Abstract: A method and apparatus for synchronizing time within a data protection system is described. In one embodiment, the method includes processing input/output activity information associated with at least one client computer, wherein the input/output activity information comprises at least one local client timestamp, determining at least one server timestamp for the at least one local client timestamp and modifying the input/output activity information with the at least one server timestamp.

Abstract: Disclosed are various embodiments of circuitry and methods for generating interpolated signals in an optical encoder. The optical encoder configurations and circuitry disclosed herein permit very high resolution reflective optical encoders in small packages to be provided. Methods of making and using such optical encoders are also disclosed. According to one embodiment, the interpolated signals are generated through the use of signal generation circuitry, peak voltage generation circuitry, reference voltage generation circuitry, slope detection circuitry, and a clocked comparator that is configured to output interpolated output pulses.

Abstract: Techniques for reducing data storage needs using continuous data protection and replication are disclosed. In one particular exemplary embodiment, the techniques may be realized as a method for reducing data storage needs using a continuous data protection and replication device comprising creating a master image of material identified by a user, generating a virtual replica of the master image on a storage area network using the continuous data protection and replication device to virtualize physical storage containing the master image, generating a copy of the virtual replica on the storage area network, and providing a virtual logical unit number to access the copy, wherein the access enables a process which requires exclusive access to content of the master image to obtain such access without requiring physical storage for an entire copy of the master image.

Abstract: A real time video stream production system includes: (a) an advertising insertion server receiving over a wide area network a real time video stream; and (b) an advertising controller, which receives the real time video stream from the advertising insertion server. The advertising controller has a user interface which allows an operator to cause advertising impression data available from an advertising server to be included in a modified video data stream presented to a media player client for display.

Abstract: A SONET network terminated by routers includes working paths and backup paths. The routers pre-establishes in their link state data bases the links in both for both the working and backup paths. However, the links involved in the backup paths are given higher costs, then the links working paths, that the routers select only the links in the working path. If there is a failure in a link in a working path, an APS arrangement provides rapid switchover of the optical links so as to substitute one or more links in the corresponding backup path. This is accomplished by changing the relative costs of the working and backup links involved, so that the routers select the backup links for their routing tables.

Abstract: A recombinant microorganism employing a bacterial pathway to produce a cyclic amino acid (e.g., coronamic acid or norcoronamic acid) and a plant enzyme (ACC oxidase) to oxidize the amino acid and produce an alkene (e.g., 1-butene or propene) is provided herein. Expression of these two biosynthetic modules in various microbial chassis will facilitate alkene production from diverse energy and carbon sources, including sugars, glycerol, CO2, CH4, H2, and sunlight.

Abstract: The present invention supports the operation of IS-IS over UDLs without the need for encapsulation of IS-IS PDUs in IP and without the need for a large-scale upgrade of the protocol in the network. The present invention also supports adjacency establishment when the return path from a router at the receive end of a to the router at the transmit end of the unidirectional link is via another unidirectional link.

Abstract: An apparatus for slew rate control using a plurality of discrete slew rate levels. The apparatus includes a load switch and a switch controller. The load switch outputs a load voltage to a load. The switch controller generates a switch control signal in response to an enable signal. The switch control signal controls operation of the load switch. The switch controller controls a slew rate of the load switch according to a plurality of discrete slew rate levels.

Abstract: In one embodiment, one or more path computation requests from path computation clients (PCCs) in a first network domain are received at a first border router (BR) arranged at the border of the first network domain and a second network domain. The first BR learns of a path computation element (PCE) in the second network domain. The PCE in the second network domain is informed of path computation information for the first network domain. One or more tunnels are established between the first BR and the PCE in the second network domain. One or more path computation requests from PCCs in the first network domain are passed from the first BR, through the one or more tunnels, to the PCE in the second network domain, to be serviced by the PCE in the second network domain using the path computation information for the first network domain.

Abstract: In one embodiment, one or more path computation requests from path computation clients (PCCs) in a first network domain are received at a first border router (BR) arranged at the border of the first network domain and a second network domain. The first BR learns of a path communication element (PCE) in the second network domain. The PCE in the second network domain is informed of path computation information for the first network domain. One or more tunnels are established between the first BR and the PCE in the second network domain. One or more path computation requests from PCCs in the first network domain are passed from the first BR, through the one or more tunnels, to the PCE in the second network domain, to be serviced by the PCE in the second network domain using the path computation information for the first network domain.

Abstract: Systems, methods, apparatus and software can implement a multipathing driver using dynamically loadable device policy modules that provide device specific functionality for providing at least one of input/output (I/O) operation scheduling, path selection, and I/O operation error analysis. Because the device policy modules include device specific functionality, various different devices from different manufacturers can be more efficiently and robustly supported.

Abstract: An apparatus for slew rate control using a plurality of discrete slew rate levels. The apparatus includes a load switch and a switch controller. The load switch outputs a load voltage to a load. The switch controller generates a switch control signal in response to an enable signal. The switch control signal controls operation of the load switch. The switch controller controls a slew rate of the load switch according to a plurality of discrete slew rate levels.

Abstract: An example embodiment of the present invention provides a process relating to the selective filtering of an LSA at a not-so-stubby-sub-area (NSSSA) border router. In one embodiment, the border router receives an LSA from another router inside the NSSSA, which might be in the access layer of the hierarchical network design model and which might use OSPF as its IGP. If the LSA is Type 1 and includes a subnet route or forwarder address, the border router floods it to its neighboring routers, regardless of whether they are inside the NSSSA. If the LSA is Type 7 and includes a host address, the border router floods it to a neighboring router if the neighboring router is inside the NSSSA, but filters the LSA if the neighboring router is outside the NSSSA, for example, in an OSPF area in the distribution layer of the hierarchical network design model.

Abstract: In one embodiment, a first path computation element (PCE) operates between first and second network domains, and is adapted to service requests from path computation clients (PCCs) in at least the first domain. In response to a backup event (e.g., failure of a second PCE), a backup PCE in the second domain may be informed of path computation information for the first domain used by the first PCE, and tunnels may be bi-directionally established between the first PCE and the backup PCE. Once the tunnels are established, the backup PCE may be advertised into the first domain, and the backup PCE may operate to load balance service requests for the first domain through the bi-directionally established tunnels.

Abstract: A method and apparatus resynchronizes a link state database (LSDB) of a non-stop forwarding (NSF) router with the LSDB of a neighboring router (“neighbor”) while maintaining an existing adjacency with the neighbor in a computer network. An out-of-band resynchronization process executes on the routers to essentially maintain the existing adjacency between the router and neighbor, rather than resetting that adjacency as defined by a conventional resynchronization approach. By keeping the adjacency “up” from the perspective of a routing protocol, such as the Open Shortest Path First routing protocol, the adjacency can be used for continued data traffic to and from the NSF router.

Abstract: In one embodiment, a first path computation element (PCE) operates between first and second network domains, and is adapted to service requests from path computation clients (PCCs) in at least the first domain. In response to a backup event (e.g., failure of a second PCE), a backup PCE in the second domain may be informed of path computation information for the first domain used by the first PCE, and tunnels may be bi-directionally established between the first PCE and the backup PCE. Once the tunnels are established, the backup PCE may be advertised into the first domain, and the backup PCE may operate to load balance service requests for the first domain through the bi-directionally established tunnels.

Abstract: An encoder with signal conditioning of an emitter drive signal is described. In one embodiment, the encoder includes a peak comparator, a pulse generator, a threshold comparator, and digital circuitry. The peak comparator outputs a peak comparator signal based on a comparison of an input sinusoidal signal stored at a first time with the input sinusoidal signal stored at a second time. The pulse generator determines a peak of the input sinusoidal signal based on the peak comparator signal. The threshold comparator compares a differential signal amplitude with a differential signal amplitude window at approximately the peak of the input sinusoidal signal. The differential signal amplitude is associated with the input sinusoidal signal. The digital circuitry generates an emitter modification signal in response to a determination that the differential signal amplitude is outside of the differential signal amplitude window.

Abstract: Fibrous combustible material such as biomass or biomass refuse is coarse chopped, dried and then may optionally loaded, transported, and unloaded. The biomass is further processed to a desired size and bulk density. Low speed knife cutters are used for cutting the fiber instead of crushing. Fibrous combustible material having a moisture content of approximately 20% and a temperature of approximately 70-80° C. is extruded between rollers and a fixed flat die, and releases glutinous juices during extrusion which enable pellet formation while also producing a polished cover to the extruded pellet during simple air cooling. A low and variable speed of 2-3 meters per second between rollers and fixed flat die is used for pelletising fibrous biomass. A desired temperature of the fixed flat die is maintained by circulating hot or cold water.

Abstract: An example embodiment of the present invention provides a process relating to the selective filtering of an LSA at a not-so-stubby-sub-area (NSSSA) border router. In one embodiment, the border router receives an LSA from another router inside the NSSSA, which might be in the access layer of the hierarchical network design model and which might use OSPF as its IGP. If the LSA is Type 1 and includes a subnet route or forwarder address, the border router floods it to its neighboring routers, regardless of whether they are inside the NSSSA. If the LSA is Type 7 and includes a host address, the border router floods it to a neighboring router if the neighboring router is inside the NSSSA, but filters the LSA if the neighboring router is outside the NSSSA, for example, in an OSPF area in the distribution layer of the hierarchical network design model.

Abstract: An encoder with signal conditioning of an emitter drive signal is described. In one embodiment, the encoder includes a peak comparator, a pulse generator, a threshold comparator, and digital circuitry. The peak comparator outputs a peak comparator signal based on a comparison of an input sinusoidal signal stored at a first time with the input sinusoidal signal stored at a second time. The pulse generator determines a peak of the input sinusoidal signal based on the peak comparator signal. The threshold comparator compares a differential signal amplitude with a differential signal amplitude window at approximately the peak of the input sinusoidal signal. The differential signal amplitude is associated with the input sinusoidal signal. The digital circuitry generates an emitter modification signal in response to a determination that the differential signal amplitude is outside of the differential signal amplitude window.