Abstract: This invention relates to a process for the nucleochlorination of o-xylene using elemental chlorine in the presence of a Friedel-Crafts catalyst and a co-catalyst, where the co-catalysts used are benzo-fused thiazepines or thiazocines.

Abstract: Piece-form materials which comprise 5-100% by mass calcium formate and 95-0% by mass additives and have particle sizes of 0.2-5 mm can be prepared from finely crystalline calcium formate and the additives by compression and, if necessary, subsequent comminution and/or fractionation to set the particle size.

Abstract: The invention relates to a process for the preparation of specific salts of 1-substituted 2,4-diaminobenzenes by catalytic hydrogenation of 1-substituted 2,4-dinitrobenzenes and addition of the reaction product obtained after the hydrogenation and separated from the catalyst to an aqueous solution of an acid.

Abstract: Provided is a process for the preparation of specific 1-substituted 2,4-dinitrobenzenes by reaction of 1-halogeno-2,4-dinitrobenzenes with mono-alkali metal salts of specific diols, in which the 1-halogeno-2,4-dinitrobenzene and the mono-alkali metal salt of the diol are simultaneously added and reacted.

Abstract: N-Phenyl-1-naphthylamine can be prepared by reaction of aniline and 1-naphthylamine in the liquid phase at 100-400.degree. C. under normal pressure, a catalyst mixture comprising boron and fluorine being employed. Such catalyst mixtures can be obtained, for example, by reaction of hydrogen fluoride, boric acid and aniline and/or 1-naphthylamine. The catalyst is recovered and can be employed again. The reaction can be carried out discontinuously or continuously.

Abstract: 3-Methoxy-1-propanol is prepared in an advantageous manner by alkylating 1,3-propanediol with methyl chloride in the presence of a base.

Abstract: N-phenyl-1-naphthylamine can be prepared by reacting aniline and 1-naphthylamine in the liquid phase at 100-400.degree. C. at a reaction pressure which is higher than atmospheric pressure. Boron and fluorine-containing catalysts, mono or polysulfonic acids, iodine, PCl.sub.3, PCl.sub.5, or POCl.sub.3, for example, may be used as catalysts.

Abstract: Substituted cyclohexanones of the formula ##STR1## where R.sup.1 to R.sup.5 are as defined in the description, can be obtained by catalytic hydrogenation of phenols of the formula ##STR2## where R.sup.1 to R.sup.5 are as defined in the description.The reaction is carried out at from 20.degree. to 250.degree. C., from 1 to 200 bar and in an ether as solvent. If desired, an alkaline alkali metal, alkaline earth metal or ammonium compound is used as additive.

Abstract: Carbazole can be prepared by dehydrogenation of compounds of the formula ##STR1## or by aminating dehydrogenation of compounds of the formula ##STR2## at 300.degree. to 600.degree. C. in the presence of hydrogen over an iridium catalyst or an iridium-containing catalyst.

Abstract: Alkyl carbazates of the formula R.sup.1 --O--CO--NH--NH.sub.2 (I) are prepared in an advantageous manner by reacting an alkyl carbazate of the formula R.sup.2 --O--CO--NH--NH.sub.2 (II) with alcohols of the formula R.sup.1 --OH (III) in the presence of a catalyst, where the symbols used in the formulae are as defined in the description.

Abstract: It has been found that cyclopentene and hydrogen bromide can be continuously reacted in a simple manner to give cyclopentyl bromide in good yields and good selectivities if the reaction is carried out in the presence of a heterogeneous catalyst. The reaction can be carried out continuously and unreacted cyclopentene and possibly other constituents can be recirculated to the reaction.

Abstract: Unsubstituted or substituted 2-fluoro-pyrimidines can be prepared by reaction of the underlying 2-amino-pyrimidines with diazotization agents, mixtures of HF and H.sub.2 O containing 30-70% by weight of HF, based on the total of HF and H.sub.2 O, serving as reaction medium. The reaction medium can also contain diluents and/or inorganic salts, preferably fluorides.

Abstract: Substituted 1,2,3,4-tetrahydrocarbazoles of the formula ##STR1## having the meaning for R.sup.1 to R.sup.8 indicated in the description, can be prepared by catalytically hydrogenating a substituted phenol of the formula ##STR2## reacting the hydrogenation solution with a phenylhydrazine of the formula ##STR3## to give the hydrazone and cyclizing the hydrazone under acidic conditions.

Abstract: Substituted chloroaromatics are obtained in a simple manner in virtually isomer-free form when substituted phenols of the formula (II) ##STR1## where R.sup.1 to R.sup.5 are each, independently of one another, hydrogen, C.sub.1 -C.sub.10 -alkyl, unsubstituted or substituted C.sub.6 -C.sub.10 -aryl or halogen, with at least one of these radicals being different from hydrogen,are reacted with dichlorotriphenylphosphorus.

Abstract: C.sub.1 -C.sub.4 -Alkyl nitrites can be prepared by reaction of C.sub.1 -C.sub.4 -alkanols with nitrogen oxides with the participation of oxygen in a reactor designed as a scrubber column, nitrogen oxides having a proportion of more than 50% of NO of the total amount of gram atoms of N of the nitrogen oxides, oxygen and optionally inert gas being fed into the lower part of the reactor. 5 to 60% of the total amount of C.sub.1 -C.sub.4 -alkanol used is likewise fed into the lower part of the reactor in vaporous or atomized form, while the remaining C.sub.1 -C.sub.4 -alkanol is delivered to the column head.

Abstract: Alkyl nitrite-containing exhaust gases are purified in continuous form by treating them with equimolar to excess amidosulphuric acid in the form of an aqueous solution in the manner of a counter-current scrubbing at a temperature of 0.degree.-100.degree. C.

Abstract: The reaction of nitrogen dioxide with hydrogen chloride to give nitrosyl chloride and nitric acid can be advantageously carried out in cocurrent in a reactor in such a way that the reactants are introduced at the bottom and the nitrosyl chloride is taken off at the top and the nitric acid is taken off at the bottom of the reactor.

Abstract: p-Amino-phenols are advantageously prepared by catalytic hydrogenation of the aromatic nitro compounds on which they are based in a reaction medium of aqueous sulphuric acid in the sense of a Bamberger rearrangement at elevated temperature by a procedure in which the reaction medium additionally contains a water-miscible organic solvent.

Abstract: Dimethyl carbonate (DMC) is prepared by continuous gas reaction of carbon monoxide and methyl nitrite a heterogeneous catalyst comprising a platinum at 50.degree. to 170.degree. C. under 1 to 5 bar.

Abstract: Dimethyl carbonate is obtained with a high selectivity and great constancy over time by reacting carbon monoxide with methyl nitrite in a continuous gas phase reaction in the presence of a heterogeneous catalyst prepared by the application to a suitable support of one or more palladium compounds of the formula[Pd(N(R.sup.1, R.sup.2, R.sup.3)).sub.n ]X.sup.1.sub.2 (I) ,wherein R.sup.1, R.sup.2, R.sup.3, X.sup.1 and n are as defined in the disclosure, optionally in combination with one or more promoters from the group consisting of the elements Fe, Co, Ni, V, Nb, Mo, Ta, Ti, Cu and Cr, the rare earths and/or compounds thereof, and/or with one or more promoters from the group consisting of alkali metal and alkaline earth metal halides.