Abstract: A nozzle cap spacer for a hydrant nozzle cap includes a spacer body defining an outer edge and an inner edge, the inner edge defining an opening formed through a center of the spacer body; and a leak path notch formed in the spacer body, the leak path notch extending radially inward from the outer edge of the spacer body.

Abstract: Example aspects of a nozzle cap spacer for a hydrant nozzle cap, a spaced nozzle cap assembly, and a method for adjusting a rotational indexing of a nozzle cap are disclosed. The nozzle cap spacer for a hydrant nozzle cap can comprise a spacer body defining an outer body edge; and a resilient first spacer spring arm extending from the outer body edge, wherein the first spacer spring arm is biased away from the spacer body in an extended orientation.

Abstract: Methods, systems, and computer-readable storage media for accurate time delay estimation using coherent averaging. A plurality of out-of-bracket acoustical impulses are generated in a pipe segment of a fluid distribution system. Signal data representing the acoustical impulses sensed at two locations along the pipe segment are recorded. Precise timings for the generation of the acoustical impulses are obtained, and the acoustical impulses in the signal data recorded from the first location are averaged based on the precise timings to produce a near-sensor average impulse. Similarly, the acoustical impulses in the signal data recorded from the second location are averaged based on the same precise timings to produce a far-sensor average impulse. A time delay between arrival of the plurality of out-of-bracket acoustical impulses at the first and second locations is estimated from the timing of the near-sensor average impulse and the far-sensor average impulse.

Abstract: Example aspects of a nozzle cap spacer for a hydrant nozzle cap, a spaced nozzle cap assembly, and a method for adjusting a rotational indexing of a nozzle cap are disclosed. The nozzle cap spacer for a hydrant nozzle cap can comprise a spacer body defining an outer body edge; and a resilient first spacer spring arm extending from the outer body edge, wherein the first spacer spring arm is biased away from the spacer body in an extended orientation.

Abstract: A hydrant assembly includes a fire hydrant including a barrel, the barrel defining a barrel axis extending from a top barrel end of the barrel to a bottom barrel end of the barrel; and a vibration sensor enclosed within the fire hydrant, the vibration sensor defining a sensor axis extending from a first sensor end of the vibration sensor to a second sensor end of the vibration sensor, the sensor axis defining an angle relative to the barrel axis, the angle less than ninety degrees.

Abstract: A nozzle cap includes a cap body, the cap body defining a cap axis extending from a first body end of the cap body to a second body end of the cap body; and a vibration sensor attached to the cap body, the vibration sensor defining a sensor axis extending from a first sensor end of the vibration sensor to a second sensor end of the vibration sensor, the sensor axis aligned perpendicular to the cap axis.

Abstract: A method for creating a pressure pulse in a fluid system with a noisemaker, the method includes opening a valve of the noisemaker to allow a fluid of the fluid system to flow through a valve cavity of the noisemaker, the valve disposed within the valve cavity, the noisemaker connected in fluid communication with the fluid system; closing the valve of the noisemaker to abruptly interrupt the flow of the fluid through the valve cavity; and repeatedly opening and closing the valve to generate a pulsating flow to the fluid system.

Abstract: Example aspects of an over-pressure protection system and a method for operating an over-pressure protection system are disclosed. The over-pressure protection system can comprise a main body housing defining a main body chamber; a fluid received in the main body chamber, the fluid defining a fluid pressure; a pressure sensor configured to measure the fluid pressure of the fluid, the pressure sensor configurable in an activated mode and a deactivated mode; and a control system configured to place the pressure sensor in the deactivated mode when the fluid pressure is equal to or above a pre-determined threshold pressure.

Abstract: Methods, systems, and computer-readable storage media for predicting the amount of buildup in a pipe of a fluid distribution system by evaluating a loss of acoustic energy from a sound source over a distance of the pipe. An acoustic energy in an acoustical wave travelling in the fluid of a pipe is measured at a first location and a second location, and an estimated damping factor for the segment of pipe between the first and second locations is computed based on a comparison of the acoustic energy measured at the first location and the second location. A residual attenuation for the segment of the pipe is determined from a difference between the estimated damping factor and a theoretical damping factor for the pipe based on a material comprising a pipe wall, and an amount of buildup in the pipe is estimated based on the residual attenuation.

Abstract: Example aspects of an over-pressure protection system and a method for using an over-pressure protection system are disclosed.

Abstract: Example aspects of an over-pressure protection system and a method for using an over-pressure protection system are disclosed.

Abstract: A nozzle cap includes a cap body, the cap body defining a cap axis extending from a first body end of the cap body to a second body end of the cap body; and a vibration sensor attached to the cap body, the vibration sensor defining a sensor axis extending from a first sensor end of the vibration sensor to a second sensor end of the vibration sensor, the sensor axis aligned perpendicular to the cap axis.

Abstract: A method for creating a pressure pulse in a fluid system with a noisemaker, the method includes opening a valve of the noisemaker to allow a fluid of the fluid system to flow through a valve cavity of the noisemaker, the valve disposed within the valve cavity, the noisemaker connected in fluid communication with the fluid system; closing the valve of the noisemaker to abruptly interrupt the flow of the fluid through the valve cavity; and repeatedly opening and closing the valve to generate a pulsating flow to the fluid system.

Abstract: A noisemaker system includes a node of an infrastructure system; and a noisemaker connected in fluid communication with the node, the noisemaker including a noisemaker housing defining a noisemaker cavity, and a pulsing device positioned within the noisemaker cavity, the pulsing device configured to contact a fluid within the noisemaker cavity and generate an acoustic signal within the fluid.

Abstract: A noisemaker system includes a node of an infrastructure system; and a noisemaker connected in fluid communication with the node, the noisemaker including a noisemaker housing defining a noisemaker cavity, and a pulsing device positioned within the noisemaker cavity, the pulsing device configured to contact a fluid within the noisemaker cavity and generate an acoustic signal within the fluid.

Abstract: Described herein is a roof rack leg or tower located between a roof rack cross bar and a vehicle rail including two opposing jaws, with the inner jaw having two degrees of movement. A rack incorporating the leg is also described.

Abstract: A combination bite block, tongue elevator/retractor and airway for establishing and maintaining an open airway while preventing emergence clenching and the resulting dental and soft tissue damage associated with emergence clenching in procedures where anesthesia and/or sedation are used, or when the patient is not in control of their own airway, regardless of the cause. The inventive subject matter includes a tongue elevator/retractor component in both right and left conformations; and a bite block component. The bite block component is a wedge shaped, compressible component that is inserted between the upper and lower molars on either the right or left side of the mouth. The tongue elevator component is comprised by a flat portion of that is inserted into the side of the bite block, and an optional curved portion that retracts the tongue off of the posterior pharynx when in place.

Abstract: A combination bite block, tongue elevator/retractor and airway for establishing and maintaining an open airway while preventing emergence clenching and the resulting dental and soft tissue damage associated with emergence clenching in procedures where anesthesia and/or sedation are used, or when the patient is not in control of their own airway, regardless of the cause. The inventive subject matter includes a tongue elevator/retractor component in both right and left conformations; and a bite block component. The bite block component is a wedge shaped, compressible component that is inserted between the upper and lower molars on either the right or left side of the mouth. The tongue elevator component is comprised by a flat portion of that is inserted into the side of the bite block, and an optional curved portion that retracts the tongue off of the posterior pharynx when in place.

Abstract: A fiber optic bidirectional communications network includes a plurality of decentralized communication nodes each including a receiver for receiving electromagnetic radiation at a wavelength ?2 and a transmitter for transmitting electromagnetic radiation at a wavelength ?1, at least one relay including a receiver operable to receive signals at ?2 and a transmitter for transmitting signals at ?2. At least one passive optical network (PON) includes at least one optical fiber, at least bidirectional coupler coupled to the optical fiber for coupling signals at ?2 transmitted by the relay to the plurality of communication nodes and for combining signals at ?1 from the plurality of nodes into the optical fiber for coupling to the relay. Any of the plurality of communication nodes may communicate of the other communication nodes via the relay. In one embodiment ?1??2 and the relay is a wavelength shifting relay.