Abstract: Coating material combination consisting of a coating material for forming a surfacer coat and a coating material for forming a topcoat, and use thereof for producing a coating system consisting of a surfacer coat and topcoat on a substrate. The substrate preferably comprises the body or the cabin of a motor vehicle, or a constituent thereof. The coating material combination of the invention is suitable especially for producing coatings consisting of a cured surfacer coat and a cured topcoat on automobiles and commercial vehicles, such as trucks, vans, or buses.

Abstract: An electric motor of an AC-operated, handheld power tool, with a stator that has multiple windings that are accommodated in a laminated stator core and are electrically insulated therefrom with basic insulation, in which stator a rotor is supported so as to be rotatable about an axis of rotation, wherein the rotor has a rotor shaft on which a laminated rotor core with a multiplicity of permanent magnets is held, which laminated rotor core is electrically insulated from the rotor shaft, characterized in that the stator is enclosed by a motor housing that is electrically insulated from the windings of the stator, and in that a supplementary electrical insulation is formed between the motor housing and the rotor shaft.

Abstract: A process for the enzymatic regeneration of the redox cofactors NAD+/NADH and NADP+/NADPH in a one-pot reaction, wherein, as a result of at least two further enzymatically catalyzed redox reactions proceeding in the same reaction batch (product-forming reactions), one of the two redox cofactors accumulates in its reduced form and, respectively, the other one in its oxidized form, characterized in that a) in the regeneration reaction which reconverts the reduced cofactor into its original oxidized form, oxygen or a compound of general formula R1C(O)COOH is reduced, and b) in the regeneration reaction which reconverts the oxidized cofactor into its original reduced form, a compound of general formula R2CH(OH)R3 is oxidized and wherein R1, R2 and R3 in the compounds have different meanings.

Abstract: In an embodiment a growth structure for a radiation-emitting semiconductor component includes a semiconductor substrate containing a material based on arsenide compound semiconductors and a buffer structure arranged on the semiconductor substrate, wherein the buffer structure includes a buffer layer having at least one n-doped layer and wherein the n-doped layer contains oxygen, and a molar fraction of oxygen in the n-doped layer is between 1015 cm?3 and 1019 cm?3, inclusive.

Abstract: The present invention relates to a process for the conversion of D-glucose. The process according to the invention comprises a step a) in which part of the D-glucose is enzymatically oxidized to D-gluconic acid (lactone) and a portion of the D-glucose which is essentially equimolar thereto is reduced to D-sorbitol. In addition to D-glucose, D-fructose is also present in the reaction mixture of step a). The process comprises a further step b) in which D-sorbitol formed from the D-glucose in step a) is enzymatically oxidized to D-fructose.

Abstract: The present invention relates to a process for the conversion of D-glucose. The process according to the invention comprises a step a) in which part of the D-glucose is enzymatically oxidized to D-gluconic acid (lactone) and a portion of the D-glucose which is essentially equimolar thereto is reduced to D-sorbitol. In addition to D-glucose, D-fructose is also present in the reaction mixture of step a). The process comprises a further step b) in which D-sorbitol formed from the D-glucose in step a) is enzymatically oxidized to D-fructose.

Abstract: The present invention provides a process for obtaining n+a oxidation and reduction products from a mixture of n sugars selected from the group consisting of C5 and C6 sugars, wherein n is at least 2 and a is at least 1, wherein at least two of the sugars in the mixture are present at a non-equimolar ratio to each other, wherein, in a first stage, at least one of the sugars which are present at a non-equimolar ratio to each other is oxidized enzymatically and, at the same time, at least one of the other sugars present at a non-equimolar ratio to each other is reduced enzymatically, and wherein, in the first stage, a portion of at least one of the sugars present at a non-equimolar ratio to each other is not converted, and which is characterized in that, in at least a second stage, at least a portion of the sugar not converted in the first stage is oxidized enzymatically by half and, respectively, is reduced enzymatically by the remaining half.

Abstract: A process for converting a sugar from a hemicellulose-containing material into the form of a compound having at least one ionic binding site, which is characterized in that the hemicellulose-containing material is hydrolyzed enzymatically or non-enzymatically and the obtained hydrolysate is subjected to a conversion involving at least one enzymatic step, wherein sugars are released and the released sugars are converted into compounds having at least one ionic binding site, and the use of such a process.

Abstract: A process for the enzymatic regeneration of the redox cofactors NAD+/NADH and NADP+/NADPH in a one-pot reaction, wherein, as a result of at least two further enzymatically catalyzed redox reactions proceeding in the same reaction batch (product-forming reactions), one of the two redox cofactors accumulates in its reduced form and, respectively, the other one in its oxidized form, characterized in that a) in the regeneration reaction which reconverts the reduced cofactor into its original oxidized form, oxygen or a compound of general formula R1C(O)COOH is reduced, and b) in the regeneration reaction which reconverts the oxidized cofactor into its original reduced form, a compound of general formula R2CH(OH)R3 is oxidized and wherein R1, R2 and R3 in the compounds have different meanings.

Abstract: Provided is a method for producing a coating that includes a surfacer coat and topcoat on a substrate and including applying a first coating material to an untreated substrate or a substrate coated with a cured electrodeposition coat, and applying a second coating material to the surfacer coat. The produced coating system is cured to form the coating. The first and second coating materials are compatible according to DIN EN ISO 12944-5:2008-01, and the second application takes place before the first coating material has reached drying stage 1 according to DIN 53150:2002-09, and the drying stage is determined according to EN ISO 9117-3:2010. The method is suitable for producing coatings on automobiles and commercial vehicles, such as trucks, vans, and buses.

Abstract: A process for the enzymatic regeneration of the redox cofactors NAD+/NADH and NADP+/NADPH in a one-pot reaction, wherein, as a result of at least two further enzymatically catalyzed redox reactions proceeding in the same reaction batch (product-forming reactions), one of the two redox cofactors accumulates in its reduced form and, respectively, the other one in its oxidized form, characterized in that a) in the regeneration reaction which reconverts the reduced cofactor into its original oxidized form, oxygen or a compound of general formula R1C(O)COOH is reduced, and b) in the regeneration reaction which reconverts the oxidized cofactor into its original reduced form, a compound of general formula R2CH(OH)R3 is oxidized and wherein R1, R2 and R3 in the compounds have different meanings.

Abstract: An impact screwdriver having a housing includes an impact mechanism including a hammer interacting with an anvil for driving a tool, wherein the hammer is arranged on a drive shaft so as to be axially movable and preloaded in the axial direction, and wherein the hammer is driven by the drive shaft via a driver and is preloaded counter to the force of a spring element in order to trip and to transmit a rotary impulse to the anvil when a particular rotation angle is exceed, wherein the hammer and the anvil are mounted in a manner electrically insulated from one another and are connected to a voltage source, and wherein a sensor is provided for monitoring a current flow between the hammer and anvil during contact thereof for determining a contact duration between the hammer and anvil.

Abstract: A method for the isolation of lignin from a lignocellulosic biomass, comprising providing a lignocellulosic biomass; extracting sugar free lignin from the lignocellulosic biomass by contacting said biomass with an organic aqueous solution comprising water and at least one water miscible organic solvent, either discontinuously or continuously, whereby a biomass-solvent suspension is formed; separating the sugar free lignin solution from the biomass-solvent suspension to obtain a sugar free lignin solution and a cellulosic material enriched with lignin carbohydrate complexes and hemicellulose, and optionally isolating sugar free lignin from the sugar free lignin solution; extracting the lignin carbohydrate complexes from the cellulosic material enriched with lignin carbohydrate complexes and hemicellulose by contacting said cellulosic material with a liquid comprising at least water, whereby treated biomass suspension is formed; separating the lignin carbohydrate complexes solution from said treated biomass sus

Abstract: The present invention provides a process for obtaining n+a oxidation and reduction products from a mixture of n sugars selected from the group consisting of C5 and C6 sugars, wherein n is at least 2 and a is at least 1, wherein at least two of the sugars in the mixture are present at a non-equimolar ratio to each other, wherein, in a first stage, at least one of the sugars which are present at a non-equimolar ratio to each other is oxidized enzymatically and, at the same time, at least one of the other sugars present at a non-equimolar ratio to each other is reduced enzymatically, and wherein, in the first stage, a portion of at least one of the sugars present at a non-equimolar ratio to each other is not converted, and which is characterized in that, in at least a second stage, at least a portion of the sugar not converted in the first stage is oxidized enzymatically by half and, respectively, is reduced enzymatically by the remaining half.

Abstract: Coating material combination consisting of a coating material for forming a surfacer coat and a coating material for forming a topcoat, and use thereof for producing a coating system consisting of a surfacer coat and topcoat on a substrate. The substrate preferably comprises the body or the cabin of a motor vehicle, or a constituent thereof. The coating material combination of the invention is suitable especially for producing coatings consisting of a cured surfacer coat and a cured topcoat on automobiles and commercial vehicles, such as trucks, vans, or buses.

Abstract: The present invention relates to a method for producing a coating consisting of a cured surfacer coat and topcoat on a substrate, and also to a substrate coated by the method of the invention. The substrate preferably comprises the body or the cabin of a motor vehicle, or a constituent thereof. The method of the invention is suitable especially for producing coatings on automobiles and commercial vehicles, such as trucks, vans, or buses.

Abstract: A process for the production of furan derivatives from D-glucose, wherein A) D-glucose is converted into D-fructose in an enzymatic process, wherein redox cofactors are used and regenerated, whereby, as a result of at least two further enzymatically catalyzed redox reactions proceeding in the same reaction batch, one of the two redox cofactors accumulates in its reduced form and, respectively, the other one in its oxidized form, whereby D-glucose is converted into D-fructose, involving two or more oxidoreductases, and B) D-fructose is converted into furan derivatives, and the use of furan derivatives produced in this manner.

Abstract: A process for the enzymatic regeneration of the redox cofactors NAD+/NADH and NADP+/NADPH in a one-pot reaction, wherein, as a result of at least two further enzymatically catalyzed redox reactions proceeding in the same reaction batch (product-forming reactions), one of the two redox cofactors accumulates in its reduced form and, respectively, the other one in its oxidized form, characterized in that a) in the regeneration reaction which reconverts the reduced cofactor into its original oxidized form, oxygen or a compound of general formula R1C(O)COOH is reduced, and b) in the regeneration reaction which reconverts the oxidized cofactor into its original reduced form, a compound of general formula R2CH(OH)R3 is oxidized and wherein R1, R2 and R3 in the compounds have different meanings.

Abstract: A process for the enzymatic regeneration of the redox cofactors NAD+/NADH and NADP+/NADPH in a one-pot reaction, wherein, as a result of at least two further enzymatically catalyzed redox reactions proceeding in the same reaction batch (product-forming reactions), one of the two redox cofactors accumulates in its reduced form and, respectively, the other one in its oxidized form, characterized in that a) in the regeneration reaction which reconverts the reduced cofactor into its original oxidized form, oxygen or a compound of general formula R1C(O)COOH is reduced, and b) in the regeneration reaction which reconverts the oxidized cofactor into its original reduced form, a compound of general formula R2CH(OH)R3 is oxidized and wherein R1, R2 and R3 in the compounds have different meanings.

Abstract: A method for the isolation of lignin from a lignocellulosic biomass, comprising providing a lignocellulosic biomass; extracting sugar free lignin from the lignocellulosic biomass by contacting said biomass with an organic aqueous solution comprising water and at least one water miscible organic solvent, either discontinuously or continuously, whereby a biomass-solvent suspension is formed; separating the sugar free lignin solution from the biomass-solvent suspension to obtain a sugar free lignin solution and a cellulosic material enriched with lignin carbohydrate complexes and hemicellulose, and optionally isolating sugar free lignin from the sugar free lignin solution; extracting the lignin carbohydrate complexes from the cellulosic material enriched with lignin carbohydrate complexes and hemicellulose by contacting said cellulosic material with a liquid comprising at least water, whereby treated biomass suspension is formed; separating the lignin carbohydrate complexes solution from said treated biomass sus