Abstract: Various methods, apparatuses/systems, and media for mediating traffic between an APCR and a TPS. A processor intercepts all traffic between a plurality of APCR and a plurality of TPS; halts a TCP connection from an incoming transaction request; determines that the incoming transaction request has been originated from a particular APCR among the plurality of APCR; checks, based on determining, which TPS or its siblings the incoming transaction request should be routed to; executes, based on checking, a new TCP connection with either the TPS or its siblings; receives, based on the new TCP connection, a response from the connected TPS or its siblings; attaches the response to the halted TCP connection after intercepting the response; resumes the halted TCP connection; and receives the response by an APCR node of the particular APCR in a manner as if directly received from the TPS or its siblings.

Abstract: In one embodiment, a method includes receiving, by one or more interfaces, an optimization application, a request for an optimization, one or more policies required to implement the optimization, and data required to implement the optimization. The method also includes converting, by one or more processors and the optimization application, the one or more policies into optimization constraints and objective functions. The method further includes determining, by one or more processors and the optimization application, a solution to the optimization based on the optimization constraints, the objective functions, and the data.

Abstract: In one embodiment, a method includes receiving, by one or more interfaces, an optimization application, a request for an optimization, one or more policies required to implement the optimization, and data required to implement the optimization. The method also includes converting, by one or more processors and the optimization application, the one or more policies into optimization constraints and objective functions. The method further includes determining, by one or more processors and the optimization application, a solution to the optimization based on the optimization constraints, the objective functions, and the data.

Abstract: In one embodiment, a method includes receiving, by one or more interfaces, an optimization application, a request for an optimization, one or more policies required to implement the optimization, and data required to implement the optimization. The method also includes converting, by one or more processors and the optimization application, the one or more policies into optimization constraints and objective functions. The method further includes determining, by one or more processors and the optimization application, a solution to the optimization based on the optimization constraints, the objective functions, and the data.

Abstract: In one embodiment, a method includes receiving, by one or more interfaces, an optimization application, a request for an optimization, one or more policies required to implement the optimization, and data required to implement the optimization. The method also includes converting, by one or more processors and the optimization application, the one or more policies into optimization constraints and objective functions. The method further includes determining, by one or more processors and the optimization application, a solution to the optimization based on the optimization constraints, the objective functions, and the data.

Abstract: When a first base station is serving a wireless client device (WCD), the first base station provides the WCD with a copy of the WCD context information that the first base station maintains for serving the WCD. When the WCD then experiences a radio-link failure and connects with the second base station, the WCD will forward the provided WCD context information to the second base station, for use by the second base station as a basis to serve the WCD. This process of transferring the context information through the WCD from the old base station to the new base station could help to avoid the need for the second base station to engage in direct context-transfer signaling with the first base station, which could be especially useful in a scenario where the base stations are unable to engage in that direct transfer.

Abstract: A method and system for facilitating the rendering of content by a web service in a local language associated with the user device. The system includes a server configured to receive, from the web service, a request including a locale identifier and user-inputted content received from the user device. The server identifies one or more language parameters based on the locale identifier. In an embodiment, the system provides the language parameters and a content presentation engine to the web service for dynamically rendering the user-inputted content to the user device according to the one or more language parameters. In another embodiment, the server caches a content presentation engine and the language parameters to the user device for rendering content generated by the web service.

Abstract: Methods and systems for embedding VI demands in a software-defined network include mapping virtual nodes over physical nodes in a network topology. An auxiliary graph including virtual links between physical nodes that have a residual capacity sufficient to meet a virtual infrastructure demand is constructed. Virtual links over physical links are mapped to maximize use of existing optical channels and to minimize switching of a virtual link between a wavelength division multiplexing layer and an IP layer. New optical channels with a maximum spectral efficiency are established. A set of potential solutions for embedding a set of virtual infrastructure demands is determined. A solution is selected from the set of potential solutions that maximizes a weighted average of spectrum needed to support the set of virtual infrastructure demands and a cost of provisioning the virtual infrastructure demands.

Abstract: Systems and methods for packet switching in a network, including two or more hybrid packet/circuit switching network architectures configured to connect two or more core level switches in the network architectures, the network architectures being controlled and managed using a centralized software defined network (SDN) control plane. An optical ring network may be configured to interconnect the two or more hybrid network architectures, and one or more hybrid electrical/optical packet/circuit switches configured to perform switching and traffic aggregation. One or more high-speed optical interfaces and one or more low-speed electrical/optical interfaces may be configured to transmit data.

Abstract: There is provided a distance-adaptive and fragmentation-aware all-optical traffic grooming (DFG) method, which addresses the all-optical traffic grooming problem while considering the transmission reach constraints. The DFG procedure provisions traffic demands in optical channels such that the spectrum requires for guard bands is minimized. The DFG procedure provisions optical channels such that network fragmentation is minimized while ensuring the transmission reach constrains over flexible-grid WDM networks.

Abstract: Systems and methods for providing style-based spellchecking are provided. An example system includes a dictionary that includes one or more words in a language. At least one word in the dictionary is based on one or more styles of the language. The system also includes a language module that receives a user selection of the language in which to spellcheck a document. The system further includes a style module that receives a user selection of one or more selected styles of the language. The system also includes a spellchecking module that identifies in the document a word applicable to the one or more selected styles and that determines whether the dictionary includes one or more spellings of the word based on the one or more selected styles.

Abstract: Systems and methods for data transport, including receiving one or more signals into a reconfigurable and flexible rate shared rate multi-transponder network architecture, wherein the network architecture includes one or more transponders with multiple line side interfaces and one or more client side interfaces. The transponders are configured to map one or more signals to multiple parallel Virtual Ethernet Links, remove idle characters from the one or more signals, buffer one or more blocks of characters using an intermediate block buffer, activate and deactivate one or more portions of input/output electrical lanes of an Ethernet module, multiplex and demultiplex the one or more signals to and from the input/output electrical lanes to enable sharing of a single optical transceiver by multiple independent signals, and insert blocks of idle characters to enable transmission over a lower rate transmission pipe.

Abstract: A method and apparatus are provided for embedding cloud demands with shared protection in a software-defined flexible-grid optical transport network. The method includes mapping working virtual nodes of the cloud demands over physical nodes of the network. The method further includes mapping backup virtual nodes of the cloud demands over the physical nodes. The method also includes mapping working virtual links of the cloud demands over physical routes of the network. The method additionally includes mapping backup virtual links of the cloud demands over the physical routes. The mapping steps are performed by an optical-defined controller having a processor.

Abstract: A system and method for assessing translation quality are disclosed. In one example, a computer system receives data associated with a translation from a first text in a first natural language to a second text in a second natural language, wherein the data comprises a first value that is based on one or more semantic errors of the second text, a second value that is based on extraneous content in the second text, and a third value that is based on missing content in the second text; and determining by the computer system, based on the first value, the second value, and the third value, a score that quantifies translation quality of the second text with respect to the first text.

Abstract: A method entails an efficient procedure, namely Compute followed by Network Load Balancing (CNLB), that first maps virtual nodes over physical nodes while balancing computational resources of different types, and finally, maps virtual links over physical routes while balancing network spectral resources.

Abstract: A generic centralized, software-defined networking configuration for connecting network is defined as a generic multi-layer topology network entities interconnected either vertically or horizontally regardless of the employed network topology/graph). This centralized configuration enables establishment of a connection between any two networking entities by 1) bypassing intermediate protocol layers and 2) eliminating any handshaking between peer elements of the same layer. The centralized software-defined controller notifies in parallel all involved network entities along a connection path to take all necessary actions (i.e. reconfiguration) to establish the new connection. The centralized controller has authority to control only entities that are software-defined SD.

Abstract: Methods and systems for flexible-client, flexible-link optical transponders include electrical-to-optical transponders, which accept client data from a flow distributor, and a first multiplexing switch that connects modulated optical carriers from the transponders to line interfaces. The electrical-to-optical transponders each include a flexible optical transport unit (OTU) framer module that compresses multiple optical data units (ODUs) into a single ODU having a higher order than any of the input ODUs to form an optical transport network (OTN) frame. An electrical-to-optical modulator modulates OTN frames onto a carrier. The transponder includes a second multiplexing switch that accepts optical carriers from line interfaces and optical-to-electrical transponders that accept modulated optical carriers from the second multiplexing switch.

Abstract: A method for solving a cloud embedding problem includes first mapping virtual links over physical links followed by virtual nodes over physical nodes. The inventive method entails an efficient procedure, namely network followed by compute load balancing (NCLB), that first maps virtual links over physical links while balancing network resources, and finally, maps virtual nodes over physical nodes while balancing different types of computational resources.

Abstract: We propose an efficient procedure, namely disjoint pair procedure based cloud service embedding procedure that first maps working and backup virtual nodes over physical nodes while balancing computational resources of different types, and finally, maps working and backup virtual links over physical routes while balancing network spectral resources using the disjoint pair procedure.

Abstract: A mechanism for modifying a language of a user interface in a computing device. A method includes receiving, by a computing device, a request to modify a first language of a user interface of the computing device to a second language. The user interface comprises text displayed in the first language. The method also includes converting, by the computing device, the first language of the user interface to the second language during runtime of the computing device without losing a session of a user of the computing device.