Abstract: Embodiments relate to a method including receiving a voltage potential at a gate of a first MOSFET based on a sensed chemical characteristic. The method includes receiving at a backgate of the first MOSFET an AC voltage signal and analyzing, with an analysis circuit connected to one of a first source and a first drain of the MOSFET, the sensed characteristic based on the receiving the voltage potential at the gate of the first MOSFET.

Abstract: A biosensor system incorporating CMOS integrated circuits. In one type of biosensor system, the biosensor system includes a silicon substrate. The biosensor system further includes active devices fabricated on the silicon substrate. Additionally, the biosensor system includes a plurality of metal layers stacked on top of the active devices. Furthermore, the biosensor system includes a passivation layer covering a top metal layer, where the passivation layer includes an opening configured to expose the top metal layer, where the opening is used as a sensing electrode. Additionally, the biosensor system includes a plurality of probes attached to the sensing electrode.

Abstract: This invention provides methods and systems for measuring the concentration of multiple nucleic acid sequences in a sample. The nucleic acid sequences in the sample are simultaneously amplified, for example, using polymerase chain reaction (PCR) in the presence of an array of nucleic acid probes. The amount of amplicon corresponding to the multiple nucleic acid sequences can be measured in real-time during or after each cycle using a real-time microarray. The measured amount of amplicon produced can be used to determine the original amount of the nucleic acid sequences in the sample.

Abstract: This invention provides methods and systems for measuring the concentration of multiple nucleic acid sequences in a sample. The nucleic acid sequences in the sample are simultaneously amplified, for example, using polymerase chain reaction (PCR) in the presence of an array of nucleic acid probes. The amount of amplicon corresponding to the multiple nucleic acid sequences can be measured in real-time during or after each cycle using a real-time microarray. The measured amount of amplicon produced can be used to determine the original amount of the nucleic acid sequences in the sample.

Abstract: A biosensor system incorporating CMOS integrated circuits. In one type of biosensor system, the biosensor system includes a complementary metal-oxide-semiconductor (“CMOS”) integrated circuit. The biosensor system further includes an optical filter fabricated on the CMOS integrated circuit. Additionally, a plurality of capturing probes is optically coupled to the CMOS integrated circuit. Alternatively, another type of biosensor system includes a silicon substrate. The alternative biosensor system further includes active devices fabricated on the silicon substrate. Additionally, the alternative biosensor system includes a plurality of metal layers stacked on top of the active devices. Furthermore, the alternative biosensor system includes a passivation layer covering a top metal layer, where the passivation layer includes an opening configured to expose the top metal layer, where the opening is used as a sensing electrode.

Abstract: A method and device for converting an analog input electrical signal to a digital signal. A plurality of integrated active and/or passive transmission lines may be implemented with signal-dependant propagation velocities. The delay differences of pulses traveling through these transmission lines are compared, and the collective results are used to evaluate and subsequently quantize the input signal.

Abstract: This invention provides methods and systems for measuring the concentration of multiple nucleic acid sequences in a sample. The nucleic acid sequences in the sample are simultaneously amplified, for example, using polymerase chain reaction (PCR) in the presence of an array of nucleic acid probes. The amount of amplicon corresponding to the multiple nucleic acid sequences can be measured in real-time during or after each cycle using a real-time microarray. The measured amount of amplicon produced can be used to determine the original amount of the nucleic acid sequences in the sample.

Abstract: A biosensor array, system and method for affinity based assays that are able to simultaneously obtain high quality measurements of the binding characteristics of multiple analytes, and that are able to determine the amounts of those analytes in solution. The invention also provides a fully integrated bioarray for detecting real-time characteristics of affinity based assays.

Abstract: This invention provides methods and systems for measuring the binding of analytes in solution to probes bound to surfaces in real-time.

Abstract: Devices for detecting a transient electrical signal in a sample are provided. Also provided are systems that include the subject devices. The subject devices and systems find use in a variety of applications, particularly in the characterization of a sample, and more particularly in the characterization of molecular entities in the sample.

Abstract: The disclosure provides methods, device, and systems for analyzing biological array data.

Abstract: Spectral scanning magnetic resonance imaging methods and systems. In preferred methods and systems of the invention, to measure the resonance spectrum of the target object, a plurality of excitation signals in different frequencies and/or waveform shapes are introduced simultaneously to the imaging volume through one or more excitation coils, and the response spectrum is measured also in real-time and/or after excitation. Systems of the invention can be compact and portable, with small magnets providing the deterministic inhomogeneous magnetic field. Preferred embodiments include integrated circuit transmitters and receivers. Preferred systems of the invention are suitable, for example, for point of care medical diagnostics.

Abstract: The present invention concerns methods of quantifying nucleic acids using a bioluminescence regenerative cycle (BRC). In BRC, steady state levels of bioluminescence result from processes that produce pyrophosphate. Pyrophosphate reacts with APS in the presence of ATP sulfurylase to produce ATP. The ATP reacts with luciferin in a luciferase-catalyzed reaction, producing light and regenerating pyrophosphate. The pyrophosphate is recycled to produce ATP and the regenerative cycle continues. Because the kinetic properties of ATP sulfurylase are much faster than luciferase, a steady state results wherein concentrations of ATP and pyrophosphate and the rate of light production remain relatively constant. Photons are counted over a time interval to determine the number of target molecules present in the initial sample. The BRC process has a controllable dynamic range up to seven orders of magnitude and is sensitive enough to detect a few thousand molecules of target nucleic acid.

Abstract: The methods, apparatus and compositions disclosed herein concern the detection, identification and/or quantification of target cells and/or microorganisms in samples. The assays are based on light emission detected from a bioluminescence regenerative cycle (BRC). Light emission may be related to cell and/or microorganism number through the number of ATP and PPi molecules per cell or microorganism. In certain embodiments of the invention, specific target cells and/or microorganisms may be separated from samples using one or more capture molecules, such as antibodies. The cells and/or microorganisms may be lysed, the contents purified in whole or in part and the ATP and PPi contents determined by BRC. Other embodiments of the invention concern apparatus comprising a series of chambers connected by a monodirectional flow channel, each chamber comprising an affinity matrix with one or more binding moieties attached.

Abstract: According to one embodiment, a semiconductor electrochemical biosensor array (SEBA) is described. The SEBA includes an array of electrodes to receive sample material from an external source and sensor circuitry coupled to the array of electrodes. The sensor circuitry includes a plurality of sensor cells to analyze the sample material received at the array of electrodes.

Abstract: The present invention concerns methods of detecting, identifying and/or quantifying nucleic acids using a terminal transferase based assay. Terminal transferase adds nucleotides to the 3? end of single-stranded DNA or the 3? overhang of restricted double-stranded DNA, resulting in production of one molecule of pyrophosphate for each nucleotide incorporated. In various embodiments, a bioluminescence regenerative cycle (BRC) may be used to measure the amount of pyrophosphate produced by terminal transferase activity. In BRC, steady state levels of bioluminescence result from processes that produce pyrophosphate. Pyrophosphate reacts with APS in the presence of ATP sulfurylase to produce ATP. The ATP reacts with luciferin in a luciferase-catalyzed reaction, producing light and regenerating pyrophosphate. The pyrophosphate is recycled to produce ATP and the regenerative cycle continues.

Abstract: The present invention concerns methods, compositions and apparatus for detecting, identifying and/or quantifying target cells or pathogens. In certain embodiments of the invention, the cells or pathogens may be detected by detection of a specific nucleic acid. In other embodiments, the cells or pathogens may be detected by use of an aptamer or a tagged protein that binds to the cells or pathogens. Alternatively, the cells or pathogens may be immobilized on a solid surface and endogenous ATP and/or PPi detected. In preferred embodiments of the invention, the ATP and/or PPi are detected by a process utilizing luciferase mediated bioluminescence, such as BRC. In other preferred embodiments, thermostable enzymes may be used in either isothermal or cyclic thermal reactions to generate PPi. Apparatus and compositions for cell or pathogen analysis are also disclosed.

Abstract: The present invention concerns methods, compositions and apparatus for detecting. Identifying, quantifying and/or sequencing target biomolecules, such as nucleic acids or proteins. Where the target biomolecule is not a nucleic acid, the target or a ligand that binds to the target may be tagged with an oligonucleotide or nucleic acid. The presence of target molecules in samples may be detected by a variety of enzymatic processes that generate a detectable product, such as pyrophosphate (PPi) or ATP. In preferred embodiments of the invention, the product is detected by a bioluminescence regenerative cycle (BRC), utilizing luciferase mediated bioluminescence. In other preferred embodiments, thermostable enzymes may be used in either isothermal or cyclic thermal reactions, such as terminal transferase activity or nucleic acid polymerization, to generate PPi. Apparatus and compositions for biomolecule analysis are also disclosed. Methods for analysis of generated data are also disclosed herein.

Abstract: Devices for detecting a transient electrical signal in a sample are provided. Also provided are systems that include the subject devices. The subject devices and systems find use in a variety of applications, particularly in the characterization of a sample, and more particularly in the characterization of molecular entities in the sample.

Abstract: The present invention concerns methods of quantifying nucleic acids using a bioluminescence regenerative cycle (BRC). In BRC, steady state levels of bioluminescence result from processes that produce pyrophosphate. Pyrophosphate reacts with APS in the presence of ATP sulfurylase to produce ATP. The ATP reacts with luciferin in a luciferase-catalyzed reaction, producing light and regenerating pyrophosphate. The pyrophosphate is recycled to produce ATP and the regenerative cycle continues. Because the kinetic properties of ATP sulfurylase are much faster than luciferase, a steady state results wherein concentrations of ATP and pyrophosphate and the rate of light production remain relatively constant. Photons are counted over a time interval to determine the number of target molecules present in the initial sample. The BRC process has a controllable dynamic range up to seven orders of magnitude and is sensitive enough to detect a few thousand molecules of target nucleic acid.