Abstract: An endoscope includes a first lens barrel having a brazing surface in at least a brazing portion thereof, and supporting an optical window member brazed thereon, and a second lens barrel arranged to be proximal with respect to the optical window member and supporting optical members on the inner circumference thereof. At least a distal end surface of one of the second lens barrel, a diaphragm member, a spacer ring, and the optical members has light reflectance lower than that of the brazing surface of the first lens barrel. At least the inner circumference of the second lens barrel has a light reflectance lower than that of the brazing surface of the first lens barrel or has a reflection surface more irregular than the brazing surface of the first lens barrel.

Abstract: An object of this invention is to provide a magnetic recording medium in which its S/Nm (output/medium noise ratio) is improved. This magnetic recording medium is comprised of a first foundation layer made of alloy material composed of mainly Cr with added B, a second foundation layer made of alloy material in which Mo is mixed in Cr, an intermediate layer made of alloy material composed of mainly Co with added Cr and Ta, a lower magnetic layer and an upper magnetic layer made of alloy material composed of mainly Co with added Cr, Pt, B and a protective film composed of mainly C, these layers being formed in this order from the bottom.

Abstract: A magnetic recording medium having a high normalized coercive force of a ferromagnetic metal layer and excellent S/N ration and adaptable to high density recording. The magnetic recording medium comprises a substrate body and a Co-based ferromagnetic metal layer formed thereon via a metallic underlying layer. The oxygen concentrations in the metallic underlying layer and in the ferromagnetic metal layer are not larger that 100 wt ppm. Magnetic in version is used for the recording. The value of 4ΠMs/Hkgrain is the saturation magnetization of the ferromagnetic metal layer and Hkgrain is the anisotropic magnetic field of the individual crystalline particles constituting the ferromagnetic metal layer is 1 or less.

Abstract: A power generation apparatus includes a permanent-magnet AC generator, a first converter for converting AC power into DC power, and a second converter for converting the DC power produced by the first converter into AC power. The first converter includes a unit for controlling active power and a unit for controlling reactive power and the second converter includes a unit for controlling a voltage of a DC system and reactive power or AC voltage of a power system.

Abstract: An apparatus for controlling a synchronous generator having a converter. A voltage detector detects a terminal voltage of a stator of the synchronous generator. A current detector detects a current flowing through the stator. A rotor position estimating part estimates a rotor position of the synchronous generator from the detected voltage and current. An active power detector detects a active power of the synchronous generator. A reactive power detector detects a reactive power of the synchronous generator or a terminal voltage detector detects an effective value of a terminal voltage of the stator. An active power controller adjusts a q-axis current command to control the active power, and a reactive power controller or terminal voltage controller adjusts a d-axis current command to control the reactive power or terminal voltage.

Abstract: A magnetic recording medium includes a non-magnetic substrate, a first non-magnetic control layer disposed above the substrate, a soft magnetic layer disposed above the first control layer, and a second non-magnetic control layer disposed above the soft magnetic layer. A primary magnetic layer is disposed above the second control layer.

Abstract: A magnetic storage medium includes a magnetic layer of a Co alloy of a system Co—Cr—Pt—B—Cu, wherein the magnetic layer has a thickness t and a remnant magnetic flux density Br satisfying a relationship (t×Br) 2.0 nT·m≦(t×Br)≦7.0 nT·m, wherein the Co alloy contains, in addition to Co, Cr with a concentration &bgr; of 20-26 at % (20 at %≦&bgr;≦26 at %), Pt with a concentration &ggr; of 6-20 at % (6 at %≦&ggr;≦20 at %), B with a concentration &dgr; of 1-7 at % (1 at %≦&dgr;≦7 at %), and Cu with a concentration &egr; of 2-7 at % (2 at %≦&egr;≦7 at %).

Abstract: A power generation apparatus includes a permanent-magnet AC generator, a first converter for converting AC power into DC power, and a second converter for converting the DC power produced by the first converter into AC power. The first converter includes a unit for controlling active power and a unit for controlling reactive power and the second converter includes a unit for controlling a voltage of a DC system and reactive power or AC voltage of a power system.

Abstract: A power generation apparatus includes a permanent-magnet AC generator, a first converter for converting AC power into DC power, and a second converter for converting the DC power produced by the first converter into AC power. The first converter includes a unit for controlling active power and a unit for controlling reactive power and the second converter includes a unit for controlling a voltage of a DC system and reactive power or AC voltage of a power system.

Abstract: A power generation apparatus includes a permanent-magnet AC generator, a first converter for converting AC power into DC power, and a second converter for converting the DC power produced by the first converter into AC power. The first converter includes a unit for controlling active power and a unit for controlling reactive power and the second converter includes a unit for controlling a voltage of a DC system and reactive power or AC voltage of a power system.

Abstract: A magnetic recording medium includes a substrate; and a recording layer and a protection layer which are provided upward of the substrate, wherein the recording layer includes a magnetic layer; and the magnetic layer includes an additive chemical element selected from a CoCrPt group alloy and a group comprising and chemical elements in which a standard electrode electric potential is negative and platinum group chemical elements other than Pt.

Abstract: An object of this invention is to provide a magnetic recording medium in which its S/Nm (output/medium noise ratio) is improved. This magnetic recording medium is comprised of a first foundation layer made of alloy material composed of mainly Cr with added B, a second foundation layer made of alloy material in which Mo is mixed in Cr, an intermediate layer made of alloy material composed of mainly Co with added Cr and Ta, a lower magnetic layer and an upper magnetic layer made of alloy material composed of mainly Co with added Cr, Pt, B and a protective film composed of mainly C, these layers being formed in this order from the bottom.

Abstract: An apparatus for controlling a synchronous generator having a converter. A voltage detector detects a terminal voltage of a stator of the synchronous generator. A current detector detects a current flowing through the stator. A rotor position estimating part estimates a rotor position of the synchronous generator from the detected voltage and current. An active power detector detects an active power of the synchronous generator. A reactive power detector detects a reactive power of the synchronous generator or a terminal voltage detector detects an effective value of a terminal voltage of the stator. An active power controller adjusts a q-axis current command to control the active power, and a reactive power controller or terminal voltage controller adjusts a d-axis current command to control the reactive power or terminal voltage.

Abstract: A composition has a durability to a sterilization treatment using vapor under high temperature and pressure and capable of transmitting or absorbing light. The composition comprises a group A including 15 to 23 mol % of lanthanum oxide, 3 to 8 mol % of gadolinium oxide, 3 to 8 mol % of tantalum oxide, and 8 mol % or less of yttrium oxide; a group B including 30 to 45 mol % of boron oxide, 20 mol % or less of silicon oxide, and 20 mol % or less of germanium oxide; zero mol % of alkaline metal oxide or alkaline earth metal oxide; and a group D including 0.3 to 15 mol % of niobium oxide and 3 to 15 mol % of zirconium oxide. A mol % ratio A/B between the group A and group B is 80% or more, and a dissolving-out rate of metal ion of the composition is 0.002×10−6 mol/hour or less per square centimeter.

Abstract: An apparatus for controlling a synchronous generator having a converter. A voltage detector detects a terminal voltage of a stator of the synchronous generator. A current detector detects a current flowing through the stator. A rotor position estimating part estimates a rotor position of the synchronous generator from the detected voltage and current. An active power detector detects a active power of the synchronous generator. A reactive power detector detects a reactive power of the synchronous generator or a terminal voltage detector detects an effective value of a terminal voltage of the stator. An active power controller adjusts a q-axis current command to control the active power, and a reactive power controller or terminal voltage controller adjusts a d-axis current command to control the reactive power or terminal voltage.

Abstract: An apparatus for controlling a synchronous generator having a converter. A voltage detector detects a terminal voltage of a stator of the synchronous generator. A current detector detects a current flowing through the stator. A rotor position estimating part estimates a rotor position of the synchronous generator from the detected voltage and current. An active power detector detects a active power of the synchronous generator. A reactive power detector detects a reactive power of the synchronous generator or a terminal voltage detector detects an effective value of a terminal voltage of the stator. An active power controller adjusts a q-axis current command to control the active power, and a reactive power controller or terminal voltage controller adjusts a d-axis current command to control the reactive power or terminal voltage.

Abstract: A magnetic recording medium for high areal recording density that has excellent thermal fluctuation resistance and recording/reproduction characteristics, and a method of producing the same. The magnetic recording medium includes a glass substrate, an NiP layer having an oxide film on its surface provided on the glass substrate, a ground layer provided on the NiP layer, and a nonmagnetic intermediate layer provided on the ground layer. The magnetic recording medium further includes an exchange layer structure composed of a ferromagnetic layer and a nonmagnetic coupling layer provided on the nonmagnetic intermediate layer, and a magnetic recording layer provided on the exchange layer structure. The oxide film on the NiP layer is formed by introducing a small quantity of oxygen into a vacuum chamber of a sputter device. The formation and oxidation of the NiP layer are conducted at a temperature of not less than 140° C.

Abstract: A composition has a durability to a sterilization treatment using vapor under high temperature and pressure and capable of transmitting or absorbing light. The composition comprises a group A including 15 to 23 mol % of lanthanum oxide, 3 to 8 mol % of gadolinium oxide, 3 to 8 mol % of tantalum oxide, and 8 mol % or less of yttrium oxide; a group B including 30 to 45 mol % of boron oxide, 20 mol % or less of silicon oxide, and 20 mol % or less of germanium oxide; zero mol % of alkaline metal oxide or alkaline earth metal oxide; and a group D including 0.3 to 15 mol % of niobium oxide and 3 to 15 mol % of zirconium oxide. A mol % ratio A/B between the group A and group B is 80% or more, and a dissolving-out rate of metal ion of the composition is 0.002×10−6 mol/hour or less per square centimeter.

Abstract: A magnetic recording medium which is thermally stable and produces low media noise. By providing a plurality of intermediate layers made of a CoCr alloy of which saturation magnetic flux densities are controlled within a predetermined range, the magnetic recording medium simultaneously realizes both a high S/Nm and thermal stability.

Abstract: A power generation apparatus includes a permanent-magnet AC generator, a first converter for converting AC power into DC power, and a second converter for converting the DC power produced by the first converter into AC power. The first converter includes a unit for controlling active power and a unit for controlling reactive power and the second converter includes a unit for controlling a voltage of a DC system and reactive power or AC voltage of a power system.