Abstract: A surface coated cermet cutting tool comprising a tool body and a hard coating layer formed on the surface of the tool body, wherein the hard coating layer has a lower layer of a titanium compound layer and an upper layer of property-modified ? type Al2O3 layer that has a crystal grain boundary orientation determined using a field emission type scanning electron microscope and an electron back-scattered diffraction pattern imaging device such that crystal grain boundary units of not less than 45% of all the grain boundaries show intersection angles of 15° or less between normals of (0001) planes and between normals of {10-10} planes, where a crystal grain boundary unit is a crystal grain boundary of adjacent pair of crystal grains.

Abstract: A surface-coated cutting tool comprising: a hard substrate; a lower layer which is formed on a surface of the hard substrate, contains a composite compound consisting of at least one element selected from Ti and Al, and at least one element selected from N and C, and has an average thickness of 0.1 to 3 ?m; and an upper layer having an average thickness of 1 to 13 ?m, which is formed on the lower layer and having a texture in which fine grains of crystalline Ti (C,N) based compounds or fine grains of crystalline (Ti, Al)(C, N) based compounds are dispersively distributed in a matrix of a carbon based amorphous material containing W.

Abstract: In a surface-coated cutting tool, (a) a Ti compound layer as a lower layer and (b) an ?-type Al2O3 layer as an upper layer having a crystal grain structure of an even polygonal shape (including an even hexagonal shape) and an elongate shape and containing Zr are deposited on the surface of a tool substrate. In the surface-coated cutting tool, the above mentioned crystal grains of which insides are divided by at least one crystal lattice interface with the constituent atom covalent lattice point type expressed by ?3 occupying 60% or more as an area ratio in the crystal grains of the upper layer.

Abstract: In a surface-coated cutting tool, (a) a Ti compound layer as a lower layer and (b) an ?-type Al2O3 layer as an upper layer having a crystal grain structure of an even polygonal shape (including an even hexagonal shape) and an elongate shape and containing Zr are deposited on the surface of a tool substrate. In the surface-coated cutting tool, the above mentioned crystal grains of which insides are divided by at least one crystal lattice interface with the constituent atom covalent lattice point type expressed by ?3 occupying 60% or more as an area ratio in the crystal grains of the upper layer.

Abstract: A surface-coated cermet cutting tool is formed by depositing on a surface of a tool substrate a hard-coating layer composed of the following layers (a) and (b): (a) the lower layer is composed of one or more layers of TiC, TiN, TiCN, TiCO, and TiCNO and has a total average layer thickness in the range of 3 to 20 ?m, and (b) the upper layer is an aluminum oxide layer having an ?-type crystal structure when chemically deposited and has an average layer thickness in the range of 1 to 15 ?m. In the case of the upper layer, the reformed ?-Al2O3 layer shows distribution graphs of covalent lattice points of constituent atoms, which shows distribution ratios of individual ?N+1 to total ?N+1, having the highest peak at ?3 and showing the distribution ratios of ?3 to total ?N+1 in the range of 60 to 80%.

Abstract: A surface-coated cutting tool comprising: a hard substrate; a lower layer which is formed on a surface of the hard substrate, contains a composite compound consisting of at least one element selected from Ti and Al, and at least one element selected from N and C, and has an average thickness of 0.1 to 3 ?m; and an upper layer having an average thickness of 1 to 13 ?m, which is formed on the lower layer and having a texture in which fine grains of crystalline Ti (C,N) based compounds or fine grains of crystalline (Ti, Al)(C, N) based compounds are dispersively distributed in a matrix of a carbon based amorphous material containing W.

Abstract: A surface-coated cermet cutting tool with a hard coating layer in a high-speed intermittent cutting work is provided. The hard-coating layer includes lower and upper layers. One of the lower layers is a titanium carbonitride layer, which has the highest peak in ?3 and a distribution ratio of the ?3 to ?N+1 ranges 60% to 80% in the atom sharing lattice point distribution graph.

Abstract: A surface-coated cermet cutting tool with a hard coating layer is provided. The surface-coated cermet cutting tool is formed by coating, on a surface of a tool substrate, the hard-coating layer which includes an upper layer and a lower layer. The lower layer contains titanium compound layers and the upper layer contains an Al2O3 layer. One layer of the titanium compound layers in the lower layer includes a TiCN layer which has an average layer thickness of 2.5 to 15 ?m and indicates a tilt-angle frequency distribution graph in which the highest peak exists in a tilt angle section ranging 0 to 10° and the total sum of frequencies existing in the range of 0 to 10° occupies a ratio of 45% or more of the total frequencies in the tilt-angle frequency distribution graph.

Abstract: A surface coated cermet cutting tool comprising a tool body and a hard coating layer formed on the surface of the tool body, wherein the hard coating layer has a lower layer of a titanium compound layer and an upper layer of property-modified ? type A12O3 layer that has a crystal grain boundary orientation determined using a field emission type scanning electron microscope and an electron back-scattered diffraction pattern imaging device such that crystal grain boundary units of not less than 45% of all the grain boundaries show intersection angles of 15° or less between normals of (0001) planes and between normals of {10-10} planes, where a crystal grain boundary unit is a crystal grain boundary of adjacent pair of crystal grains.

Abstract: A flaw detection apparatus for a wire rope of an elevator according to the present invention, which is intended for a wire rope having a nominal diameter of 4 mm to 8 mm, includes a plurality of unit probes 9. Each of the unit probes 9 has a first and a second magnetic poles 10a and 10b of different polarity, and a magnetic sensor 11 of a U-shape disposed between the first magnetic pole 10a and the second magnetic pole 10b. A bottom radius of the magnetic sensor 11 is in a range of 2 mm to 5 mm. A difference between the bottom radius of the magnetic sensor 11 and a half of the nominal diameter of a wire rope 1 is equal to or less than 1.5 mm.

Abstract: A flexible material processing rotation tool that executes processing against a target material composed of flexible material, and which is characterized by forming or more cutting blade protrusions on the surface of the substrate so that they project upward, formation of an inclined surface on the surface of cutting blade protrusion and formation of cutting blade ridge at the section that projects most upward from among the ridge areas of inclined surface, and by arrangement so that a portion of the inclined surfaces of cutting blade protrusions facing at least in one direction of the circumferential direction of the rotation of the substrate, and arrangement of at least a portion of the remaining inclined surfaces of cutting blade protrusions in at least the other direction of the circumferential direction of the rotation of the substrate.

Abstract: A surface-coated cermet cutting tool is formed by depositing on a surface of a tool substrate a hard-coating layer composed of the following layers (a) and (b): (a) the lower layer is composed of one or more layers of TiC, TiN, TiCN, TiCO, and TiCNO and has a total average layer thickness in the range of 3 to 20 ?m, and (b) the upper layer is an aluminum oxide layer having an ?-type crystal structure when chemically deposited and has an average layer thickness in the range of 1 to 15 ?m. In the case of the upper layer, the reformed ?-Al2O3 layer shows distribution graphs of covalent lattice points of constituent atoms, which shows distribution ratios of individual ?N+1 to total ?N+1, having the highest peak at ?3 and showing the distribution ratios of ?3 to total ?N+1 in the range of 60 to 80%.

Abstract: Coating layers of low-friction coating materials helping a rotating action generated on ropes are provided on surfaces of grooves formed on an outer peripheral surface of a base of a sheave. Thus, difference in tension between the ropes can be solved, generation of twist on the ropes can be prevented, and deterioration of portions of the ropes which are in contact with the sheave can be prevented to extend the lifetime of the ropes.

Abstract: A surface-coated cermet cutting tool with a hard coating layer in a high-speed intermittent cutting work is provided. The hard-coating layer includes lower and upper layers. One of the lower layers is a titanium carbonitride layer, which has the highest peak in ?3 and a distribution ratio of the ?3 to ?N+1 ranges 60% to 80% in the atom sharing lattice point distribution graph.

Abstract: A surface-coated cermet cutting tool with a hard coating layer is provided. The surface-coated cermet cutting tool is formed by coating, on a surface of a tool substrate, the hard-coating layer which includes an upper layer and a lower layer. The lower layer contains titanium compound layers and the upper layer contains an Al2O3 layer. One layer of the titanium compound layers in the lower layer includes a TiCN layer which has an average layer thickness of 2.5 to 15 ?m and indicates a tilt-angle frequency distribution graph in which the highest peak exists in a tilt angle section ranging 0 to 10° and the total sum of frequencies existing in the range of 0 to 10° occupies a ratio of 45% or more of the total frequencies in the tilt-angle frequency distribution graph.

Abstract: A side thruster of a flying object of the invention is provided with a solid gas generating agent, a nozzle arranged in a direction perpendicular to an axis of the flying object, a tube body for flowing the gas generated in accordance with a combustion of the solid gas generating agent to the nozzle, the solid gas generating agent being arranged around the tube body, a plurality of orifices provided on a peripheral wall of the tube body along its circumferential direction and capable of injecting the gas generated in accordance with the combustion of the solid gas generating agent toward an axis of the tube body, and a valve provided within the tube body and rotatable around the axis of the tube body so as to open and close the plurality of orifices.

Abstract: A coated cemented carbide endmill comprises a tungsten carbide based cemented carbide substrate comprising 5-20% Co as a binder phase forming component, optionally 0.1-2% of Cr and/or V as a binder phase forming component, optionally 0.1-5% of one or more of (Ti, Ta, Nb, Zr) C·N as a dispersed phase forming component, and the balance being WC as the dispersed phase forming component and inevitable impurities. The WC has a fine grained structure having an average grain size of 0.1-1.5 &mgr;m, the cemented carbide substrate has a reaction-created surface layer formed on the surface portion thereof which is formed by heating at high temperature and in which ComWnC is distributed over a thickness of 0.1-2 &mgr;m thereof, and further the substrate has coated layers composed of a Ti compound layer. Optionally, an Al2O3 layer is formed thereon with an average layer thickness of 0.5-4.

Abstract: A coated hard alloy blade member is disclosed which includes a substrate formed of a hard alloy of a WC-based cemented carbide or a TiCN-based cermet, and a hard coating deposited on the substrate. The hard coating includes an inner layer of TiCN having unilaterally grown crystals of an elongated shape and an outer layer of Al.sub.2 O.sub.3 having a crystal form .kappa. or .kappa.+.alpha. wherein .kappa.>.alpha.. The resulting blade member is highly resistant to wear and fracturing, and possesses cutting ability of a higher level.

Abstract: A coated hard alloy blade member is disclosed which includes a substrate formed of a hard alloy of a WC-based cemented carbide or a TiCN-based cermet, and a hard coating deposited on the substrate. The hard coating includes an inner layer of TiCN having unilaterally grown crystals of an elongated shape and an outer layer of Al.sub.2 O.sub.3 having a crystal form .kappa. or .kappa.+.alpha. wherein .kappa.>.alpha.. The resulting blade member is highly resistant to wear and fracturing, and possesses cutting ability of a higher level.

Abstract: A jetavator rotatably installed to a nozzle exit of a rocket engine in order to control the thrust direction of the engine. The jetavator is generally in a hollow frustoconical shape and comprises a heat-resistant layer, a heat insulating layer and a reinforcing layer which are laminated one upon another. The heat-resistant layer is formed with a plurality of slits through which it is divided into a plurality of parts. Each slit is formed passing from the inner peripheral surface to the outer peripheral surface of the heat-resistant layer. Each slit is closed with a backplate which extends along the slit.