Abstract: The invention relates to a process for the production of carbonic acid esters of polysaccharides which is characterized in that polysaccharides are reacted with carbonic acid esters.

Abstract: Heterosubstituted acetals of the formula ##STR1## can be obtained by reacting vinyl compounds of the formulaCH.sub.2 .dbd.CH-A.sup.1 (II)with alkyl nitrites of the formulaR.sup.1 --ONO (III.)The reaction is performed in the presence of palladium in metallic or bonded form and in alcohols or ethers as reaction medium at from 0.degree. to 120.degree. C.

Abstract: Dialkyl carbonates can be prepared by reacting carbon monoxide with alkyl nitrites in a continuous gas phase reaction in the presence of a heterogeneous platinum metal catalyst, the activity of this catalyst being maintained by the addition of small amounts of halogen. The dialkyl carbonates are thus formed with almost quantitative selectivity and no deactivation of the catalyst occurs.

Abstract: Substituted acetic acid esters of the formula ##STR1## in which R.sup.1 Represents alkyl, or represents optionally substituted aralkyl,R.sup.2 Represents dialkylamino, alkoxy or alkylthio, or represents in each case optionally substituted aralkyloxy or arylalkylthio,R.sup.3 and R.sup.4 in each case independently of one another represent hydrogen, cyano, halogen or alkyl,R.sup.5, R.sup.6 and R.sup.8 represent hydrogen or other radicals, andR.sup.7 represents optionally substituted pyrimidinyl. The compounds are pesticidially active and also used as intermediates for other acetic acid compounds.

Abstract: New polysaccharides have recurring units I or a salt thereof.

Abstract: Methanol can be substantially removed from dimethyl carbonate (DMC)/methanol mixtures by absorption on ion exchange resins. The enriched DMC is obtained as filtrate. The absorption is carried out at from -50.degree. C. to +100.degree. C. and 0.1-10 bar.

Abstract: Dialkyl carbonates can be prepared by reacting carbon monoxide with alkyl nitrites in a continuous gas phase reaction in the presence of a catalyst using a fixed bed reactor with a short catalyst bed in the direction of flow. The dialkyl carbonates are formed with almost quantitative selectivity; thermal decomposition of the alkyl nitrite, with the resulting formation of decomposition products, is not observed.

Abstract: Process for the preparation of compounds of the formula (I) ##STR1## in which R.sup.1, R.sup.2, R.sup.3, X and n have the meaning given in the description, by reacting acetates with carbon monoxide in the presence of a basic auxiliary, followed by alkylation. The products are intermediates for fungicidal acrylates.

Abstract: The title compounds of the formula ##STR1## can be prepared by cyclization of aminomethylenated 2-pentenoic acid derivatives of the formula ##STR2## where R, X, R.sup.1, R.sup.2 and Z have the meaning given in the description,in the presence of acids or ammonia. Preferably, aminomethylenated pentenoic acid derivatives are employed which can be prepared from pentenoic acid derivatives of the formulaR--CH.sub.2 --CH.sub.2 --CH.dbd.CH--Z (III)orR--CH.sub.2 --CH.dbd.CH--CH.sub.2 --Z (IV)with ortho-amides of the formula ##STR3## The meanings of A and B are also given in the description.

Abstract: Dialkyl carbonates can be prepared by reaction of carbon monoxide with alkyl nitrites in a continuous gas-phase reaction using a platinum metal catalyst on a metal phosphate support and adding hydrogen halide stepwise or continuously during the course of the reaction in almost quantitative selectivity; the corresponding dialkyl oxalates are formed in such small amounts that in most cases they cannot be detected.

Abstract: Fungicidal substituted acrylic esters of the formula ##STR1## in which R.sup.1 represents hydrogen, alkyl or alkenyl, or represents in each case optionally substituted aralkyl, aralkenyl, aryl or heteroaryl,R.sup.2 represents halogen, cyano, nitro, formyl, halogenoalkyl, alkoxyalkyl or alkylthioalkyl, or represents hydroximinoalkyl, alkoximinoalkyl, N-alkyliminoalkyl, N-aryliminoalkyl or N,N-dialkylhydrazonoalkyl, or represents alkoxy, alkylthio, halogenoalkoxy or halogenoalkylthio, or represents aryloxy or arylthio, or represents alkanoyl, alkoxycarbonyl, N,N-dialkylcarbamoyl or heterocyclylcarbonyl,R.sup.3 represents alkyl, or represents optionally substituted aralkyl,R.sup.4 represents dialkylamino or represents a radical --Z--R.sup.5,X represents oxygen or sulphur andY represents oxygen or sulphur or represents a radical ##STR2## where R.sup.5 represents alkyl or represents optionally substituted aralkyl,R.sup.

Abstract: C.sub.1 -C.sub.6 -Alkyl nitrites can be prepared by reacting nitrogen dioxide with C.sub.1 -C.sub.6 -alcohols, by, in a counterflow-operated column, feeding the alcohol or an alcohol/water mixture into the upper part of the column and the nitrogen dioxide or a nitrogen dioxide/inert gas mixture into the lower part of the column. The resulting alkyl nitrite is removed from the column as the top product and the co-formed nitric acid is removed from the column as the bottom product.

Abstract: Alkylene carbonates can be prepared by catalytic reaction of alkylene oxides with carbon dioxide, catalysts which can be regenerated of the formulaa[MX]/b[ZnY.sub.2 ] (III)whereinM denotes an alkali metal,X and Y independently of one another denote chlorine, bromine or iodine anda and b denote fractions or integers in a range from 0.001 to 2being employed.The catalysts (III) can be regenerated by treating with a halogen compound. The halogen compounds which can be used for this purpose belong to the group comprising hydrogen halides, inorganic and organic acid halides, interhalogen compounds and organic halides with mobile halogen.

Abstract: There are described new pyridyl derivatives of the formula (I) ##STR1## in which Ar and A have the meaning given in the description, their preparation, and new intermediates.The new compounds of the formula (I) are used as pesticides.

Abstract: A first alkanol having 1 to 3 C atoms or a mixture of this first alkanol with water or water itself can be separated off from oxygen-containing organic compounds having 3 to 7 C atoms from the group comprising second alkanols and dialkyl carbonates, which always have at least 2 C atoms more than the first alkanol, by permeation on membranes if a membrane obtained by plasma polymerization is employed.

Abstract: Dialkyl carbonates can be prepared by the reaction of carbon monoxide with alkyl nitrites in a continuous gas phase reaction, using a platinum group metal catalyst on an alumosilicate zeolite having acidic centers, preferably in the H.sup.+ form, as a support, which catalyst may optionally comprise additional material of a compound of antimony, bismuth, aluminum, copper, vanadium, niobium, tantalum, tin, iron, cobalt, nickel or a mixture of a plurality of these, and hydrogen halide being added in the course of the reaction intermittently or continuously. In this reaction, the dialkyl carbonates are formed with almost quantitative selectivity; the corresponding dialkyl oxalates cannot be detected in most cases.

Abstract: Di-(C.sub.1 -C.sub.4 -alkyl) carbonates can be prepared by catalysed counter-current reesterification of ethylene glycol carbonate or propylene glycol carbonate with a C.sub.1 -C.sub.4 -alcohol in a column, ethylene glycol carbonate or propylene glycol carbonate being introduced into the upper part of the column and a dialkyl carbonate-containing C.sub.1 -C.sub.4 -alcohol being introduced into the central or lower part of the column and pure alcohol being additionally introduced below the introduction of the dialkyl carbonate-containing alcohol.

Abstract: A process is described for the catalytic preparation of ethylene glycol carbonate by reaction of ethylene oxide and CO.sub.2 in ethylene glycol carbonate as the reaction medium at elevated temperature and at elevated pressure with work-up by distillation to separate the resulting ethylene glycol carbonate from the catalyst. The process is carried out continuously under adiabatic temperature conditions. Per unit of time, ethylene glycol carbonate as reaction medium runs into the reactor in a amount 10 to 120 times that of ethylene glycol carbonate formed per unit of time. A CO.sub.2 excess over the other reaction partner ethylene oxide is maintained at all sites of the reactor. 80 to 98% by weight of the reaction mixture flowing out is returned to the inlet of the reactor, while the remainder is worked up by distillation to give ethylene glycol carbonate. The sensible heat produced in the reaction product as a result of the adiabatic temperature conditions, is used for the work-up.

Abstract: Dialkyl carbonates can be prepared by the reaction of carbon monoxide with alkyl nitrites in a continuous gas phase reaction, using a platinum metal catalyst on an amorphous alumosilicate having a content of 30-80 atom% Al, based on the sum of Al and Si, as a support, which catalyst may optionally comprise additional material of a compound of antimony, bismuth, aluminium, copper, vanadium, niobium, tantalum, tin, iron, cobalt, nickel or a mixture of a plurality of these, and hydrogen halide being added in the course of the reaction intermittently or continuously. In this reaction, the dialkyl carbonates are formed with almost quantitative selectivity; the corresponding dialkyl oxalates cannot be detected in most cases.

Abstract: The present invention relates to new amino and ammonium isocyanates, to a process for their preparation, e.g. by the reaction of certain ureas with isocyanates, and to the use of the new substances for the production of polymers containing ammonium groups.