Abstract: A first diffused layer and a second diffused layer are formed on the major surface of a silicon substrate. A first insulating layer, a second insulating layer or a semiconductor layer, and a third insulating layer are laminated on the major surface of the silicon substrate in the vicinity of the first diffused layer or the second diffused layer and are partially formed. A fourth insulating layer is formed as a gate insulating film. A fifth insulating layer is formed on the side walls of the second insulating layer or the semiconductor layer. In a region of most of a channel, the gate insulating film is formed and a gate electrode is formed so that it covers the gate insulating film and the laminated films. According to this structure, the operating voltage of a flash memory is reduced, the operation is easily sped up and the holding characteristic of information charge can be enhanced.

Abstract: A first insulating layer, a second insulating layer, a third insulating layer, a first conductive layer, and an oxidation inhibitor film are successively deposited on a surface of a semiconductor substrate. After the oxidation inhibitor film and the first conductive layer are processed into strips, the assembly is thermally oxidized using the oxidation inhibitor film and the first conductive layer as a mask, thus forming thermal oxide films on first and second diffused layers. Then, a second conductive film is formed over the thermal oxide films and the first conductive layer, and then processed into a desired shape thereby to form an interconnection layer.

Abstract: Nonvolatile memory elements are disclosed which can have increased capacity, reduced operating voltage and/or faster operating speeds. According to one embodiment, a nonvolatile memory element can include a first diffusion layer (2) and a second diffusion layer (3) formed in a main surface of a substrate (1). A laminate film can be formed near a first diffusion layer (2) and/or a second diffusion layers (3) that includes a first insulating film (4a or 4), a second insulating film (5a or 5), and a third insulating film (6a or 6). A gate insulating film (7) can be formed a channel region and gate electrode (8) can be formed to cover gate insulating film (7) and the laminate film(s) that has a T-shape. A gate electrode (8) can have end portions that sandwich a first insulating film (4a or 4), a second insulating film (5a or 5), and a third insulating film (6a or 6) with a first diffusion layer (2) and/or second diffusion layer (3).

Abstract: A motor rotary shaft according to the present invention is constructed only at the surface layer of a journal portion with a hard nitride layer, so that the resultant motor rotary shaft is available at a low cost, not so heavy and excellent in durability in comparison with a case employing a hard material for the whole motor rotary shaft. Also, a method of manufacturing a motor rotary shaft according to the present invention employs fluorinating process prior to nitriding process to change a passive coat layer such as oxide layer on the surface of the journal portion to a fluoride layer, which protects the same surface. Therefore, even when there is space of time between formation of fluoride on the surface of the journal portion and nitriding process, the fluoride layer protects and keeps the surface of the journal portion in a favorable condition, resulting in that re-formation of oxide layer on that surface is prevented.

Abstract: There are included a fractionating tower for liquefying and separating the compressed air cooled by heat exchangers to an ultralow temperature, a liquid oxygen takeout path for guiding the liquid oxygen in the above-mentioned fractionating tower to the above-mentioned heat exchangers to gasify so as to become a gasified oxygen, and a product oxygen gas takeout path which extends from the front end of the above-mentioned liquid oxygen takeout path and increases the temperature of the above-mentioned gasified oxygen so as to obtain a product oxygen gas, the above-mentioned liquid oxygen takeout path being provided with an oxygen gas pressurizing pump, and the above-mentioned product oxygen gas takeout path on the side upstream the above-mentioned heat exchangers being provided with an expansion turbine.

Abstract: A crank shaft is constructed only at the surface layer of a journal portion with a hard nitride layer, so that the resultant crank shaft is available at a low cost, not so heavy and excellent in durability in comparison with a case employing a hard material for the whole crank shaft. Also, a method of manufacturing a crank shaft according to the present invention employs fluorinating process prior to nitriding process to change a passive coat layer, such as oxide layer on the surface of the journal portion to a fluoride layer, which protects the same surface. Therefore, even when there is space of time between formation of fluoride on the surface of the journal portion and nitriding process, the fluoride layer protects and keeps the surface of the journal portion in a favorable condition, resulting in that re-formation of oxide layer on that surface is prevented.

Abstract: A method for processing semiconductor materials such as a crystalline ingot or a wafer and an apparatus employed therein. An etching gas is supplied on the surface of a semiconductor material, while laser irradiation or light quantum irradiation is applied on a predetermined part of the semiconductor material surface, whereby a component of the etching gas is excited, reacted with a component of the semiconductor material and evaporated for elimination. Thereby, semiconductor materials can be processed hygienically, easily and with high precision.

Abstract: A flat casing is formed by joining a hollow cylindrical cover to a hollow cylindrical frame, and a d.c. magnetic field generating magnet in the form of a disk is fixed to the inner surface of the cover. Disposed inside the casing is a disklike diaphragm spaced apart from the lower surface of the magnet by a gap and having its outer peripheral portion fixedly held between the cover and the frame. A hollow cylindrical drive coil coaxial with the magnet is fixed to the lower surface of the diaphragm and has an axis perpendicular to the diaphragm. Stated specifically, the drive coil has an outside diameter which is at least 80% to not greater than 116% of the outside diameter of the magnet and an inside diameter which is at least 66% to not greater than 94% of the magnet outside diameter. The transducer is diminished in power consumption, has a reduced thickness and is yet highly efficient.

Abstract: A CDM simulator for use with an integrated circuit having a terminal and for use with a grounding conductor, includes a cylindrical conductor, and a mercury lead switch contained in the cylindrical conductor, the mercury lead switch having a first end connected to the cylindrical conductor and a second end for connection to the terminal of the integrated circuit, and the mercury lead switch having a first length, the cylindrical conductor having an end closer to the terminal of the integrated circuit for connection to the grounding conductor in order to release electric charge from the integrated circuit to the grounding conductor, and the cylindrical conductor having a second length longer than the first length of the mercury lead switch.

Abstract: A secondary battery is comprising an organic electrolytic solution contained in a casing and, disposed therein, a positive electrode comprised of a lithium-containing composite metal oxide as a cathode active material and a negative electrode comprised of a carbonaceous material as an anode active material, wherein the positive and negative electrodes are separated through a separator disposed therebetween and wherein the organic electrolytic solution has a water content of from 5 ppm to 450 ppm.

Abstract: The invention provides a method of fabricating a semiconductor device on an SOI substrate having a single crystal silicon substrate, a silicon dioxide film laid on top of the silicon substrate and a single crystal silicon layer laid on top of the silicon dioxide film. The method includes the steps of forming a single crystal silicon island composed of the single crystal silicon layer in a first region in which the semiconductor device is to be fabricated, and selectively forming a low temperature deposition silicon dioxide film in a second region in which the semiconductor device is not to be fabricated in the presence of photoresist, so that the low temperature deposition silicon dioxide film covers side surfaces of the silicon island. The second region turns into an isolation region for electrically separating adjacent semiconductor devices.

Abstract: The present invention relates to an insulated wire comprising a conductor and at least two insulating layers provided on the outer periphery of the conductor. The inner insulating layer is provided directly or via another insulation on the outer periphery of the conductor and comprises a polyolefin compound containing 20 to 80 parts by weight of at least one substance selected from ethylene .alpha.-olefin copolymer, ethylene .alpha.-olefin polyene copolymer (.alpha.-olefin having the carbon numbers of C.sub.3 -C.sub.10, polyene being non-conjugated diene).

Abstract: The invention is composed of a non-aluminium metallic foil with a ceramic particle dotted layer formed on one side thereof is used and the non-aluminium metallic foil is wound on the peripheral surface of an inner shell of a duplex shell body in a state that the ceramic particle dotted layer is faced inwardly, wherein the circumference of the multi-layeredly wound layer is covered with an outer shell of the duplex shell body, and a space between the inner shell and the outer shell is sealed and evacuated.

Abstract: The invention is composed of a non-aluminium metallic foil with a ceramic particle dotted layer formed on one side thereof, the non-aluminium metallic foil is wound on the peripheral surface of an inner shell of a duplex shell body in a state that the ceramic particle dotted layer is faced inwardly; the circumference of the multi-layeredly wound layer is covered with an outer shell of the duplex shell body, and a space between the inner shell and the outer shell is sealed and evacuated.

Abstract: This invention allows to form a nitrided hard layer on the surface of an austenitic stainless steel screw by forming a nitrided layer thereon and to prevent causing rust on some parts such as a screw head portion which is in contact with the outside air by removing the nitrided hard layer to expose austenitic stainless steel base which has sufficient corrosion resistance. On the contrary, in a thread part and the like of the screw, the nitrided hard layer is left and to thereby improves hardness and the like to strengthen tapping functions and the like of the screw. In the method for manufacturing the austenitic stainless steel screw according to the invention, the austenitic stainless steel screw is held in a fluorine- or fluoride-containing gas atmosphere prior to nitriding to form a fluorided film on its surface and then is nitrided in that state. Accordingly, so formed nitrided hard layer becomes uniform and deep to obtain an austenitic stainless steel screw having excellent surface properties.

Abstract: A crank shaft is constructed only at the surface layer of a journal portion with a hard nitride layer, so that the resultant crank shaft is available at a low cost, not so heavy and excellent in durability in comparison with a case employing a hard material for the whole crank shaft. Also, a method of manufacturing a crank shaft according to the present invention employs fluorinating process prior to nitriding process to change a passive coat layer, such as oxide layer on the surface of the journal portion to a fluoride layer, which protects the same surface. Therefore, even when there is space of time between formation of fluoride on the surface of the journal portion and nitriding process, the fluoride layer protects and keeps the surface of the journal portion in a favorable condition, resulting in that re-formation of oxide layer on that surface is prevented.

Abstract: This invention allows the surface of an austenitic stainless steel screw surface to be formed into a hard nitrided layer so as to harden and a part such as a screw head which is in contact with outside air is removed its own ultra hard surface layer in the hard nitrided layer by scouring or the like to be rust preventive. Even if the ultra hard surface layer is thus removed, an inner hard layer in the hard nitrided layer is present beneath the surface layer to be able to maintain a hard state of the screw surface. In the method for manufacturing the austenitic stainless steel screw according to the invention, upon forming said hard nitrided layer on the screw surface by nitriding, the austenitic stainless steel screw surface is cleaned with a fluorine- or fluoride-containing gas prior to nitriding.

Abstract: The surface layer of a hard austenitic stainless steel screw is formed as nitrided layer and then is covered by a plating coat or a resin coat to give properties such as shortening the boring time as well as heightening the surface hardness of the screw itself.

Abstract: In accordance with this invention, a waste gas containing toxic NF.sub.3 gas is contacted with a honeycomb structure of a carbonaceous material to thereby convert NF.sub.3 into nontoxic CF.sub.4 and N.sub.2 gases with high efficiency.

Abstract: This invention provides a secondary battery in a nonaqueous type using a substance indicated in I below and/or a substance indicated in II below as an active material for either of positive and negative electrodes:I: a composite oxide possessing a layer structure and represented by the general formula:A.sub.x M.sub.y N.sub.2 O.sub.2wherein A stands for at least one alkali metal, M for a transition metal, N for at least one member selected from the group consisting of Al, In, and Sn, and x, y, and z respectively for the number falling in a specific range,II: an n-doped carbonaceous material which has a BET-method specific surface area, and a crystal thickness, Lc, in the X-ray diffraction and a true density, .rho., both having the values falling in a specific range.The secondary battery of this invention is small and light, excels in cyclicity and self-discharging property, and possesses a high energy density.