Abstract: The transmission path (4) is fed with a test signal (M'), which is generated from a sequence (m) of spectral components (S1 . . . S10), which are distributed equidistantly in the frequency domain, as the result of combining with an additional function (ZSF). The additional function (ZSF) is selected so as to allow the test signal (M') to contain, besides the spectral components (S1 . . . S10)of the sequence (m), additional spectral components (ZS1 . . . ZS21). An output signal (M") received on the output side of the path is evaluated at evaluation frequencies (AW1 . . . AW10), in the case of which the test signal (M') is free per se of spectral components and, in the case of which, the test signal (M'), after a self-convolution, exhibits additional spectral components (SA1 . . . SA10). The additional spectral components (SA1 . . . SA10) occurring at the evaluation frequencies (AW 1 . . . AW 10) allow a non-linearity of the transmission path (4) to be immediately detected.

Abstract: Test data are inserted on the data source side into a data stream (DS) transmitted to a data receiver (5) from a data source (1) via at least one transmission section (4). A bit error function (e(n)) is obtained from the test data received. The bit error function (e(n)) is evaluated in a part by part manner to discover its periodicity, the length of the partial section evaluated at the same time being measured in such a way that it contains a plurality of bit errors (BF). The bit error function (e(n) or err(n)) is subjected to auto-correlation. The maxima (M, M1, . . . Mi) of the auto-correlation functions (AKF(m)) thus obtained are used to determine the nature of the interference (10, 11) with reference to its stochastic or deterministic nature.

Abstract: A process for recovering, at the reception end, data transmitted over a transmission path for digital data streams. A code-word generator for generating a binary code word producing a Dirac pulse is provided. The binary code word is cyclically shifted to create further binary code words. The binary code word and further binary code words are inverted to create still further binary code words. The data is coded, on the transmission end of the transmission path, with the binary code word, with the further binary code words, and with the still further binary code words. On the reception end of the transmission path, the data is recovered by cross-correlating the data and by utilizing the position of the main maximum of the cross-correlation functions.

Abstract: A flow of data (DS) from a data source (1) passes to a data receiver (9) via an intermediate path (5) and a transmission path (7). Before entering the transmission path (7) the flow of data (DS) is scrambled in a predetermined manner and unscrambled in the same manner on leaving the transmission path (7). A bit error function e(n) is obtained from test data (TZ) inserted into the flow of data (DS) at the data source and evaluated according to its period length (N). A bit error (BF) occurring before scrambling goes unmultiplied to the data receiver after unscrambling, whereas a bit error (BF) occurring on the transmission path (7) is multiplied by a period length (N.sub.v) specific to the descrambling. A comparison of this period length (N.sub.v) with the period length (N) of the bit error function (e(n)) makes it possible to locate the origin.

Abstract: Bodies of hyperpure semiconductor material can be reduced in size without ntamination by being subjected to shock waves. The method is preferably carried out at room temperature, so that diffusion into the interior of the semiconductor, which is induced and/or accelerated by high temperatures, is largely avoided for superficially adsorbed foreign particles. The shock waves are generated in a focal point of a semiellipsoidal reflector by electrical discharge between two electrodes.

Abstract: A process for determining quality parameters of a transmission link for digital data streams. The digital data streams have a cellular structure, each cell having a useful field able to be freely occupied with data. In the process, a sequence of test cells is provided as a test signal. The useful fields of the test cells are partially occupied, in each case, with a test pattern. The test pattern consists of a number of binary-coded data wherein the auto-correlation function of the test pattern roughly corresponds to a Dirac pulse. The position of the test pattern within the useful fields of the test cells is shifted within the series of test cells such that the position of the test pattern within the useful field is not repeated in the sequence. The series of test cells is then transmitted though the transmission link. After being transmitted through the transmission link, each cell of the data stream is correlated with a reference pattern.

Abstract: A process obtains a compression quantity to compensate the nonuniformity of a surface wave convolver. A surface wave convolver includes an elongate piezoelectric crystal, to the ends of which interdigital transducers are fitted to convert electrical input signals applied to signal inputs into acoustic surface waves. At its integration electrode it is possible to pick off an output signal which corresponds to the convolution product of the electrical input signals. In order to compensate errors caused by the nonuniformity of the surface wave convolver in consequence of inhomogeneities of its integration electrode and of the piezoelectric crystal, a constant input signal is applied to one of the signal inputs and a predeterminable signal which determines a desired pulse response of the surface wave convolver, it is applied to the other signal input of the surface wave convolver.

Abstract: A pressure-medium actuated friction disk clutch or -brake is provided having a piston/cylinder actuation unit (1,2) and a disk spring (3) arranged between the piston (1) and a pressure plate (4) of the friction disk clutch, whereby the binding surfaces (11, 41) for the disk spring (3) are generally perpendicular to the axis (A) of the friction disk clutch. In order to influence a characteristic force curve (K1, K2) at the closing of the friction disk clutch (4, 5, 6, 7), at least one of the binding surfaces (11, 41), has a definitely shaped, radially extending contour (R1, R2, R4, 13) deviating from the right angle. Due to the modified angle of attack and the rolling off of the contact point of the disk spring on the binding surface and the therewith connected shortening of the lever arm (H), any desired pressure characteristic can be achieved with a normally built disk spring. Placing a contour at the binding surface of the piston (1) and/or the pressure plate (4) is simple and cost-effective.

Abstract: Means for preventing relative twisting between a seal ring and the parts of structure accommodating it by providing that in connection with high pressure shaft seals, the axial thrust resulting from the action of the pressure of the seal ring on its low pressure side radial face is taken up by a number of projections, the cross section of the seal ring undergoing undulating deformation as seen in the circumferential direction owing to the axial flexure of individual parts of the seal ring; it is furthermore possible to have additional projections as means for preventing twisting. As a consequence of the undulation of the entire cross section of the seal ring there will also be the useful effect of undulation of the seal interface edge, constituted by parts of this cross section, on the high pressure side.