Abstract: The invention relates to a load cell comprising a spring body having an outer support ring, having an inner force introduction element, and having an annular deformation section via which the support ring and the force introduction element are fixedly connected to one another; a measuring transducer for generating an output signal corresponding to a weight acting on the force introduction element; and means electrically connected to the measuring transducer that are configured to output the output signal generated by the measuring transducer to external. The means for the external output of the output signal are provided at the force introduction element.

Abstract: A method for simultaneous optimization of nitrogen oxide emissions and carbon dioxide emissions of a combustion engine with an exhaust gas aftertreatment system of a motor vehicle. The method comprises the following steps: at the start a prediction horizon (PH) is selected (100), then a nitrogen oxide limit value (mNOx_max) is specified (101). Minimisation (102) of a cost function (K) comprising the nitrogen oxide emissions and the carbon dioxide emissions is carried out, wherein the nitrogen oxide limit value (mNOx_max) is complied with. Then actuators of the combustion engine are set (105) to a setpoint value (S) that is determined when minimizing (102) the cost function (K). Finally, the steps of the method are repeated.

Abstract: Provided is a method for packaging piece good groupings, in which a plurality of piece goods, particularly containers, are at least partially interconnected by a first connector, wherein at least two-piece goods of this plurality are directly interconnected by the connector. According to the embodiment, this plurality of piece goods connected by the connector is packaged with a second connector in the form of a second wrapping element, and said plurality of piece goods connected by a first connector is conveyed by a conveyor device to a packaging device and enclosed, particularly wrapped, with the second wrapping element by said packaging unit.

Abstract: Provided is a method for packing arrangements of piece goods, in which a plurality of piece goods and particularly containers are at least partially interconnected by a first connection device, at least two-piece goods of said plurality of piece goods being directly interconnected by the connection device. According to the embodiments, this plurality of piece goods connected by means of the connection device is packed with a second connection device in the form of a second wrapping element and the plurality of piece goods connected by a first connection device is transported to a packaging device by a transport device and surrounded and particularly wrapped by said packaging device with the second wrapping element.

Abstract: In a method for operating an SCR catalytic converter system of an internal combustion engine, the SCR catalytic converter system comprises at least one SCR catalytic converter (30) and at least one upstream SCR-coated particulate filter (20). In order to inject liquid reducing agent for the SCR catalytic converter (30) and/or for the SCR-coated particulate filter (20), a first injection position is provided upstream of the SCR-coated particulate filter (20) in the form of a first metering device (40) and a second injection position is provided upstream of the SCR catalytic converter (30) and downstream of the SCR-coated particulate filter (20) in the form of a second metering device (50). The injection positions for the injection of liquid reducing agent are selected in a manner which is dependent on the operating states of the SCR catalytic converter system.

Abstract: A switching apparatus includes an energy store and two measuring devices connected to the control apparatus, the energy store being connected in series between the supply connection and the power supply via the first measuring device, the control apparatus can ascertain if the supply voltage attached to the primary side of the power supply falls short of a first voltage threshold value and, via the second measuring device, if the supply voltage of the power supply attached to the secondary side of the power supply falls short of a second voltage threshold value, the control apparatus evaluates the time between falling short of the first voltage threshold value and falling short of the second voltage threshold value.

Abstract: In a method for operating an SCR catalytic converter system of an internal combustion engine, the SCR catalytic converter system comprises at least one SCR catalytic converter (30) and at least one upstream SCR-coated particulate filter (20). In order to inject liquid reducing agent for the SCR catalytic converter (30) and/or for the SCR-coated particulate filter (20), a first injection position is provided upstream of the SCR-coated particulate filter (20) in the form of a first metering device (40) and a second injection position is provided upstream of the SCR catalytic converter (30) and downstream of the SCR-coated particulate filter (20) in the form of a second metering device (50). The injection positions for the injection of liquid reducing agent are selected in a manner which is dependent on the operating states of the SCR catalytic converter system.

Abstract: A switching device includes an energy store and a measuring device connected to a control apparatus. The energy store is connected in series between the supply connection and the power supply. The control apparatus can monitor the energy supply of the switching device in the area between the supply connection and the power supply taking place via the supply connection via the measuring device. If the energy supply monitored by the measuring device falls into a critical range, and using the energy from the energy store: the control apparatus connects the semiconductor switch in an electrically conductive manner and then opens the second switch; and subsequently switches the semiconductor switch to an electrically non-conductive state and then opens the first switch.

Abstract: A device for measuring the quality of an operating substance and/or additive, in particular a reduction agent, stored in a tank, includes a reference container connected to the operating substance and/or the additive via a semi-permeable diaphragm, in which the reference container is filled with a medium which has a known osmotic pressure relative to the used operating substance and/or additive.

Abstract: A switching apparatus includes an energy store and two measuring devices connected to the control apparatus, the energy store being connected in series between the supply connection and the power supply via the first measuring device, the control apparatus can ascertain if the supply voltage attached to the primary side of the power supply falls short of a first voltage threshold value and, via the second measuring device, if the supply voltage of the power supply attached to the secondary side of the power supply falls short of a second voltage threshold value, the control apparatus evaluates the time between falling short of the first voltage threshold value and falling short of the second voltage threshold value.

Abstract: A switching device includes an energy store and a measuring device connected to a control apparatus. The energy store is connected in series between the supply connection and the power supply. The control apparatus can monitor the energy supply of the switching device in the area between the supply connection and the power supply taking place via the supply connection via the measuring device. If the energy supply monitored by the measuring device falls into a critical range, and using the energy from the energy store: the control apparatus connects the semiconductor switch in an electrically conductive manner and then opens the second switch; and subsequently switches the semiconductor switch to an electrically non-conductive state and then opens the first switch.

Abstract: A method for operating an exhaust gas aftertreatment system is provided that comprises at least one first SCR device and at least one second SCR device. Furthermore, a dosing device for reactant for supplying the SCR devices is provided upstream of the first SCR device in the exhaust gas flow direction. In one embodiment, a target overall efficiency ?Des of the SCR devices is specified. Using modeling of the exhaust gas aftertreatment system, depending on the target overall efficiency ?Des a target value ?1,Des is determined that represents the degree of charge of the first SCR device with reactant. The dosing of the reactant is adjusted accordingly to achieve the target value ?1,Des.

Abstract: A device for measuring the quality of an operating substance and/or additive, in particular a reduction agent, stored in a tank, includes a reference container connected to the operating substance and/or the additive via a semi-permeable diaphragm, in which the reference container is filled with a medium which has a known osmotic pressure relative to the used operating substance and/or additive.

Abstract: A method for operating an exhaust gas aftertreatment system is provided that comprises at least one first SCR device and at least one second SCR device. Furthermore, a dosing device for reactant for supplying the SCR devices is provided upstream of the first SCR device in the exhaust gas flow direction. In one embodiment, a target overall efficiency ?Des of the SCR devices is specified. Using modeling of the exhaust gas aftertreatment system, depending on the target overall efficiency ?Des a target value ?1,Des is determined that represents the degree of charge of the first SCR device with reactant. The dosing of the reactant is adjusted accordingly to achieve the target value ?1,Des.

Abstract: A SCR catalyst system, comprising a first SCR catalyst (1) and a second SCR catalyst (2) which is disposed in the exhaust gas tract downstream of the first SCR catalyst (1). At least one metering device (12) for metering in a reducing agent solution is disposed in the exhaust gas tract upstream of a first SCR catalysis element (13) of said first SCR catalyst (1). The SCR catalyst system does not require a device for metering a reducing agent solution into a second SCR catalysis element (21) of the second SCR catalyst (2).

Abstract: A SCR catalyst system, comprising a first SCR catalyst (1) and a second SCR catalyst (2) which is disposed in the exhaust gas tract downstream of the first SCR catalyst (1). At least one metering device (12) for metering in a reducing agent solution is disposed in the exhaust gas tract upstream of a first SCR catalysis element (13) of said first SCR catalyst (1). The SCR catalyst system does not require a device for metering a reducing agent solution into a second SCR catalysis element (21) of the second SCR catalyst (2).

Abstract: A business-to-vehicle platform functions as an information technology (IT) integration platform to support secure communication between a vehicle's onboard IT system and any offboard third-party IT system. In one embodiment, the a vehicle's communication hub is decoupled from all voice and data traffic to/from third-party service providers, such that the vehicles will “look and feel” like standard business IT devices to the third-party service providers. In certain embodiments, this decoupling enables the use of standardized business IT services in vehicles, rather than the traditional approach of requiring vehicle-specific embedded services.

Abstract: A method for metering a fuel into at least one exhaust duct of an internal combustion engine and a device for implementing the method. The fuel is converted in an exothermic reaction for achieving a specified setpoint temperature of a component to be heated. The required metering quantity of the fuel is calculated with the inclusion of a model of the exothermic reaction. The method makes it possible to achieve the specified setpoint temperature of the component to be heated or of the exhaust gas in front of the component to be heated using a minimal quantity of fuel.

Abstract: At least one embodiment of the invention relates to a protective circuit for protection of an appliance, in particular of an electric motor, against thermal overloading. In at least one embodiment, the protective circuit includes a first and a second terminal for connecting a temperature detection element; a detection unit for detecting whether a resistance value of the temperature detector element which is connected between the first and the second terminals, is in a first or a second resistance range; a short-circuit detector for identifying whether there is a short circuit between the first and the second terminals; signaling outputs for emitting signal messages to an evaluation unit when the detected resistance value is in the second resistance range and/or when a short circuit has been identified by the short-circuit detector; and a third terminal, which is connected to the second terminal via a predetermined resistance.

Abstract: A procedure to operate an exhaust gas treatment device, which contains a catalytically active surface for the exothermic conversion of a reagent substance, and a device to implement the procedure are proposed. Provision is made to measure a first measurement for the reaction temperature of the reagent substance in the area of the catalytically active surface as well as to calculate a second measurement for the reaction temperature using a model of the catalytically supported reaction. A measurement for the unconverted reagent substance in the area of the catalytically active surface is ascertained from a comparison of the two measurements. The procedural approach according to the invention makes possible on the one hand a protection of the exhaust gas duct components with regard to an excessive temperature and on the other hand an energy efficient heating of the exhaust gas duct components.