Abstract: Systems and methods for a multi-layer network to achieve network resource isolation among clients using the same server network, such as a VPN in a multi-layered network and interaction within the node, may include interaction between a server layer (e.g. L0 Photonic network) and the client layer (e.g. L1 network) that help the client layer (L1) gather information about the server-layer (L0) connection affinities. For example, the use of server layer (L0) connection affinities to construct Virtual Network Topologies (VNT) and/or network abstractions for customer traffic isolations in client layer (L1), the use of VNT to offer physical and/or logical network resource isolation for L1 customers, and provide L1 VPN services in a multi-layer environment.

Abstract: Systems for actuating at least two engine valves comprise a valve bridge operatively connected to the at least two engine valves and having a hydraulically-actuated lost motion component. The lost motion component comprises a lost motion check valve disposed therein. A rocker arm has a motion receiving end configured to receive valve actuation motions from a valve actuation motion source and a motion imparting end for conveying the valve actuation motions and hydraulic fluid to the lost motion component. The rocker arm is in fluid communication with a hydraulic fluid supply. The systems also comprise an accumulator in fluid communication with the hydraulic fluid supply and disposed upstream of the lost motion check valve. In all embodiments, a fluid supply check valve may be disposed upstream of the accumulator and configured to prevent flow of hydraulic fluid from the accumulator back to the hydraulic fluid supply.

Abstract: A method includes the steps of: (1) generating, by circuitry of a first node, an advertising message including (a) a working path bandwidth demand; (b) an identification of at least two communication links in a shared risk link group of the working path; and (c) at least one protecting path and a bitmap indicative of failure of at least one first communication link in the shared risk link group that causes the at least one protecting path to be used; and (2) transmitting the advertising message from the first node to second nodes within a mesh network.

Abstract: A method for determining a path through a communication network may include determining a first and second path from a first device to a second device based on path latency, removing from further consideration the first or the second path based on which has the highest path latency of the first and second path, and determining path candidates until a path candidate is found with the lowest differential latency between the determined first or second path and the path candidate.

Abstract: A switch network may include a plurality of switch stages arranged in sequential stages. The plurality of switch stages may include a first switch stage connected to a plurality of inputs, a second switch stage connected to each switch in the first switch stage, a third switch connected to each switch in the second switch stage, a fourth switch stage connected to each of the switches in the third switch stage, and a fifth switch stage connected to a plurality of outputs and each switch in the fourth switch stage, and a control element configured to control each of the plurality of switch stages for routing a signal from one of the plurality of inputs to one of the plurality of outputs.

Abstract: An optimized communication network may include an edge switch capable of transporting and switching L1 and L2 traffic and configured to selectively transport and switch L2 traffic using L1 protocols.

Abstract: Aerosol formulations of granisetron useful for pulmonary delivery are provided. The formulations are useful in the reduction, elimination or prevention of nausea and vomiting associated with chemotherapy, radiation therapy, and surgery. Also provided are novel methods to treat chemotherapy-induced nausea and vomiting (CINV), radiation-induced nausea and vomiting (RINV), and post-operative nausea and vomiting (PONV) using the inhalation formulations.

Abstract: Aerosol formulations of ondansetron useful for pulmonary delivery are provided. The formulations are useful in the reduction, elimination or prevention of nausea and vomiting associated with chemotherapy, radiation therapy, and surgery. Also provided are novel methods to treat chemotherapy-induced nausea and vomiting (CINV), radiation-induced nausea and vomiting (RINV), and post-operative nausea and vomiting (PONV) using the inhalation formulations.

Abstract: A method for receiving, by circuitry of an optical node adapted for wavelength multiplexing and wavelength switching, a signal over OSC comprising overhead information indicative of status of at least one of an optical layer in an OTN; wherein the signal utilizes OC-N frame format comprising a first STS frame, a second STS frame, and a third STS frame, the STS frames having a format wherein the information is assigned to a number of bits designated for OAM information, wherein the bits are assigned to bytes within a transport overhead portion of the STS frame format within the OC-N frame format; terminating, by circuitry of the optical node, the signal at the optical node; and notifying, by circuitry of the optical node, software of the status of the optical layer in the OTN.

Abstract: The present invention provides novel aminoisoquinoline compounds as defined in the specification, compositions thereof use of these compounds as protein kinase inhibitors and as therapeutic agents for treatment of Raf kinase, in particular BRAFV600E kinase, related diseases or disorders, such as cancers. In addition, the invention also includes methods and processes for preparing these novel aminoisoquinoline compounds.

Abstract: Methods and nodes are disclosed for the support of traffic protection and recovery in mesh networks having multiple nodes communicating via communication links. The problem of timely and reliable Shared Mesh Protection message delivery is addressed through creation of protocols and encoding of Shared Mesh Protection messages within an overhead of the optical data unit container, and by processing the Shared Mesh Protection messages by intermediate nodes of the mesh network. Thus, the Shared Mesh Protection messages are transmitted through the data plane with the transmission of user data.

Abstract: A node may determine a failure in a first path for routing first optical network traffic between a first set of networking devices, where the first path includes a first set of optical transport nodes. The node may determine a second path for routing the first optical network traffic between the first set of networking devices, where the second path includes a second set of optical transport nodes that route second optical network traffic between a second set of networking devices. The second set of optical transport nodes may include at least one node that is not included in the first set of optical transport nodes. The node may pre-empt routing of the second optical network traffic via the second path, and may route the first optical network traffic via the second path after pre-empting routing of the second optical network traffic via the second path.

Abstract: A method for receiving, by circuitry of an optical node adapted for wavelength multiplexing and wavelength switching, over an OSC an optical signal comprising overhead information indicative of status of at least one of an optical layer in an OTN; terminating the optical signal; notifying software of the status of the optical layer; detecting, based on the status of the optical layer, a uni-directional or bi-directional failure of a working path between the optical node and a second optical node, wherein the working path carries data traffic from the first optical node to the second optical node in the OTN when there is no failure in the working path; and switching, triggered by the uni-directional or bi-directional failure of the working path, to select the data traffic from a protection path, wherein the protection path carries data traffic between the optical node and the second optical node.

Abstract: Nodes and methods are disclosed for protection and restoration in the event of multiple failures for multiple paths involved for the same service in shared mesh networks, including, a method comprising the steps of storing, in non-transitory memory of a first node in a shared mesh network having a plurality of connections through the shared mesh network, records of global contention handling priority values of the plurality of connections; detecting a first signal from a second node requesting activation of a first connection of the plurality of connections, and a second signal from a third node requesting activation of a second connection of the plurality of connections, the first and second connections having overlapping requirements; determining that the second connection has a higher global contention handling priority value than the first connection based at least in part on the records; and activating the second connection.

Abstract: Methods and nodes are disclosed for OAM configuring one or more tandem connection monitoring layers through GMPLS signaling during GMPLS sub-network connection (SNC) establishment. Additionally, methods and nodes are disclosed for OAM configuring one or more tandem connection monitoring layers through GMPLS signaling after GMPLS sub-network connection establishment, that is, for existing connections.

Abstract: Systems for actuating at least two engine valves comprise a valve bridge operatively connected to the at least two engine valves and having a hydraulically-actuated lost motion component. The lost motion component comprises a lost motion check valve disposed therein. A rocker arm has a motion receiving end configured to receive valve actuation motions from a valve actuation motion source and a motion imparting end for conveying the valve actuation motions and hydraulic fluid to the lost motion component. The rocker arm is in fluid communication with a hydraulic fluid supply. The systems also comprise an accumulator in fluid communication with the hydraulic fluid supply and disposed upstream of the lost motion check valve. In all embodiments, a fluid supply check valve may be disposed upstream of the accumulator and configured to prevent flow of hydraulic fluid from the accumulator back to the hydraulic fluid supply.

Abstract: The present invention provides a system, apparatus and method for discovery of network elements, which are adjacent within the network data plane but may or may not be adjacent in the network control plane. In one embodiment of the present invention, digital network elements, with a plurality thereof having a lambda switching capability (hereinafter “LSC”) interface, is provided. A digital network element with an LSC interface originates and sends a local advertisement to its immediate control neighbor. Using this LSC originated advertisements; a neighboring network element may be discovered that is adjacent on the network data plane.

Abstract: Nodes and methods are disclosed for protection and restoration to protect against multiple failures for multiple paths involved for the same service in mesh networks, including, determining, by circuitry of a first node in a mesh network, a failure of a working path between the first node and a second node, wherein the second node, when triggered by the failure of the working path, switches to a protection path. Methods further include establishing through transmission of at least one signal by circuitry of the first node at least one recovery path, for example, a restored-working path, after determining the failure of the at least one working path, wherein the at least one restored-working path carries a duplicate of the data traffic transmitted on the protection path in case of failure of the protection path.

Abstract: A switch network may include a plurality of switch stages arranged in sequential stages. The plurality of switch stages may include a first switch stage connected to a plurality of inputs, a second switch stage connected to each switch in the first switch stage, a third switch connected to each switch in the second switch stage, a fourth switch stage connected to each of the switches in the third switch stage, and a fifth switch stage connected to a plurality of outputs and each switch in the fourth switch stage, and a control element configured to control each of the plurality of switch stages for routing a signal from one of the plurality of inputs to one of the plurality of outputs.

Abstract: Methods and systems are disclosed for storing, in a non-transitory memory device, multi-layer network information comprising at least one of link availability, bandwidth availability, priority levels for paths in a multi-layer network, path status in the multi-layer network, and status for network elements in the multi-layer network; receiving, via at least one input component, a message from a network element in the network comprising information indicative of a failure of a working path in the network; determining, automatically, based at least in part on the multi-layer network information, an alternate path for transmission of the data traffic through the network; and transmitting, via at least one output component, at least one signal comprising configuration instructions to at least one optical line module, the configuration instructions directing the optical line module to switch and select the data traffic using the alternate path.