Abstract: In one example in accordance with the present disclosure, a cell analysis system is described. The cell analysis system includes a substrate. Formed in the substrate is a feedback-controlled lysis system to rupture a cell membrane. The feed-back-controlled lysis system includes at least one lysing chamber to receive a single cell to be lysed. A lysing element of the feedback-controlled lysis system agitates the single cell and a sensor detects a state within the lysing chamber. The cell analysis system also includes a microfluidic channel formed in the substrate to 1) serially feed individual cells from a volume of cells to the feedback-controlled lysis system and 2) deliver a lysate of a ruptured cell to at least one analysis chamber. The cell analysis system also includes at least one analysis chamber formed in the substrate to process the lysate and a controller to determine when a cell membrane has ruptured.

Abstract: In one example in accordance with the present disclosure, a cell sorting device is described. The cell sorting device includes a microfluidic channel to serially transport individual cells from a volume of cells along a flow path. A sensor disposed in the microfluidic channel distinguishes between a cell to be analyzed and waste fluid. The cell sorting device includes at least two fluid transport devices disposed within the microfluidic channel. The at least two fluid transport devices include a cell ejector to, responsive to detection of a cell to be analyzed, eject the cell to be analyzed from the cell sorting device and a waste transport device to direct the waste fluid to a waste reservoir.

Abstract: The present disclosure is drawn to temperature-cycling microfluidic devices. In one example, a temperature-cycling microfluidic device can include a driver chip having a top surface and a heat exchange substrate having a top surface coplanar with the top surface of the driver chip. A fluid chamber can be located on the top surface of the driver chip. A first and second microfluidic loop can have fluid driving ends and fluid outlet ends connected to the fluid chamber and can include portions thereof located on the top surface of the heat exchange substrate. A first and second fluid actuator can be on the driver chip. The first and second fluid actuators can be associated with the fluid driving ends of the first and second microfluidic loops, respectively, to circulate fluid through the first and second microfluidic loops.

Abstract: An example system includes an input channel having a first end and a second end to receive particles through the first end, a separation chamber, at least two output channels, and an integrated pump to facilitate flow through the separation chamber. The separation chamber is in fluid communication with the second end of the input channel. The separation chamber has a passive separation structure, the passive separation structure including an array of columns spaced apart to facilitate separation of particles in a flow based on a size of the particles. Each output channel is in fluid communication with the separation chamber to receive separated particles. The integrated pump is positioned within at least one of the input channel or one of the at least two output channels.

Abstract: A fluid ejection device includes a fluid slot, at least one fluid ejection chamber communicated with the fluid slot, a drop ejecting element within the at least one fluid ejection chamber, a fluid circulation channel communicated with the fluid slot and the at least one fluid ejection chamber, and a fluid circulating element communicated with the fluid circulation channel. The fluid circulating element is to provide on-demand circulation of fluid from the fluid slot through the fluid circulation channel and the at least one fluid ejection chamber.

Abstract: An example system includes an input channel to receive particles through a first end, a separation chamber, at least two output channels, an integrated pump to facilitate flow through the separation chamber and a cell analysis portion. The separation chamber is in fluid communication with a second end of the input channel. The separation chamber has a passive separation structure including an array of columns spaced apart to facilitate separation of particles into at least two flow paths based on a size of the particles. The size associated with a first flow path of the at least two flow paths corresponds to a cell. A first output channel is to receive the first flow path corresponding to a cell. The cell analysis portion is coupled to the first output channel and is to perform at least one analysis associated with cells in the first output channel.

Abstract: Examples relate to conducting Polymerase Chain Reactions (PCR). An example device for conducting PCR includes a primer applicator to add a first multi-primer set of a primer library to a first test chamber of a test chamber array. The example device also includes an amplification analyzer to determine if amplification has occurred in the first test chamber. The example device includes a device controller to instruct the primer applicator to apply a second multi-primer set of the primer library to the first test chamber in response to a detection by the amplification analyzer that amplification has not occurred in the first test chamber. Example devices instruct the primer applicator to apply a first primer subset of the first multi-primer set to a second test chamber of the test chamber array in response to a detection by the amplification analyzer that amplification occurred in the first test chamber.

Abstract: A microfluidic valve comprises a first reservoir, a second reservoir, an inertial pump and a channel connecting the first reservoir to the second reservoir. The second reservoir is to receive fluid from the first reservoir through the channel under a pressure gradient. The inertial pump is within the channel proximate the second reservoir and distant the first reservoir.

Abstract: A nucleic acid detection device includes a microfluidic opening and a sensor stack. The sensor stack includes an electrochemical electrode and a photodetector. The electrochemical electrode is formed of a conductive material that is transparent to a fluorescent emission, the electrochemical electrode including a first side and an opposite second side, wherein the first side is exposed to the microfluidic opening. The photodetector is positioned relative to the second side of the electrochemical electrode to optically receive the fluorescent emission when passed through the electrochemical electrode.

Abstract: In one example in accordance with the present disclosure, a cellular analytic system is described. The cellular analytic system includes an analytic device. The analytic device includes a chamber to receive a cell to be analyzed. At least one lysing element agitates the cell and at least one sensor detects a change in the cell based on an agitation of the cell. The cellular analytic system also includes a controller to determine a rupture threshold of the cell based on parameters of the agitation when a cell membrane ruptures.

Abstract: A surface enhanced Raman scattering (SERS) sensor may include a substrate, an electrically conductive layer having a first portion spaced from a second portion by a gap, an electrically resistive layer in contact with and extending between the first portion and the second portion of the electrically conductive layer to form an electrically resistive bridge across the gap that heats the nano fingers in response to electrical current flowing across the bridge from the first portion to the second portion and nano fingers extending upward from the bridge.

Abstract: An example device includes a first substrate including a first array of droplet ejectors to eject droplets of a first fluid. The example device further includes a first target medium immovably positioned relative to the first substrate to receive droplets of the first fluid from a first subset of droplet ejectors of the first array of droplet ejectors. A second subset of droplet ejectors of the first array of droplet ejectors is positioned to eject droplets of the first fluid to miss the first target medium.

Abstract: An example device includes a first droplet ejector including a first nozzle to eject droplets of a first fluid, and a first target medium positioned relative to the first droplet ejector to receive the droplets of the first fluid from the first droplet ejector. The example device further includes a second droplet ejector in fluid communication with the first target medium to receive a second fluid from the first target medium. The second droplet ejector includes a second nozzle to eject droplets of the second fluid.

Abstract: An example device includes a droplet ejector including a nozzle to eject droplets of a fluid and a target medium to receive the droplets of the fluid. The target medium is separated from the droplet ejector by a gap to be traversed by the droplets. The example device further includes a frame affixing the target medium to the droplet ejector. The target medium is immovably held with respect to the droplet ejector.

Abstract: An example device includes a first droplet ejector including a first nozzle to eject droplets of a first fluid, a second droplet ejector including a second nozzle to eject droplets of a second fluid, and a target medium. The example device further includes a mixing volume positioned between the first and second droplet ejectors and the target medium. The mixing volume is to receive the droplets of the first fluid and the droplets of the second fluid, provide mixing of the droplets of the first fluid and the droplets of the second fluid, and provide a mixture to the target medium.

Abstract: A rapid thermal cycling device can include a microfluidic reaction chamber, a dry reagent, and a heating element. The microfluidic reaction chamber can be defined between a substrate and a cover having an average space therebetween from 4 ?m to 150 ?m. The dry reagent can be positioned within the microfluidic reaction chamber. The heating element can be thermally coupled to the microfluidic reaction chamber to heat a fluid when introduced therein.

Abstract: A microfluidic device including: a transport channel having an inlet and an outlet; a plurality of pump loops extending along the transport channel, wherein each of the plurality of pump loops includes: a first branch, a second branch, and a first connecting section connecting the first branch and the second branch, wherein the first branch includes a first opening and the second branch includes a second opening, and wherein the first opening and the second opening are in direct fluid communication with the transport channel; an actuator positioned in the first branch; and a heater positioned to heat fluid in a portion of the pump loop.

Abstract: A rapid thermal cycling device can include a static microfluidic reaction chamber that can be defined between a layered substrate and a cover that can have an average space therebetween from 4 ?m to 150 ?m. The layered substrate can include a heating element thermally coupled to the static microfluidic reaction chamber to heat a fluid when present therein. The layered substrate, the cover, or both can include a heat diffusing material thermally coupled to the static microfluidic reaction chamber to diffuse heat out from the fluid while remaining in the static microfluidic reaction chamber.

Abstract: A multiplex nucleic acid detection system includes an electrochemical cell and a nucleic acid amplifying fluid. The electrochemical cell includes a reference electrode, a first surface-modified redox electrode including a first working redox electrode with a first surface-attached nucleic acid oligomer attached to the first working electrode, a second surface-modified redox electrode including a second working electrode with a second surface-attached nucleic acid oligomer attached to the second working electrode that is different than the first surface-attached nucleic acid oligomer, and a counter-electrode.

Abstract: An example system includes an input channel to receive particles through a first end, a separation chamber, at least two output channels, an integrated pump to facilitate flow through the separation chamber and a cell analysis portion. The separation chamber is in fluid communication with a second end of the input channel. The separation chamber has a passive separation structure including an array of columns spaced apart to facilitate separation of particles into at least two flow paths based on a size of the particles. The size associated with a first flow path of the at least two flow paths corresponds to a cell. A first output channel is to receive the first flow path corresponding to a cell. The cell analysis portion is coupled to the first output channel and is to perform at least one analysis associated with cells in the first output channel.