Abstract: Devices formed as optically readable substrates are provided having a high feature density (e.g., attachment or deposition sites) in arrays comprising macromolecules, specifically amplicons, and devices and methods are provided for analysis of target nucleic acids having an undetermined sequence.

Abstract: Substrates are provided for use in the detection, identification and analysis of biologic or chemical samples that are labeled with a fluorescent label, in which the plane of maximum fluorescence is displaced from a reflective substrate surface so that the intensity maximum of the standing wave interference pattern of incident and reflected probe radiation is enhanced. The format of the substrates includes substantially planar surfaces as well as substrates with introduced variations to the substrate surface, e.g., depressions, wells, pedestals and the like, disposed in arrays or other similar structures such that one or more fluorophore-comprising objects can be attached thereto.

Abstract: Compounds of general formula I, and the salts and solvates thereof, wherein R1 represents the radical 2-benzoylphenylamino; R2 represents —(CH2)s—N(COR3)-A-J-T or —(CH2)s—N(R4)-B-J-T; and s, R3, R4, A, B, J and T have the meanings disclosed herein. These compounds are PPAR? modulators and, therefore, are useful for the treatment or prevention of a condition or a disease mediated by these receptors.

Abstract: A MEMS-based mirror is provided with trenches between adjacent electrodes in order to be able to withstand relatively high applied voltages, and thus has a substantially reduced exposure to uncontrolled surface potentials. The MEMS-based mirror, thus avoids voltage drifts and has an improved mirror position stability. The trench dimensions are selected such that the voltage applied between each adjacent pair of electrodes stays within predefined limits. An insulating layer, such as silicon dioxide, electrically isolates each pair of adjacent electrodes. Each insulting layer extends partially above an associated trench and is characterized by the same height and width dimensions.

Abstract: Carbamate of general formula (I), wherein R1, R2, and R3 are H, OH, NO2, SH, CN, F, Cl, Br, I, COOH, CONH2, (C1-C4)-alkoxycarbonyl, (C1-C4)-alkylsulfanyl, (C1-C4)-alkylsulfinyl, (C1-C4)-alkylsulfonyl, (C1-C4)-alkoxyl optionally substituted with one or several F, and (C1-C4)-alkyl optionally substituted with one or several F or OH; R4 is cycloalkyl, phenyl, heteroaryl or a bicyclic ring system; R5 is cycloalkyl, (C5-C10)-alkyl, a substituted (C1-C10)-alkyl; and X? is a physiologically acceptable anion. Carbamate (I) is selective M3 receptor antagonists versus M2 receptor and may be used for the treatment of urinary incontinence (particularly, the one caused by overactive bladder), irritable bowel syndrome, and respiratory disorders (particularly, chronic obstructive pulmonary disease, chronic bronchitis, asthma, emphysema, and rhinitis), as well as in ophthalmic interventions.

Abstract: Compounds of general formula I, and the salts and solvates thereof, wherein R1 represents the radical 2-benzoylphenylamino; R2 represents —(CH2)s—N(COR3)-A-J-T or —(CH2)s—N(R4)—B-J-T; and s. R3, R4, A, B, J and T have the meanings disclosed in the description. These compounds are PPAR? modulators and, therefore, are useful for the treatment or prevention of a condition or a disease mediated by these receptors.

Abstract: An electric power assisted steering apparatus for a vehicle, comprises a steering mechanism, which operatively connects a steering wheel to the road wheels of the vehicle, an electric motor operatively connected to the steering mechanism, a torque sensing means adapted to produce a first output signal indicative of the torque carried by a portion of the steering mechanism, a vehicle speed sensing means for producing a second output signal indicative of the speed of the vehicle, a signal processing unit adapted to receive the first and second signals and to produce a torque demand signal representative of a torque to be applied to the steering mechanism by the motor; and a motor drive stage adapted to provide a drive current to the motor responsive to the torque demand signal.

Abstract: An array of MEMS devices is formed on a planar substrate having in each of a plurality of annular regions or sectors a plurality of MEMS mirrors of substantially identical structure, wherein the MEMS mirrors in each region have an identical pre-tilt. The pre-tilt is achieved by embedding each dual-axis tiltable mirror within a pre-tilted microplatform or gimbal. In a specific embodiment, one microplatform of a preselected pre-tilt is provided for each micromirror and an underlying electrode is provided having a shape conforming with the pre-tilt. In a specific embodiment, the annular regions are contiguous elliptical or ovoidal regions. By pre-tilt, it is meant that the rest state or nonactuated state of the micro-mirror is such that a reflected beam from a fixed source is directed to the center of a target array.

Abstract: The compounds of formula (1), wherein n is an integer from 0 to 4; R1 is a radical selected from the group consisting of H, CH3, CH2-CH3, C(CH3)3, COOH, CONH2 and C=CH; R2, R3, R4 and R5 are radicals independently selected from the group consisting of H, F, Cl, Br, (C1-C3)-alkoxyl and (C1-C4)-alkyl; and R6 is a radical selected from the group consisting of H, F, Cl, Br, (C1-C3)-alkoxyl, (C1-C4)-alkyl, R7, CH=CH-R7 and O-CH2-R7; wherein R7 is phenyl or phenyl mono- or independently di-substituted with F, Cl, Br, (C1-C3)-alkoxyl or (C1-C4)-alkyl, exhibit a similar chemotactic index to that of amygdalin (natural product whose chemotaxis profile is similar to that of peptide T) and, consequently, are useful for treating inflammatory and/or allergic dermatophathies, such as psoriasis, and are especially much less toxic than amygdalin.

Abstract: One or more cavities are formed in the bonding surfaces of one, all, or some of the elements to be bonded. These cavities serve as receptacles for the bonding material and are where the bonds are localized. The cavities are of sufficient size and shape so that their volume is greater than the volume of bonding material forming the bond. This ensures that when the elements are brought into contact with one another to mate, the bonding material, which can flow prior to solidifying into a bond, will flow into the cavities and will not impede the separation of the parts. This allows the parts to be mated with nominally zero separation. Once solidified, the bonding material forms a localized bond inside each cavity. Different cavity shapes, such as, rectangular, circular, or any other shape that can be injected or filled with adhesive material may be used.

Abstract: A MEMS-based mirror is provided with trenches between adjacent electrodes in order to be able to withstand relatively high applied voltages, and thus has a substantially reduced exposure to uncontrolled surface potentials. The MEMS-based mirror, thus avoids voltage drifts and has an improved mirror position stability. The trench dimensions are selected such that the voltage applied between each adjacent pair of electrodes stays within predefined limits. An insulating layer, such as silicon dioxide, electrically isolates each pair of adjacent electrodes. Each insulting layer extends partially above an associated trench and is characterized by the same height and width dimensions.

Abstract: Compounds of general formula I, and the salts and solvates thereof, wherein R1 represents the radical 2-benzoylphenylamino; R2 represents —(CH2)s—N(COR3)-A-J-T or —(CH2)S—N(R4)—B-J-T; and s, R3, R4, A, B, J and T have the meanings disclosed in the description. These compounds are PPAR? modulators and, therefore, are useful for the treatment or prevention of a condition or a disease mediated by these receptors.

Abstract: The invention relates to carbamates having general structure (I), wherein: R1, R2 and R3 are H, OH, SH, CN, F, Cl, Br, I, (C1–C4)-alkylthio, (C1–C4)-alkoxyl, (C1–C4)-alkoxyl substituted by one or several F radicals, carbamoylamine, (C1–C4)alkyl and (C1–C4)alkyl substituted by one or several F or OH radicals; R4 represents a substituted or non-substituted cycloalkyl or cycloaryl radical (a heteroalkyl radical or not). The amine of the quinuclidine ring can also be forming quaternary ammonium salts or in an oxidized state (N-oxide). Carbamates (I) are antagonists of the M3 muscarinic receptor, and selectively, the M2 receptor. Hence, they can be used in the treatment of urinary incontinence (particularly due to bladder instability), irritable bowel syndrome, diseases of the respiratory tract (particularly chronic obstructive pulmonary disease, chronic bronchitis, asthma, emphysema and rhinitis) and in ophthalmologic operations.

Abstract: An electric power assisted steering system comprising a steering mechanism which operatively connects a steering wheel to the road wheels of the vehicle, a torque sensing means (6) adapted to produce a first output signal indicative of the torque carried by a portion of the steering mechanism (7), a means (6) for producing a second output signal indicative of the angular velocity of the steering wheel, a difference means (21) for determining the difference in value of the torque carried by a portion of the column between two points in time to produce a third output value, an electric motor (1) operatively connected to the steering mechanism, a signal processing unit (7) adapted to receive the two signals and to produce a torque demand signal representative of a torque to be applied to the steering mechanism by the motor (1), and a motor drive stage adapted to provide a drive current to the motor (1) responsive to the torque demand signal, and in which the torque demand signal (1) includes a damping component

Abstract: Compounds of general formula (I), wherein from A1 to A5, and from B1 to B5 are H, alkyl, alkoxyl, halogen, carboxylic derivatives or sulfur derivatives, among others; and from P1 to P3 are H, halogen, alkyl or alkoxyl, among others. Said compounds may be used for the chemoprevention and treatment of both precancerous lesions and cancer.

Abstract: Compounds of general structure (I), wherein the central benzene ring may be substituted in the meta- or para-position; -A is an optionally substituted hydroxyl, alkoxyl, hydroxylamine, alkoxylamine or amine radical; -W is an N- and C-linked biradical selected from several possibilities; and -Z is a carbon radical selected from several possibilities. These compounds are PPAR? and PPAR?/PPAR? modulators and, therefore, are useful for the prophylactic and/or curative treatment of a condition or a disease mediated by these recetpcors.

Abstract: An electric power assisted steering system comprising a steering mechanism which operatively connects a steering wheel to the road wheels of the vehicle, a torque sensing means (6) adapted to produce a first output signal indicative of the torque carried by a portion of the steering mechanism (7), a means (6) for producing a second output signal indicative of the angular velocity of the steering wheel, a difference means (21) for determining the difference in value of the torque carried by a portion of the column between two points in time to produce a third output value, an electric motor (1) operatively connected to the steering mechanism, a signal processing unit (7) adapted to receive the two signals and to produce a torque demand signal representative of a torque to be applied to the steering mechanism by the motor (1), and a motor drive stage adapted to provide a drive current to the motor (1) responsive to the torque demand signal, and in which the torque demand signal (1) includes a damping component

Abstract: The invention relates to carbamates having general structure (I), wherein: R1, R2 and R3 are H, OH, SH, CN, F, Cl, Br, I, (C1-C4)-alkylthio, (C1-C4)-alkoxyl, (C1-C4)-alkoxyl substituted by one or several F radicals, carbamoylamine, (C1-C4)-alkyl and (C1-C4)-alkyl substituted by one or several F or OH radicals; R4 represents a substituted or non-substituted cycloalkyl or cycloaryl radical (a heteroalkyl radical or not). The amine of the quinuclidine ring can also be forming quatemary ammonium salts or in an oxidized state (N-oxide). Carbamates (I) are antagonists of the M3 muscarinic receptor, and selectively, the M2 receptor. Hence, they can be used in the treatment of urinary incontinence (particularly due to bladder instability), irritable bowel syndrome, diseases of the respiratory tract (particularly chronic obstructive pulmonary disease, chronic bronchitis, asthma, emphysema and rhinitis) and in ophthalmologic operations.

Abstract: Carbamate of general formula (I), wherein R1, R2, and R3 are H, OH, NO2, SH, CN, F, Cl, Br, I, COOH, CONH2, (C1-C4)-alkoxycarbonyl, (C1-C4)-alkylsulfanyl, (C1-C4)-alkylsulfinyl, (C1-C4)-alkylsulfonyl, (C1-C4)-alkoxyl optionally substituted with one or several F, and (C1-C4)-alkyl optionally substituted with one or several F or OH; R4 is cycloalkyl, phenyl, heteroaryl or a bicyclic ring system; R5 is cycloalkyl, (C5-C10)-alkyl, a substituted (C1-C10)-alkyl; and X? is a physiologically acceptable anion. Carbamate (I) is selective M3 receptor antagonists versus M2 receptor and may be used for the treatment of urinary incontinence (particularly, the one caused by overactive bladder), irritable bowel syndrome, and respiratory disorders (particularly, chronic obstructive pulmonary disease, chronic bronchitis, asthma, emphysema, and rhinitis), as well as in ophthalmic interventions.

Abstract: Compounds of formula (I), wherein X is O, S, NH, OCO, NH—CO, NH—COO, NH—CO—NH, NH—CS or NH—CS—NH; R4 is H, (C1-C3)-alkyl optionally substituted by halogen, or a C-linked heterocyclic radical selected from several possibilities; R1 and R3 are H or F; and R2 is an N-linked or C-linked heterocyclic radical, are useful in the treatment of microbial infections in human or animal body.