Abstract: An illuminator includes: a light-emitting element and a light-extraction layer which transmits light occurring from the light-emitting element. The light-emitting element includes a first electrode layer on the light-extraction layer side, the first electrode layer having a light transmitting property; a second electrode layer on the opposite side from the light-extraction layer; an emission layer between the first and the second electrode layers; and a feed portion disposed close to the first electrode layer, the second electrode layer, and the emission layer to apply a voltage between the first electrode layer and the second electrode layer. The light-extraction layer has a structure in which a low-refractive index layer having a relatively low refractive index and a high-refractive index layer having a higher refractive index than does the low-refractive index layer are stacked, an interface between the low-refractive index layer and the high-refractive index layer representing bump-dent features.

Abstract: This organic electroluminescent element includes: a light transmissive substrate; a light emitting stack including a first electrode, a light emitting layer, and a second electrode; and at least one light-outcoupling structure which has an uneven structure. The light emitting layer has a birefringence property with a higher refractive index in a direction parallel to a surface of the light transmissive substrate than a refractive index in a direction perpendicular to the surface of the light transmissive substrate. The uneven structure includes a plurality of protrusions which are individually allocated to some of planar matrix-like sections, and with regard to unit regions consisting of same number of sections of the planar matrix-like sections, a ratio of an area of one or more of the plurality of protrusions in a unit region is substantially constant in each unit region.

Abstract: A display apparatus includes an excitation light source that outputs excitation light; a light-emitting device including a photoluminescent layer that receives the excitation light and emits light including first light having a wavelength ?a in air, and a light-transmissive layer located on or near the photoluminescent layer; and an optical shutter on an optical path of the light emitted from the photoluminescent layer. A surface structure is defined on at least one of the photoluminescent layer and the light-transmissive layer, and the surface structure has projections or recesses or both and limits a directional angle of the first light having the wavelength ?a in air.

Abstract: A light-emitting apparatus includes; a light-emitting device including a photoluminescent layer that receives excitation light and emits light including first light having a wavelength ?a in air, and a light-transmissive layer located on or near the photoluminescent layer; and an optical fiber that receives the light from the photoluminescent layer at one end of the optical fiber and emits the received light from the other end thereof. A surface structure is defined on at least one of the photoluminescent layer and the light-transmissive layer, and the surface structure has projections or recesses or both and limits a directional angle of the first light having the wavelength ?a in air.

Abstract: The present disclosure relates to an organic electroluminescence element including: a substrate having a light transmissive property; a light diffusion layer; a light transmissive electrode; a light reflective electrode; and a light emitting layer. With regard to the first light emitting layer being the first closest light emitting layer to the light reflective electrode, the relation defined by following expression (2) is satisfied, ? [ FORMULA ? ? 1 ] ? ? ( ? m ) × ? m 4 ? ? + l + 0.1 2 ? ? m ? n m ? ( ? m ) × d m ? ? ? ( ? m ) × ? m 4 ? ? + l + 0.5 2 ? ? m ( 2 ) wherein, ?m represents the weighted average emission wavelength, Ø(?m) represents the phase shift, nm(?m) represents the average refractive index of a medium filling a space between the light reflective electrode and the first light emitting layer, and dm represents the distance from the light reflective electrode to the first light emitting layer.

Abstract: An illuminator includes a light-emitting element and a light extraction sheet which transmits light occurring from the light-emitting element. The light-emitting element includes a first electrode having a light transmitting property, a second electrode, and an emission layer between the first and second electrodes. The light extraction sheet includes a light-transmitting substrate having a first face and a second face, a first light extraction structure on the first face side of the light-transmitting substrate, and a second light extraction structure on the second face side of the light-transmitting substrate. The first light extraction structure includes a low-refractive index layer and a high-refractive index layer having a higher refractive index than the low-refractive index layer. The second light extraction structure is arranged so that light which is transmitted through the light-transmitting substrate and arrives at an incident angle of 60 to 80 degrees has an average transmittance of 20% or more.

Abstract: An illuminator includes a light-emitting element and a light extraction sheet which transmits light occurring from the light-emitting element. The light-emitting element includes a first electrode having a light transmitting property, a second electrode, and an emission layer between the first and second electrodes. The light extraction sheet includes a light-transmitting substrate having a first principal face and a second principal face, a first light extraction structure on the first principal face side of the light-transmitting substrate, and a second light extraction structure on the second principal face side of the light-transmitting substrate. The first light extraction structure includes a low-refractive index layer and a high-refractive index layer. The second light extraction structure is arranged so that light which is transmitted through the light-transmitting substrate and arrives at an incident angle of 40 degrees to 60 degrees has an average transmittance of 42% or more.

Abstract: The present disclosure relates to an organic electroluminescence element including: a substrate having a light transmissive property; a light diffusion layer; a light transmissive electrode; a light reflective electrode; and a light emitting layer. With regard to the first light emitting layer being the first closest light emitting layer to the light reflective electrode, the relation defined by following expression (2) is satisfied, ? [ FORMULA ? ? 1 ] ? ? ( ? m ) × ? m 4 ? ? + l + 0.1 2 ? ? m ? n m ? ( ? m ) × d m ? ? ? ( ? m ) × ? m 4 ? ? + l + 0.5 2 ? ? m ( 2 ) wherein, ?m represents the weighted average emission wavelength, Ø(?m) represents the phase shift, nm(?m) represents the average refractive index of a medium filling a space between the light reflective electrode and the first light emitting layer, and dm represents the distance from the light reflective electrode to the first light emitting layer.

Abstract: An optical sheet includes a light scattering layer that scatters at least a part of light incident thereon by diffraction and that includes first and second areas. Each first area is a projection. Each second area is a recess. Each of at least the projections or the recesses has a tapered shape. When a center wavelength of the light incident on the light scattering layer is ? and a refractive index of a layer that is in contact with the light scattering layer at a light emission side is n, spatial frequency components of a pattern formed by the first and second areas have a maximum peak at a spatial frequency in a range of 0.068/(?×n) or more and 2.8/(?×n) or less.

Abstract: A light-emitting device includes a photoluminescent layer that emits light containing first light, and a light-transmissive layer located on or near the photoluminescent layer. A submicron structure is defined on at least one of the photoluminescent layer and the light-transmissive layer. The submicron structure includes at least projections or recesses. The submicron structure has spatial frequency components distributed at least from more than 0 to 2/Dint(min) as determined by two-dimensional Fourier transform of a pattern of the projections or recesses and satisfies the following relationship: 0.8Dint(min)<?a/nwav-a where Dint(min) is the minimum center-to-center distance between adjacent projections or recesses, ?a is the wavelength of the first light in air, and nwav-a is the refractive index of the photoluminescent layer for the first light.

Abstract: A light-emitting device includes a photoluminescent layer that emits light containing first light, a light-transmissive layer located on or near the photoluminescent layer, a low-refractive-index layer and a high-refractive-index layer. A submicron structure is defined on the photoluminescent layer and/or the light-transmissive layer. The low-refractive-index layer is located on or near the photoluminescent layer so that the photoluminescent layer is located between the low-refractive-index layer and light-transmissive layer. The high-refractive-index layer is located on or near the low-refractive-index layer so that the low-refractive-index layer is located between the high-refractive-index layer and the photoluminescent layer.

Abstract: A light-emitting device includes a photoluminescent layer that emits light containing first light, a light-transmissive layer located on or near the photoluminescent layer, and one or more reflectors. A submicron structure is defined on at least one of the photoluminescent layer and the light-transmissive layer. The one or more reflector are located outside the submicron structure. The submicron structure includes at least projections or recesses and satisfies the following relationship: ?a/nwav-a<Dint<?a where Dint is a center-to-center distance between adjacent projections or recesses, ?a is the wavelength of the first light in air, and nwav-a is the refractive index of the photoluminescent layer for the first light.

Abstract: An optical sheet includes a light scattering layer that scatters at least a part of light incident thereon by diffraction and that includes first and second areas. Each first area is a projection. Each second area is a recess. Each of at least the projections or the recesses has a tapered shape. When a center wavelength of the light incident on the light scattering layer is ? and a refractive index of a layer that is in contact with the light scattering layer at a light emission side is n, spatial frequency components of a pattern formed by the first and second areas have a maximum peak at a spatial frequency in a range of 0.068/(?×n) or more and 2.8/(?×n) or less.