Abstract: In a railway information transmission method and system wherein information is transmitted by a consecutive transmission mode between an on-vehicle control equipment and a ground control equipment; a redundant code which is updated in a predetermined procedure every transmission processing is affixed to information to-be-communicated, the information being then transmitted, and on a reception side, the redundant code which is contained in the received information is collated with a redundant code which is created on this side and which is updated in a predetermined procedure.

Abstract: In a railway information transmission method and system wherein information is transmitted by a consecutive transmission mode between on-vehicle control equipment and ground control equipment, a redundant code which is updated in accordance with a predetermined procedure every transmission processing is affixed to information to-be-communicated, the information being then transmitted, and on a reception side, the redundant code which is contained in the received information is correlated with a redundant code which is created on this side and which is updated in a predetermined procedure. Thus, the trouble of a transmission path can be simply found, and further, the safety of train service based on an automatic train control or the like can be enhanced.

Abstract: A train detection system is capable of realizing reliable train detection with a train detection apparatus of simple construction using a track circuit. This is attained by a transmitter 11a adding data of a first unique code to a train detecting signal received from wayside controller 100 and transmitting it to a track circuit; a receiver 11b adding data of a second unique code to the train detecting signal added with the first unique code data received from the track circuit and transmitting it to the wayside controller 100; and the wayside controller 100 checking whether or not the data received from the receiver 11b agrees with predetermined data.

Abstract: There are provided apparatuses for generating the motion path of an object. One apparatus includes an input unit for inputting information representative of the position of a start point of the motion of an object, at least one of the magnitude and direction of a velocity at the start point, an end point of the motion of the object, and at least one of the magnitude and direction of a velocity at the end point, and a calculation unit for calculating a motion path from the start point to the end point, in accordance with the information inputted to the input unit. As an alternative of the position and velocity of an object, the rotary angle and angular velocity of an object may be used to represent the facing direction of the object.

Abstract: A three-dimensional graphic system includes a scene origination equipment, a rendering apparatus and a display device. The user interface unit of the scene origination equipment displays on the display screen of the display device. The user interface unit of the scene origination equipment displays on the display screen of the display device a graph which represents the relationship between a distance from a point generated with a cursor and the density of the generated point. The setting of the shape of the displayed graph is accepted on the display screen, and the relationship between the distance from the generated point of the cursor and the density of the generated point is determined in accordance with the accepted setting of the shape of the graph.

Abstract: A gray-scale display device such as a general display for a personal computer or work station, a laser printer or a color printer. A gray-scale font generating apparatus used in the display device includes an input unit for inputting the information representative of a font code, and control unit for acquiring a blend ratio in accordance with the ratio of a font area and a background area in the contour of the shape data of the font corresponding to the information representative of a font code, and making the gradation display of the font with the blend ratio thus acquired. Since the blend ratio is acquired without using work memory, a gray-scale font can be created and output at high speed.

Abstract: A plurality of letter output devices (workstations, printers) are connected to a letter data control device by a transmission path. The control device stores letter data for transmission to the letter output devices, and is able to convert that letter data to a desired layout (e.g. from a vector font to a dot font) and then transmits the converted letter data to one or more of the letter output devices. The control device is able to select part of its stored letter data for transmission so that only commonly used letter data need be transmitted during start up of the system. Since a large amount of letter data may be stored in the control device, and only part may be transmitted to the letter output devices, those output devices can have a relatively small memory.

Abstract: A surface defect evaluating apparatus comprises an X-ray generator having a non-winding type cathode, a first slit device for shaping the X-ray flux from the X-ray generator, a diffraction crystal for obliquely receiving a slit-form X-ray flux passing through the slit device and diffracting the X-ray flux on a specific crystal plane, a second slit device for shaping the X-ray flux from the diffraction crystal, a photographic plate for detecting the intensity distribution of the flux diffracted on the specific crystal plane of a sample such as a semiconductor wafer after a slit-form X-ray flux passing through the second slit device obliquely irradiates the sample, a slit device, and a scintillator, installed at the back side of the photographic plate for detecting the intensity of the X-ray flux.

Abstract: A television broadcasting system intended to bestow a certain level of selectivity on compression systems and multiplexing systems for broadcast program pictures. A transmitting equipment transmits the broadcast program pictures, and transmits control information on transmission systems for the transmitted broadcast program pictures. A receiving equipment includes a reception module which receives a program channel having a plurality of sorts of video information multiplexed therein, selected by a viewer, and also the control information concerning the selected program channel. A reception controller commands a signal separator to produce the outputs of the video information interleaved in those positions of the program channel which are designated by the control information. Besides, the reception controller sends a decoder a decoding program contained in the control information.

Abstract: A train control system includes an equipment for issuing, to a train under control based on a predetermined train schedule, an operational target to be attained in terms of the aimed position, aimed time and aimed speed. Once a target is issued, a possible run region of the train is determined, and another target may be set within the possible run region such that the train is not subjected to the ATC-based speed limitation or the like, thereby minimizing the cause of delay of the train operation.

Abstract: A plurality of letter output devices (workstations, printers) are connected to a letter data control device by a transmission path. The control device stores letter data for transmission to the letter output devices, and is able to convert that letter data to a desired layout (e.g. from a vector font to a dot font) and then transmits the converted letter data to one or more of the letter output devices. The control device is able to select part of its stored letter data for transmission so that only commonly used letter data need be transmitted during start up of the system. Since a large amount of letter data may be stored in the control device, and only part may be transmitted to the letter output devices, those output devices can have a relatively small memory.

Abstract: A graphic processing device is composed of a main storage device, a drawing control device and a drawing device. The main storage device stores data relative to the coordinates of plural graphics. The drawing control device reads out the data relative to the coordinates of the plural graphics stored in the main storage device, scans the coordinate data to calculate the coordinates of intersecting points of a scanning line and the plural graphics for each position of the scanning line. The drawing control device also determines an overlapping area (AND area) or a common area (OR area) of the plural graphics on the basis of the coordinates of the intersecting points of the plural graphics and the scanning line. The drawing device draws the overlapping area (AND area) and the common area (OR area) of the plural graphics as a graphic.

Abstract: In a graphic data processing system of a CAD system for the design of an LSI, there is provided a display screen, a storage in which graphic data structured in the hierarchy of three levels, i.e. a functional block diagram level, a logical symbol level and a circuit component level, and a pointing device for designating a window within the display screen. The display method of the present invention is characterized in that the size of a designated window is judged and the graphic data of the concept level corresponding to the judged size of the window is read out and displayed within the window.

Abstract: A method of extracting an image of a moving object comprises the steps of extracting edge-enhanced input image from an input image taken by an image pick-up element moving in a plane perpendicular to an optical axis, recollecting a background edge-enhanced image from the input edge image, transfer in parallel horizontally and vertically the background edge-enhanced edge image so to correspond to an input edge-enhanced image forwarded successively; extracting an edge image of a moving object by extracting the background edge-enhanced image from the input edge-enhanced image, and renewing the background edge enhanced image based on weighted mean of the background edge enhanced image and the input edge image.