugating group bonded at the 11-position of the indeno[2?,3?:3,4]naphtho[1,2-b]pyran. Alternative embodiments include various substituents at other positions of the indeno[2?,3?:3,4]naphtho[1,2-b]pyran.

Abstract: Polytetrahydrobenzoxazines and bistetrahydrobenzoxazines, obtainable by (A) reacting at least one diamine of the formula H2N-A-NH2 with a C1- to C12-aldehyde and a C1- to C8-alkanol at 20 to 80° C. with elimination and removal of water, (B) reacting the condensation product from (A) with a phenol which bears a long-chain substituent at 30 to 120° C., and optionally (C) heating the reaction product from (B) to 125 to 280° C. The resulting polytetrahydrobenzoxazines and bistetrahydrobenzoxazines are suitable as fuel or lubricant additives, especially as detergent additives for diesel fuels.

Abstract: The present invention relates to a process for preparing polyol esters by reacting polyols with linear or branched aliphatic monocarbocxylic acids having 3 to 20 carbon atoms, the reaction taking place in the presence of a Lewis acid comprising at least one element from groups 4 to 14 of the Periodic Table of the Elements as catalyst, and in the presence of an adsorbent, the reaction product being subjected subsequently to a steam treatment.

Abstract: A process for coproducing di- and/or polyisocyanates and glycols, comprising process stages A, B, C and E for preparing glycols and process stages A, C, D, E, F and G for preparing di- and/or polyisocyanates, which comprises accomplishing the material coupling via the separation of the reaction mixture obtained in process stage A into process stages B and C, by in process stage A, reacting an aqueous alkylene oxide with carbon dioxide to give a reaction mixture comprising alkylene carbonate, hydrolyzing a portion of the alkylene carbonate-comprising reaction mixture obtained in process stage A to glycol in process stage B, dewatering the remaining alkylene carbonate-comprising stream of the reaction mixture from process stage A in process stage C, in process stage D, synthesizing amine by hydrogenating an aromatic nitro compound or a nitrile, in process stage E, transesterifying the dewatered alkylene carbonate-comprising mixture from process stage C with a monohydroxy alcohol to give the corresponding dia

Abstract: The present invention relates to compounds of formula (I): and pharmaceutically acceptable salts thereof, wherein R1, R2, R3 and X are as defined herein. The invention also relates to pharmaceutical compositions comprising these compounds, methods of using these compounds in the treatment of various diseases and disorders, processes for preparing these compounds and intermediates useful in these processes.

Abstract: Chemically reactive carbocyanine dyes that are intramolecularly crosslinked between the 1-position and 3?-position, their bioconjugates and their uses are described. 1,3?-crosslinked carbocyanines are superior to those of conjugates of spectrally similar 1,1?-crosslinked or non-crosslinked dyes. The invention includes derivative compounds having one or more benzo nitrogens.

Abstract: The present invention provides a process for preparing cycloheptene and derivatives thereof by ring-closing metathesis of unsymmetric 1,8-dienes whose C—C double bond at the 8 position is nonterminal. Cycloheptene and the cycloheptanone, cycloheptylamine, cycloheptanecarbaldehyde, cycloheptanecarboxylic acid and cycloheptanecarbonyl chloride conversion products thereof, and the derivatives thereof, are important synthesis units for active ingredient compounds. The ring-closing metathesis is preferably performed as a reactive distillation. The unsymmetric 1,8-dienes for the ring-closing metathesis can be obtained by catalytic decarbonylation or oxidative decarboxylation from the corresponding unsaturated carboxylic acids or carboxylic acid derivatives.

Abstract: Provided is a method for producing an alcohol compound, which enables the alcohol compound to be obtained at a high yield from an amide compound or amine compound. The method for producing an alcohol compound, which is characterized by comprising allowing an alcohol in a supercritical state to act on the amide compound or amine compound in the presence of a carboxylic acid derivative to obtain the alcohol compound.

Abstract: The present invention relates to novel heterocyclic alkanol derivatives, to processes for preparing these compounds, to compositions comprising these compounds and to their use as biologically active compounds, in particular for controlling harmful microorganisms in crop protection and in the protection of materials and as plant growth regulators.

Abstract: The present invention relates to novel azetidine derivatives, processes for preparing them, pharmaceutical compositions containing them and their use as pharmaceuticals as modulators of sphingosine-1-phosphate receptors.

Abstract: The present disclosure provides a photoreactive synthetic regulator of protein function. The present disclosure further provides a light-regulated polypeptide that includes a subject synthetic regulator. Also provided are cells and membranes comprising a subject light-regulated polypeptide. The present disclosure further provides methods of modulating protein function, involving use of light.

Abstract: The present invention relates to polyamide compositions and therapies for treating cells and subjects infected with papilloma virus.

Abstract: A compound of formula wherein PROT is an amine protecting group and PROT? is hydrogen; or PROT and PROT? together with the nitrogen atom to which they are attached form a heterocyclic ring as an amine protecting group, and PROT? is a thiol protecting group, processes for its production, intermediates in their production and production of intermediates in stereoisomerically pure form, and their use for the production of pharmaceutically active compounds.

Abstract: The present invention relates to novel 4-biphenyl-substituted pyrazolidine-3,5-dione derivatives of the formula (I) in which A, D, G, W, X, Y and Z are as defined above, to a plurality of processes for the preparation and to their use as pesticides and/or herbicides and/or microbicides. Moreover, the invention relates to selective herbicidal compositions comprising both the 4-biphenyl-substituted pyrazolidine-3,5-dione derivatives of the formula (I) and a crop plant compatibility-improving compound.

Abstract: The invention provides novel inhibitors of IAP that are useful as therapeutic agents for treating malignancies where the compounds have the general formula I: wherein X, Y, A, R1, R2, R3, R4, R4?, R5, R5?, R6 and R6? are as described herein.

Abstract: Provision of a stabilized crystal of 6-(3-chloro-2-fluorobenzyl)-1-[(S)-1-hydroxymethyl-2-methylpropyl]-7-methoxy-4-oxo-1,4-dihydroquinoline-3-carboxylic acid (compound A). A crystal of compound A, which shows a particular X-ray powder diffraction pattern of a characteristic diffraction peaks at diffraction angles 2?(°) as measured by X-ray powder diffractometry.

Abstract: The invention provides a composition useful as a joint compound comprising water, a filler comprising one or more of calcium carbonate, calcium sulfate dihydrate or calcium sulfate hemihydrate, a binder and/or a biocide, wherein the composition after curing is formaldehyde-free.

Abstract: The invention relates to a process for the asymmetric transfer hydrogenation of a ketone substrate to produce as chiral secondary alcohol with an ee of greater than 85% in which an enantio-enriched chiral catalyst containing ruthenium or rhodium is used with a hydrogen donor and in which an anion exchange resin is used as a base.