Abstract: A Megasonic cleaning apparatus having at least one reflector (e.g., a parabolic or paraboloid reflector) positioned to collect otherwise wasted cleaning energy and redirect that energy to one or a plurality of positions on a wafer's edge is provided. A first embodiment comprises a complex parabolic reflector which has a width greater than that of the wafer and a preferred length approximately equal to the diameter of the wafer, and which is shaped to provide focal points which vary along the length of the parabolic reflector, such that energy striking the reflector at different points along the reflector's length is directed to a plurality of different points along the wafer's edge.

Abstract: A sonic tank for cleaning substrates is provided. The tank has two or more upwardly angled walls. Arrays of one or more transducers are positioned along at least two of the two or more angled walls. The transducer arrays are alternately energized maintaining nearly 100% substrate surface cleaning at any given time, and 50% duty cycle (or less) for each transducer array. The substrate supports are positioned such that nearly every point along the substrate's surface is contacted by energy from at least one transducer, and transducer opposing walls are positioned to avoid interfering reflections therefrom.

Abstract: A method and apparatus for cleaning, rinsing and Marangoni drying substrates is provided. A line of fluid is sprayed along a substrate surface forming an air/fluid interface line, and a line of drying vapor is supplied to the interface line to achieve Marangoni drying. Thus, a large portion of the substrate is simultaneously dried. A preferred apparatus employs a tank of cleaning and/or rinsing fluid. Above the tank fluid a source of rinsing fluid directs rinsing fluid to the surface of a substrate forming a meniscus on the substrate surface as the substrate is lifted from the cleaning fluid, and a drying vapor source directs drying vapor to the meniscus. The drying vapor lowers the surface tension of the meniscus, inducing a Marangoni flow of rinsing fluid from the substrate's surface, and thereby drying the substrate. The cleaning fluid tank has a substrate receiving and cleaning portion and a substrate rinsing portion.

Abstract: A chemical mechanical polishing apparatus includes a pad conditioner having a conditioner head, a cleaning cup for receiving and cleaning the conditioner head of the pad conditioner, and a fluid dispenser for dispensing a cleaning fluid onto the conditioner head.

Abstract: A system for vacuum-processing objects such as electronic integrated circuit wafers comprises (a) a carrier for transporting the wafers under vacuum in a cassette, the cassette being supported on a movable wall that serves as a bottom cover member of the carrier; and (b) a processing machine having a transfer chamber that is also maintained under vacuum, the transfer chamber having a movable wall in the form of an elevatable stage that sealingly closes the transfer chamber in its outermost position. There is a small sealingly closed interface chamber extending between the movable walls when the cassette is mounted onto the machine. A vacuum pump evacuates the interface chamber in preparation for lowering of the cassette into the transfer chamber by an elevator mechanism.

Abstract: An inventive edge cleaning device is provided for cleaning the edge a thin disc such as a semiconductor wafer. The inventive edge cleaning device has a sonic nozzle positioned so as to direct a liquid jet at the edge surface of the thin disc. Preferably the sonic nozzle is radially spaced from the thin disc's edge so that scrubbing, spin rinsing or spin cleaning may be simultaneously performed on the major surfaces of the thin disc as the thin disc edge is cleaned by the sonic nozzle. The liquid jet may include deionized water, NH4OH, KOH, TMAH, HF, citric acid, a surfactant, or other similar cleaning solutions, and the nozzle may remain stationary as the thin disc rotates or the nozzle may scan the circumference of the thin disc to clean the entire edge of the thin disc.

Abstract: An apparatus for cleaning a substrate includes a source of pressurized carrier gas and a body of cleaning agent in liquid form. A first conduit directs the pressurized carrier gas from the carrier gas source to the body of cleaning agent. A second conduit carries a flow of the carrier gas away from the body of the cleaning agent. The carrier gas flow carried by the second conduit includes cleaning agent in vapor form acquired from the body of cleaning agent. A nozzle is coupled to the second conduit to cause droplets of the cleaning agent to impinge upon a first face of the substrate to be cleaned.

Abstract: A method and apparatus for cleaning, rinsing and Marangoni drying substrates is provided. A line of fluid is sprayed along a substrate surface forming an air/fluid interface line, and a line of drying vapor is supplied to the interface line to achieve Marangoni drying. Thus, a large portion of the substrate is simultaneously dried. A preferred apparatus employs a tank of cleaning and/or rinsing fluid. Above the tank fluid a source of rinsing fluid directs rinsing fluid to the surface of a substrate forming a meniscus on the substrate surface as the substrate is lifted from the cleaning fluid, and a drying vapor source directs drying vapor to the meniscus. The drying vapor lowers the surface tension of the meniscus, inducing a Marangoni flow of rinsing fluid from the substrate's surface, and thereby drying the substrate. The cleaning fluid tank has a substrate receiving and cleaning portion and a substrate rinsing portion.

Abstract: A transducer is coupled either directly in a linear relationship, or remotely in an angular relationship, to a focusing element. The transducer and focusing element preferably extend a length at least equal to the diameter of a substrate to be cleaned thereby. The transducer and focusing assembly impart focused megasonic energy to a fluid in contact therewith. Three embodiments of a cleaning system which advantageously employ the transducer/focuser assembly are disclosed. The transducer/focuser assemblies preferably focus megasonic energy in a line across the substrate's surface, the substrate is then scanned past the lines of energy such that the substrate's entire surface is cleaned.

Abstract: The present invention provides a method and apparatus for delivering one or more rinse agents to a surface, such as a polishing pad surface and preferably one or more polishing fluids. The invention also provides a method of cleaning one or more surfaces, such as a polishing pad surface and a substrate surface, by delivering a spray of one or more rinse agents to the surface and, preferably, causing the rinse agent to flow across the surface from a central region to an outer region where unwanted debris and material is collected.

Abstract: A method and apparatus for cleaning wafer edges is provided. The inventive wafer cleaner employs a transducer equal in length to the diameter of a wafer to be cleaned, and positioned to direct sonic energy in line with the wafer's edge. Supporting and rotating mechanisms are positioned along the wafer's edge, outside of the transducer's high energy field, and preferably such that approximately 50 percent of the wafer is positioned between the wafer supports and the transducer. Therefore, minimal sonic energy is blocked from reaching the wafer's surface. The transducer dimensions relative to the wafer, and the positioning of the wafer supports relative to the transducer enable the system to achieve an approximately 50 percent edge cleaning duty cycle as the wafer is rotated.

Abstract: An inventive edge cleaning device is provided for cleaning the edge a thin disc such as a semiconductor wafer. The inventive edge cleaning device has a sonic nozzle positioned so as to direct a liquid jet at the edge surface of the thin disc. Preferably the sonic nozzle is radially spaced from the thin disc's edge so that scrubbing, spin rinsing or spin cleaning may be simultaneously performed on the major surfaces of the thin disc as the thin disc edge is cleaned by the sonic nozzle. The liquid jet may include deionized water, NH4OH, KOH, TMAH, HF, citric acid, a surfactant, or other similar cleaning solutions, and the nozzle may remain stationary as the thin disc rotates or the nozzle may scan the circumference of the thin disc to clean the entire edge of the thin disc.

Abstract: A chemical mechanical polishing system comprising a moving polishing pad and an ultrasonic conditioning head. The head is positioned in close facing relationship to the pad surface and agitates a liquid on the rotating pad surface at an appropriate frequency and sufficient amplitude to produce cavitation of the slurry in the vicinity of the pad surface. The action of cavitational collapse vigorously conditions the pad, driving out contaminants and re-texturizing the pad.

Abstract: A sonic cleaning tank is provided that transmits energy from a side-wall-mounted transducer, parallel to a wafer, and reflects the sonic energy out of the plane of the wafer via an angled side wall positioned on the side of the wafer opposite the transducer. The angled side wall preferably forms a vertical V. Internal partitions may be optionally employed to partition reflected energy from the wafer. By configuring the relative angles and positions of tank walls and internal partitions, the path of reflected energy is advantageously controlled. Multiple reflections ensure that any reflected energy which impacts the wafer is sufficiently attenuated so as not to interfere with wafer cleaning.

Abstract: The present invention provides a method and apparatus for delivering one or more rinse agents to a surface, such as a polishing pad surface and preferably one or more polishing fluids. The invention also provides a method of cleaning one or more surfaces, such as a polishing pad surface and a substrate surface, by delivering a spray of one or more rinse agents to the surface and, preferably, causing the rinse agent to flow across the surface from a central region to an outer region where unwanted debris and material is collected.

Abstract: A cleaning cup for holding and cleaning a pad conditioner having a conditioner head, the cleaning cup includes a spray nozzle for spraying a cleaning solution on a top side of the conditioner head. The cleaning cup further includes a plurality of support pins extending upwards from a base of the cleaning cup to receive the conditioner head thereon.

Abstract: In the formation of metal vias, plugs or lines, a metal layer is deposited onto a non-planar non-metallic surface of a substrate. The metal layer is chemical mechanical polished with a first polishing pad until the metal layer is substantially planarized and a residual layer having a thickness about equal to the depth of potential microscratches, between about 200 and 1000 angstroms, remains over the non-metallic surface. The residual layer is chemical mechanical polished with a second, softer polishing pad until the non-metallic surface is exposed and the residual layer is removed.

Abstract: An inventive edge cleaning device is provided for cleaning the edge a thin disc such as a semiconductor wafer. The inventive edge cleaning device has a sonic nozzle positioned so as to direct a liquid jet at the edge surface of the thin disc. Preferably the sonic nozzle is radially spaced from the thin disc's edge so that scrubbing, spin rinsing or spin cleaning may be simultaneously performed on the major surfaces of the thin disc as the thin disc edge is cleaned by the sonic nozzle. The liquid jet may include de-ionized water, NH4OH, KOH, TMAH, HF, citric acid, a surfactant, or other similar cleaning solutions, and the nozzle may remain stationary as the thin disc rotates or the nozzle may scan the circumference of the thin disc to clean the entire edge of the thin disc.

Abstract: A chemical mechanical polishing system comprising a moving polishing pad and an ultrasonic conditioning head. The head is positioned in close facing relationship to the pad surface and agitates a liquid on the rotating pad surface at an appropriate frequency and sufficient amplitude to produce cavitation of the slurry in the vicinity of the pad surface. The action of cavitational collapse vigorously conditions the pad, driving out contaminants and re-texturizing the pad.

Abstract: A sonic tank for cleaning substrates is provided. The tank has two or more upwardly angled walls. Arrays of one or more transducers are positioned along at least two of the two or more angled walls. The transducer arrays are alternately energized maintaining nearly 100% substrate surface cleaning at any given time, and 50% duty cycle (or less) for each transducer array. The substrate supports are positioned such that nearly every point along the substrate's surface is contacted by energy from at least one transducer, and transducer opposing walls are positioned to avoid interfering reflections therefrom.