Abstract: Embodiments of the present invention provide a GMPLS fast re-route of packets within a network using a multicast address and a table comprising a list of alias IP addresses. According to various embodiments of the invention an alternate data path from a source node to a destination node allows a packet to traverse to the destination node without IP forwarding techniques being applied. In other words, a tunneling effect from a source node to a destination node allows other nodes in the network to ignore the packet and only read the multicast address within the header and immediately forward the packet to the destination node. A predetermined set of IP addresses are determined from network topology including all potential paths, for a packet to traverse, to a destination address.

Abstract: A network device includes a multi-chassis system in which each chassis includes a RSVP-TE protocol stack that may provide RSVP-TE services for LSP tunnels associated with each chassis. The multi-chassis system may include an administrative chassis. The administrative chassis may forward RSVP messages to other chassis of the network device. The administrative chassis may encapsulate the RSVP messages with a chassis address. The other chassis may de-encapsulate the RSVP messages and process the RSVP messages according to the RSVP-TE protocol. The administrative chassis may obtain session information associated with other chassis based on RSVP messages received. The administrative chassis may manage adjacency mechanisms and failure and recovery mechanisms. The multi-chassis system including the distributed RSVP-TE protocol stacks may minimize scalability issues and improve performance when high-capacity routing and/or switching services are needed.

Abstract: A method includes receiving client data; extracting overhead data from the client data; mapping the client data into one or more frames, where each of the one or more frames has a frame payload section and a frame overhead section, where the client data is mapped into the frame payload section of the one or more frames; inserting the overhead data into the frame overhead section of the one or more frames; transporting the one or more frames across a network; extracting the overhead data from the frame overhead section of the one or more frames; recovering the client data from the one or more frames; inserting the extracted overhead data into the recovered client data to create modified client data; and outputting the modified client data.

Abstract: A system, apparatus, and method for providing a plurality of internal VLANs within a networking element/node are described. Internal VLAN topologies are provisioned so that a particular VLAN(S) communicate traffic to corresponding applications. This segregation of internal traffic across a VLAN topology reduces the amount of interference between the traffic. Redundancy across the VLAN topology is provided so that traffic may be switched to another path in the event of a failure.

Abstract: A node, of a group of nodes, may detect a failure on a first path; establish a connection associated with a second path when the failure on the first path is detected; store an identifier in a field in an overhead portion of a data frame when the failure on the first path is detected, the data frame including a payload portion that contains a client signal, the identifier instructing another one of the nodes to establish a connection associated with the second path; and transmit the data frame to the other one of the nodes via the second path.

Abstract: Embodiments of the present invention route a WDM signal across multiple communication paths using skew characteristics of at least some of the communication paths. The network is an optical transport network, using either circuit or packet based switching, and wavelength division multiplexed wavelengths and/or optical carrier groups (“OCGs”) over a fiber link to another node in the network. The plurality of communication paths involves different signal and path attributes such as a plurality of carrier wavelengths, optical carrier groups, physical communication paths (different nodes, different fibers along a same path, or any combination of the foregoing), or any other differentiating factors between two paths.

Abstract: The invention discloses a mobile communication apparatus, for communicating with a callee or a caller through a first communication network. The mobile communication apparatus includes a communication module and a processing module. The communication module is used to connect the first communication network and a second communication network; whereas the processing module is connected to the communication module, for comparing signal quality of the first communication network with signal quality of the second communication network. Particularly, the mobile communication apparatus of the invention can switch the communication networks without hanging up the current communication.

Abstract: A method of using an available mobile communication terminal as a relay station is applied to base stations (BS) and mobile communication terminals, and each mobile communication terminal can function as a relay station. When a mobile communication terminal performs communication and signals received from a base station are in a state of being weak, a relay request is sent to the base station to search for available mobile communication terminals having communication signals stronger than the signals learned to be weak within a coverage area of the base station which sends out a notice message. After receiving the notice message, an available mobile communication terminal is selected as a relay station, and a register request is sent to the relay station for connecting to the mobile communication terminal. Upon accepting the register request, the mobile communication terminal can be connected to the base station through the relay station.

Abstract: When a caller communications device receives a calling instruction from an input unit of a caller communications device, the image capturing unit takes an instant picture. The caller communications device then sends the instant picture and calling data to a communications server. Afterwards, the communications server sets up a communication link with a receiver communications device according to the calling data so as to forward the instant picture to the receiver communications device. Then the instant picture is displayed on a display of the receiver communications device. After the communications server receives a confirmation instruction from the receiver communications device, a communication link is established between the caller communications device and the receiver communications device.

Abstract: The present invention provides a system, apparatus and method to compute a route through a network having both digital nodes and optical express-thru nodes. According to various embodiments of the invention, a network topology is generated in which both digital nodes, optical express-thru nodes, and optical nodes are identified, and both physical and virtual links between these nodes are mapped. The network connectivity is identified, at least in part, by broadcasting a local link state advertisement and optical carrier group binding information to neighboring nodes, which enables both physical and virtual neighboring nodes to be identified. Once a topology is generated, both physical and virtual link characteristics are analyzed to ensure link diversity for traffic through the network and load balancing functionality across the network.

Abstract: Embodiments of the present invention provide a GMPLS fast re-route of packets within a network using a multicast address and a table comprising a list of alias IP addresses. According to various embodiments of the invention an alternate data path from a source node to a destination node allows a packet to traverse to the destination node without IP forwarding techniques being applied. In other words, a tunneling effect from a source node to a destination node allows other nodes in the network to ignore the packet and only read the multicast address within the header and immediately forward the packet to the destination node. A predetermined set of IP addresses are determined from network topology including all potential paths, for a packet to traverse, to a destination address.

Abstract: Embodiments of the present invention route a WDM signal across multiple communication paths using skew characteristics of at least some of the communication paths. The network is an optical transport network, using either circuit or packet based switching, and wavelength division multiplexed wavelengths and/or optical carrier groups (“OCGs”) over a fiber link to another node in the network. The plurality of communication paths involves different signal and path attributes such as a plurality of carrier wavelengths, optical carrier groups, physical communication paths (different nodes, different fibers along a same path, or any combination of the foregoing), or any other differentiating factors between two paths.

Abstract: Embodiments of the present invention determine skew relative to a plurality of communication paths on a network system. The network is a wavelength division multiplexed optical transport network. The plurality of communication paths involves different signal and path attributes such as a plurality of carrier wavelengths, optical carrier groups, physical communication paths (different nodes, different fibers along a same path, or any combination of the foregoing), or any other differentiating factors between two paths.

Abstract: The present invention provides a system, apparatus and method for discovery of network elements, which are adjacent within the network data plane but may or may not be adjacent in the network control plane. In one embodiment of the present invention, digital network elements, with a plurality thereof having a lambda switching capability (hereinafter “LSC”) interface, is provided. A digital network element with an LSC interface originates and sends a local advertisement to its immediate control neighbor. Using this LSC originated advertisements; a neighboring network element may be discovered that is adjacent on the network data plane.

Abstract: A system, apparatus, and method for providing a plurality of internal VLANs within a networking element/node are described. Internal VLAN topologies are provisioned so that a particular VLAN(S) communicate traffic to corresponding applications. This segregation of internal traffic across a VLAN topology reduces the amount of interference between the traffic. Redundancy across the VLAN topology is provided so that traffic may be switched to another path in the event of a failure.

Abstract: The present invention provides a system, apparatus and method for providing point-to-point inter-chassis connections within chassis systems and/or network nodes. Multi-chassis systems within a network employ a protocol wherein a peer discovery process is initiated and the discovered neighbors are authentically verified before establishing an active state between point-to-point inter-chassis links.

Abstract: A method for protecting a span that connects a first node to a second node in a communication network includes the steps of creating a first protection virtual path connecting the first node with the second node through at least a third node using a routing-protocol and a signaling-protocol and monitoring a failure condition in the span. Upon detecting the failure condition in the span, the method also includes the steps of switching automatically to the first protection virtual path, and creating a new protection virtual path, using the routing-protocol and the signaling-protocol, for each span in the first protection virtual path, connecting two nodes at each end of the given span through at least another node.

Abstract: A system and method for automatically generating a topology of a network having synchronous optical network (SONET) switches. Switches in the network pass information about itself to other switches in the network so that every switch can maintain a topology of the network. Using this knowledge of the network topology, each switch can generate a communication route within the network and automatically allot bandwidth for the route. Each switch may generate a new route in response to a line failure.

Abstract: A system and method for automatically generating a protection route as an alternative to a working route through a network of switches prior to network failure. A switch selects the proposed protection route so that the protection route is disjoint from the working route. Next, a switch or switches determines whether bandwidth is available for the proposed protection route. If so, the protection route is set-up for activation when needed.

Abstract: An embodiment of the invention is a network element including a monitor module for monitoring received network traffic on a uni-directional, first working link and detecting a failure in the first working link. A controller in communication with the monitor module is notified of a failure in the first working link. A mesh protection service (MPS) module is in communication with the controller. The MPS module transmits an MPS message signal using uni-directional communications. The MPS message signal identifies the first working link.

Abstract: Engine control apparatus for use in passenger cars and other applications includes a special calibration of the intake mixture preparation system. Although this calibration duplicates the optimum calibration for use with a continuously variable transmission (CVT), the apparatus instead includes, for reasons of practicality, a discrete-ratio powershift transmission. Also included is a feedback control system which dispenses with the conventional mechanical connection between accelerator pedal and engine throttle valve. This drive-by-wire control system operates the engine as closely as is practical to the optimum CVT engine operating schedule, a predominantly wide-open-throttle engine operating schedule. The overall combination of special engine calibration and drive-by-wire control with a discrete-ratio transmission can offer the majority of the fuel economy advantage available with a CVT.