Abstract: This invention relates to a paper friction material and a method of manufacturing the same, wherein the paper friction material is configured such that dispersibility and bondability are increased between a filler and a matrix. The paper friction material which is suitable for use in a vehicle, includes a friction base including pulp and a coating layer formed on the friction base using a mixture of latex and a functional material. The OH reactive group of the pulp and the aromatic ring of the latex are hydrogen-bonded so that the friction base and the coating layer are coupled with each other.

Abstract: Disclosed are a brake disk and a method for manufacturing the same. In particular, the brake disk may include a friction surface formed of cast iron, and the friction surface of the brake disk is divided into a plurality of sections in a circumferential direction. Preferably, an average of the numbers per unit area of eutectic cells formed on surfaces of the sections may not be greater than 300 ea/cm2.

Abstract: Overshoes and methods for manufacturing at least a portion of overshoes are provided. In some examples, provided is an overshoe including a sole and an upper having a water-shedding texture. A portion of a perimeter of the water-shedding texture can be located immediately adjacent to the sole. In some embodiments, at least a portion of the overshoe can be formed of at least semi-transparent plastic to enable a viewer to see footwear inside the overshoe. In some examples, the overshoe can have a gusset to enhance water-resistance of the overshoe. In another example, the overshoe can have a reflective portion to enhance visibility in low-light conditions.

Abstract: This invention relates to a paper friction material and a method of manufacturing the same, wherein the paper friction material is configured such that dispersibility and bondability are increased between a filler and a matrix. The paper friction material which is suitable for use in a vehicle, includes a friction base including pulp and a coating layer formed on the friction base using a mixture of latex and a functional material. The OH reactive group of the pulp and the aromatic ring of the latex are hydrogen-bonded so that the friction base and the coating layer are coupled with each other.

Abstract: A method of manufacturing a brake disc of heterogeneous materials, may include a disc device and a hub device formed in a cast-bonding manner using different materials, includes performing a first casting for casting the disc device using a grey cast-iron material, performing a preparation step by placing the disc device in a casting mold as an insert, performing a second casting for preparing a brake disc cast product by injecting molten aluminum alloy into the casting mold and casting the hub device to be cast-bonded to the disc device, and performing an oxynitriding process for forming an oxynitride layer by smoothing a surface of the brake disc cast product and performing heat treatment in a gaseous atmosphere at a temperature ranging from 425 to 500° C.

Abstract: Disclosed is a solid-type brake disc including a hat part, which includes a circular main body mounted on a rotation shaft of a wheel, and a plurality of protrusions protruding in a circumferential direction from an outside surface of the main body, and a friction part, which includes a ring body having a through-hole formed in the center thereof for receiving the hat part in the through-hole, and recessed portions protruding from the periphery of the through-hole toward the respective protrusions, the recessed portions being connected to the respective protrusions to enclose the protrusions.

Abstract: Disclosed is a brake disc for vehicles including a ring-shaped disc part provided with an insertion space formed at the central region thereof, a hub part disposed within the insertion space and provided with recesses formed on the external circumferential surface thereof, and connection parts configured to connect the disc part and the hub part, wherein each of the connection parts is divided into a curved section extending from the internal circumferential surface of the disc part and having both curved side surfaces and a rectilinear section extending from the curved section, having both flat side surfaces and inserted into each of the recess, and widths of the curved section and the rectilinear section are decreased in a direction toward the hub part.

Abstract: A solid type brake disc includes a hat part that includes a circular body that is fitted on a rotary shaft of a wheel and a plurality of hollow protrusions that are formed around the outer surface of the body and each have an internal space. The solid type brake disc also includes a friction part that includes a ring body that has a center hole and receives the hat part in the center hole and projections that protrude toward the hollow protrusions and are inserted in the internal spaces to be covered with the hollow protrusions.

Abstract: Disclosed is a solid-type brake disc including a hat part, which includes a circular main body mounted on a rotation shaft of a wheel, and a plurality of protrusions protruding in a circumferential direction from an outside surface of the main body, and a friction part, which includes a ring body having a through-hole formed in the center thereof for receiving the hat part in the through-hole, and recessed portions protruding from the periphery of the through-hole toward the respective protrusions, the recessed portions being connected to the respective protrusions to enclose the protrusions.

Abstract: This invention relates to a paper friction material and a method of manufacturing the same, wherein the paper friction material is configured such that dispersibility and bondability are increased between a filler and a matrix. The paper friction material which is suitable for use in a vehicle, includes a friction base including pulp and a coating layer formed on the friction base using a mixture of latex and a functional material. The OH reactive group of the pulp and the aromatic ring of the latex are hydrogen-bonded so that the friction base and the coating layer are coupled with each other.

Abstract: A vehicle brake pad includes a back plate layer, an underlayer, an adhesive layer that mediates between the back plate layer and the underlayer, and a friction material layer, wherein the vehicle brake pad does not include a shim and wherein at least one of the back plate layer, the adhesive layer, and the underlayer has a loss factor of 0.2 or higher, calculated according to the following Equation 1, at temperatures from ?100 to 300° to damp noise of a frequency range of 200 to 20,000 Hz at temperatures from ?100 to 300°: (Equation 1) Loss factor ?=(f2?f1)/f0, where ? is a loss factor, f0 is a noise frequency, f1 is a minimum value of amplitude of a noise frequency when a noise level is reduced by 3 dB, and f2 a maximum value of amplitude when the noise level is reduced by 3 dB.

Abstract: Disclosed is a brake friction material for stainless steel brake discs, as a non-asbestos-based organic friction material not including asbestos. The brake friction material can enhance braking characteristics and wear resistance of a stainless steel brake disc. The brake friction material for stainless steel discs comprises a fiber base, a binder, a filler and a friction modifier. In particular, the friction modifier is included in an amount of about 10 to 22% by volume based on the total volume of the brake friction material composition and comprises zirconium oxide (ZrO2), iron oxide (FeO), graphite (C), tin (Sn) powder and alumina (Al2O3).

Abstract: Disclosed are a brake caliper housing and a method for manufacturing the same. The method for manufacturing the brake caliper housing includes: injecting a melt into a mold comprising a cavity of at least one or more of brake caliper housings; cooling the molded brake caliper housing having symmetric physical properties on a left portion and a right portion. Particularly, a cooling rate of the melt of a part in which a chiller is installed during cooling may increase to selectively improve strength by installing the chiller on the outer surface of the cavity. Accordingly, the bilateral symmetric microstructure on the left portion and the right portion may be obtained and deviations in physical properties between the left and the right portions of the manufactured brake caliper housing may be within about 5% and a pearlite fraction in the contact may increase, thereby improving the NVH performance.

Abstract: The system for reducing environmental pollutants according to the present invention comprises: a first water immersion tank for producing strongly alkaline water by receiving a supply of bottom ash, which has been created by and has been accumulated at the bottom of a combustion furnace, and reacting it with water accommodated on its inside; an elimination reaction tank which is provided on a combustion pathway extending from the combustion furnace, and which internally accommodates the strongly alkaline water supplied from the first water immersion tank, and which also eliminates carbon-based compounds contained in exhaust gases which are discharged through the combustion pathway; a sludge-storage tank for receiving and storing sludge which has been produced as a consequence of the elimination reaction within the elimination reaction tank; a first aggregate storage tank for receiving and storing bottom-ash aggregate remaining within the first water immersion tank after the neutralization which follows as a c

Abstract: Fully encapsulated conductive lines are generally described. For example, a first dielectric layer is formed on a substrate. Copper wiring is disposed below a top surface of the first dielectric layer. A barrier metal layer is formed over the copper wiring, the barrier metal layer flush with the top surface of the first dielectric layer, and a second dielectric layer is formed on the barrier metal layer and the top surface of the first dielectric layer. Other embodiments are also disclosed and claimed.

Abstract: A system for reducing a carbon compound of a heat engine includes: an outlet pipe transferring and outputting an exhaust gas from the heat engine; a removal reacting tank connected to the outlet pipe, the removal reacting tank generating a strong alkaline solution by a reaction of a resource material and a water and removing the carbon compound from the exhaust gas by a contact of the carbon compound and the strong alkaline solution; a sludge storing tank storing a sludge generated by a removal reaction in the removal reacting tank; and a decomposing tank generating the resource material for the removal reacting tank by decomposing the sludge from the sludge storing tank with a heat. Accordingly, since the carbon compound such as carbon dioxide is effectively removed from the exhaust gas emitted from a heat engine equipped in an industrial plant and a vehicle, atmospheric environmental pollution is prevented and regulation on carbon dioxide emission is satisfied.

Abstract: The system for reducing environmental pollutants according to the present invention comprises: a first water immersion tank for producing strongly alkaline water by receiving a supply of bottom ash, which has been created by and has been accumulated at the bottom of a combustion furnace, and reacting it with water accommodated on its inside; an elimination reaction tank which is provided on a combustion pathway extending from the combustion furnace, and which internally accommodates the strongly alkaline water supplied from the first water immersion tank, and which also eliminates carbon-based compounds contained in exhaust gases which are discharged through the combustion pathway; a sludge-storage tank for receiving and storing sludge which has been produced as a consequence of the elimination reaction within the elimination reaction tank; a first aggregate storage tank for receiving and storing bottom-ash aggregate remaining within the first water immersion tank after the neutralisation which follows as a c

Abstract: A keypad for a portable terminal is disclosed. The portable terminal includes a first housing and a second housing coupled with the first housing so as to be able to slide in a first direction or in a second direction substantially perpendicular to the first direction. The keypad includes a first keypad on the first housing which is exposed or covered as the second housing slides in the first direction, and a second keypad on the first housing which is exposed or covered as the second housing slides in the second direction.

Abstract: A dual sliding-type portable communication apparatus having a housing configured to slide in a twofold manner is provided. The apparatus includes a main housing, a sliding housing which is configured to slide on the main housing to expose/hide the main housing, a slider, and a dual sliding guide slidably coupled to the slider to enable the sliding housing to slide towards or away from the main housing in the longitudinal or perpendicular directions.

Abstract: A system for reducing a carbon compound of a heat engine includes: an outlet pipe transferring and outputting an exhaust gas from the heat engine; a removal reacting tank connected to the outlet pipe, the removal reacting tank generating a strong alkaline solution by a reaction of a resource material and a water and removing the carbon compound from the exhaust gas by a contact of the carbon compound and the strong alkaline solution; a sludge storing tank storing a sludge generated by a removal reaction in the removal reacting tank; and a decomposing tank generating the resource material for the removal reacting tank by decomposing the sludge from the sludge storing tank with a heat. Accordingly, since the carbon compound such as carbon dioxide is effectively removed from the exhaust gas emitted from a heat engine equipped in an industrial plant and a vehicle, atmospheric environmental pollution is prevented and regulation on carbon dioxide emission is satisfied.