Abstract: An observation optical system for endoscopes configured so as to allow observation of objects located in liquids, comprising an objective lens system and relay lenses for relaying an image formed by the objective lens system, and satisfies the following conditions (1) and (2):0.08.ltoreq.N.sub.w .multidot.f tan [sin.sup.-1 {(1/N.sub.w) sin .theta..sub.Al }]/I.sub.1 .ltoreq.1.18 (1)0.9.ltoreq.N.sub.w .multidot.f.multidot.tan[sin.sup.-1 {(1/N.sub.w) sin .theta..sub.A0.5 }]/I.sub.0.5 .ltoreq.1.1 (2)wherein the reference symbol f represents a focal length of the objective lens system, the reference symbol N.sub.w designates a refractive index of a liquid, the reference symbols .theta..sub.Al and .theta..sub.A0.5 denote field angles at the maximum image height and a half of the maximum image height in water respectively, and the reference symbols I.sub.1 and I.sub.0.5 represent a maximum image height and a half of the maximum image height.

Abstract: An objective lens system for endoscopes comprising, in order from the object side, a front lens unit having a negative refractive power, an aperture stop and a rear lens unit having a positive refractive power. This objective lens system is compact, comprises a small number of lens elements and favorably corrected aberrations, especially chromatic aberration, owing to a fact that at least one graded refractive index lens component is used in the front lens unit or the rear lens unit.

Abstract: In order to provide a vacuum degreasing-drying method by which extremely small, precision metal products can be degreased and dried quickly and completely without using organic solvents, according to the present invention, an object 112 to be rinsed is put in a vacuum drier 110 after being rinsed with a hydrocarbon cleaning agent and then the air in the vacuum drier 110 is evacuated so as to degrease and dry the object thus rinsed.

Abstract: A work management system has input means having a function of inputting coordinate information from the surface of a panel, output means having a function of projecting electronic information onto the panel, and data processing means for executing a predetermined processing, e.g., preparation and input processing of a form, a chart or a drawing, retrieval, editing, totalization, etc., by establishing a correspondence between the information projected on the panel by using the output means and the coordinate information input from the input means. The data processing means displays a list of registered items to be designated in a window for selection of one of the items, whereas, when coordinate information is input from two points for an entry column for time setting, the data processing means draws a bar between the two points. Control information which is conformable to working hours of equipment at a work site, e.g.

Abstract: An editing apparatus has a storage unit in which a plurality of recorded media, such as, tape cassettes, are stored at respective storage positions, a first memory for storing data identifying the recorded media in the storage unit and data representing the respective storage positions thereof, a playback device for reproducing information signals from recorded media at a loaded position therein, a recording device for recording on a recording medium, such as, another tape cassette, the information signals reproduced by the playback device, a second memory for storing the data identifying the recorded media loaded in the playback device, a transport device for carrying the recorded media between the respective storage positions in the storage unit and the loaded position in the playback device with the data stored in the first and second memories being updated in response to operations of the transport device, and a control system by which operations of the transport device are controlled in accordance with i

Abstract: A multichannel digital signal processor includes a plurality of sets of analog-to-digital (A/D) and digital-to-analog (D/A) conversion portions. Predetermined ones of the plurality of A/D and D/A conversion portions are selected in accordance with processing steps or with the required precision of the digital signal processing.

Abstract: An image transmission optical system wherein a lens unit serving for relaying an image for a unit relaying distance consists of two bar shaped cemented lens components, and each of said lens components consists of a bar-shaped lens element and two lens elements which are cemented to both the end surfaces of the bar-shaped lens element respectively of said bar-shaped lens element and have a refractive index higher than that of the bar-shaped lens element. This image transmission optical system comprises a small number of air-contact surfaces and has favorably corrected aberrations.

Abstract: An optical system for endoscopes comprising a light source and a condenser optical system for focusing the light emitted from said light source, and adapted so as to lead the light emitted from said light source to be incident through said condenser optical system onto light guides having different NA's, said condenser optical system being equipped with a means capable of varying or adjusting NA of the light emerging from said condenser optical system in conjunction with NA of a light guide selected for use. This optical system for endoscopes permits matching NA of the emerging light bundle with the NA of the selected light guide by using the adjusting means, thereby improving light distribution characteristic and transmission efficiency.

Abstract: An image transmission optical system wherein a lens unit serving for relaying an image for a unit relaying distance consists of two bar-shaped cemented lens components, and each of said lens components consists of a bar-shaped lens element and two lens elements which are cemented to both the end surfaces of said bar-shaped lens element respectively of said bar-shaped lens element and have a refractive index higher than that of said bar-shaped lens element. This image transmission optical system comprises a small number of air-contact surfaces and has favorably corrected aberrations.

Abstract: A method and apparatus for testing an integrated electronic device wherein the integrated electronic device to be tested is placed on a sample table. A predetermined position of the integrated electronic device is irradiated with the primary charged beam. A substrate current flowing through a substrate of the integrated electronic device is measured upon radiation of the primary charged beam, and then a potential of the predetermined position irradiated with the primary charged beam is nondestructively measured in accordance with secondary electrons emitted from the predetermined position. A function of the integrated electronic device is evaluated in accordance with the substrate current and the predetermined position potential. The function to be evaluated includes leakage characteristics and a capacitance.

Abstract: A jaw clutch coupling mechanism in which spline grooves serving as ball drop-in portions of the clutch are provided with a semi-spherical ball support recess to be engaged with a steel ball by way of linear or surface contact for enhancing the strength of the jaw clutch. A stopper is provided in the shift lever link mechanism to hold the shift lever securely in the forward, neutral or reverse position, and a shock absorber is provided in association with the shifter arm of the jaw clutch to dampen the shocks of engagement of the clutch, ensuring a better feeling in shift lever operations.

Abstract: A charged beam radiation apparatus includes an auxiliary charged beam emitting mechanism, a main charged beam emitting mechanism, a secondary electron detector, and a computer as a controller. The auxiliary charged beam emitting mechanism emits an auxiliary charged beam of a given acceleration voltage onto a predetermined portion of an electronic device to be measured. The main charged beam emitting mechanism emits a main charged beam of an acceleration voltage lower than that of the auxiliary charged beam onto the predetermined portion and the vicinity of the predetermined portion. The secondary electron detector detects secondary electrons generated from a portion irradiated by the main charged beam. The controller measures a change in a secondary electron signal from the secondary electron detector.

Abstract: An optical system for endoscopes is provided with an inhomogeneous lens configured, as a relay lens, so that refractive index reduces progressively in going from a center portion toward a periphery and at least one of an entrance end face and an exit end face satisfies the following condition:0.15 P<C<0.35 Pwhere P is the pitch of the inhomogeneous lens and C is distance from the entrance end face or the exit end face of the inhomogeneous lens to the imaging position closest to the end face in the lens. The optical system for endoscopes is low in manufacturing cost and allows a favorable image of an object to be observed in a clear field of view without being adversely affected by dirt and burr.

Abstract: A method and apparatus for testing an integrated electronic device wherein the integrated electronic device to be tested is placed on a sample table. A predetermined position of the integrated electronic device is irradiated with the primary charged beam. A substrate current flowing through a substrate of the integrated electronic device is measured upon radiation of the primary charged beam, and then a potential of the predetermined position irradiated with the primary charged beam is nondestructively measured in accordance with secondary electrons emitted from the predetermined position. A function of the integrated electronic device is evaluated in accordance with the substrate current and the predetermined position potential. The function to be evaluated include leakage characteristics and a capacitance.

Abstract: An illumination optical system consisting of a small number of lens components and having a very uniform light distribution characteristic wherein a light source having a two-dimensional extent, a positive lens system so arranged as to locate the front focal point thereof in the vicinity of the light source and having at least one aspherical surface, and a surface to be illuminated are arranged.

Abstract: A TV camera for endoscopes comprising an image guide fiber bundle, an imaging optical system and an image sensor, used for focusing an image formed on the end surface of the image guide fiber bundle onto the imaging surface of the image sensor by the imaging optical system, and so adapted as to adjust diameter of the circle of confusion on the optimum image plane of the imaging optical system or the position of an image formed by the imaging optical system.

Abstract: In a characteristic test apparatus for an electronic device, a number of voltage supply beams are radiated onto predetermined irradiation positions of the electronic device placed on a sample table. In addition, a potential measuring beam is radiated onto a number of irradiation positions including the predetermined irradiation positions of the voltage supply beams. A secondary electron signal based on the potential measuring beam is detected to measure a potential. When the irradiation position of the potential measuring beam coincides with that of the voltage supply beam, the voltage supply beam is controlled to adjust a potential at the irradiation position to a set value by controlling, e.g., an acceleration power source for the voltage supply beam. When the irradiation position of the potential measuring beam is different from that of the voltage supply beam, a potential at this position is measured.

Abstract: A light control apparatus for a vehicle is integrated with headlamp driving relays, a light sensor, a lighting switch which selects a manual mode or an automatic mode, and a control unit which controls the relays in accordance with the light sensor output when the lighting switch selects the automatic mode and turns on or off the headlamps. Two power source systems and two headlamp driving systems are provided. The signal level of a given terminal of the control unit is detected and is input to the microcomputer of the control unit. The microcomputer judges whether or not trouble has occurred by detecting a level difference. An alarm indication is given by a lamp or a buzzer if trouble is detected.

Abstract: This is a non-uniform resistance heating tube constituting a simulated nuclear fuel cluster in a heat transfer test facility for nuclear reactor. This resistance heating tube has a fixed outside diameter and its thickness is molded so that an electric resistance distribution changes continuously corresponding to the power distribution state of nuclear fuel rod in the axial direction of the tube. This resistance heating tube can be obtained by drawing an original pipe, rolling it into an axially uniform thick, then grinding its outer surface so that its thickness becomes non-uniform continuously in the axial direction of the tube, and thereafter smoothing the outer surface of the tube by swaging so that its outside diameter becomes uniform.