Abstract: Provided is a low-complexity and low-power-consumption turbo decoder with a variable scaling factor. The performance of the turbo decoder is enhanced by evaluating a decoding convergence degree of the turbo decoder using a sign difference ratio (SDR) value, limiting the iterative-decoding number, and calculating and applying a variable scaling factor producing optimal performance in each decoding convergence area based on the SDR value, and power consumption is reduced by reducing the average number of decoding iterations. Thus, the performance degradation when the encoded block is large, which is a shortcoming of a conventional EMLMAP algorithm, can be prevented, the average number of decoding iterations can be reduced, and accordingly power consumption can be reduced.

Abstract: The present invention relates to a method of conducting management operations such as deletion, copy, and movement of recorded still pictures recorded on a recording medium. The present method records still pictures onto a recording medium, groups the recorded still pictures based on their attributes, creates a list listing filenames of respective still pictures belonging to each still-picture group, and writes the filename list onto the recording medium. Afterwards, if a deleting or an inter-group moving command is received for a still picture recorded on the recording medium, the present method deletes a filename of the still picture written on the filename list including the filename of the still picture. Such a still picture managing method through a filename list ensures that moving, copying, and deleting operations of numerous recorded still pictures can be conducted easily.

Abstract: In one embodiment, a first play list is generated if a first additional data stream is provided, and a second play list is generated if a second additional data stream is provided. The first play list links the main video data stream with the first additional data stream such that the main video data stream is reproduced with the first additional data stream if the first play list is reproduced. The second play list links the main video data stream with the second additional data stream such that the main video data stream is reproduced with the second additional data stream if the second play list is reproduced.

Abstract: In one embodiment, a method of reproducing text subtitle streams. The method includes receiving at least one text subtitle stream from an external source. Each text subtitle stream including a style segment defining a group of region styles and a plurality of presentation segments. Each presentation segment having at least one region of text and each region of text being linked to a selected one of the group of region styles. The style segment further defining palette information. Each presentation segment having a palette update flag which indicates whether to use the palette information defined in the style segment or to use new palette information when reproducing the each presentation segment. Thereafter, the method calls for decoding the text subtitle stream using the style segment defining the group of region styles and the presentation segment including the palette update flag.

Abstract: A method and recording medium for managing an A/V stream are discussed. According to an embodiment, the method includes a method for managing a main Audio/Video (A/V) stream on a recording medium, the method comprising: providing a first playlist on the recording medium that links the main A/V stream with a first additional data such that the main A/V stream is reproduced with the first additional data; and providing a second playlist on the recording medium that links the main A/V stream with a second additional data such that the main A/V stream is reproduced with the second additional data.

Abstract: In one embodiment, the data structure includes first navigation information managing reproduction of at least one main data stream, and second navigation information managing reproduction of at least one supplementary data stream related to the main data stream. The data structure further includes a stream table defining reproducible data streams in which a reproducing apparatus selects at least one data stream to be reproduced during presentation of the first and second navigation information. The reproducible data streams include the main and supplementary data streams.

Abstract: In one embodiment, at least one supplementary data stream related to a main data stream is downloaded. A stream table defining reproducible data streams, in which a reproducing apparatus selects at least one data stream to be reproduced during presentation of a playitem and a subplayitem, is checked. The playitem manages reproduction of the main data stream and the subplayitem manages reproduction of the downloaded supplementary data stream. The main and downloaded supplementary data streams defined in the stream table are reproduced.

Abstract: A data reproducing method, data recording/reproducing apparatus and data transmitting method are disclosed. The present invention includes the steps of providing information for identifying a player to a server, downloading data based on the information from the server and reproducing the data. And, the present invention includes the steps of receiving information for identifying a player from the player, configuring data using the information, and transmitting the data to the player. Accordingly, content can be protected against illegal copy, illegal distribution and the like by employing player information. And, the present invention can trace a player having compromised content.

Abstract: In one embodiment, the recording medium includes a data area storing moving picture data, and a navigation area storing navigation information for managing reproduction of the moving picture data. The navigation information includes a metadata indicator indicating whether metadata associated with the moving picture data exists. The metadata is additional information describing content of the moving picture data, and the navigation information includes linking information identifying metadata associated with the moving picture data if the metadata indicator indicates metadata associated with the moving picture data exists. The navigation area may also store a content reference that references the moving picture data associated with the metadata.

Abstract: The present invention provides a composite tool bar which has a composite body part (10) covered with a covering (20), with a plurality of bites (TO1-T05) mounted on the composite body part (10) along a longitudinal direction. The composite tool bar includes a first insert (240) which is inserted into the composite body part (10). A bite mounting hole (210) is provided in the first insert (240) to receive a bite therein. A bite height adjusting hole (220) is axially aligned with the bite mounting hole (210) to receive therein a bite height adjusting bolt (BO1-B05). The composite tool bar further includes a second insert (250) which is inserted into the composite body part (10) to be coupled to the first insert (240). A bite holding hole (230) is provided in the second insert (250) to receive therein a bite holding bolt (B06-B10).

Abstract: A method of recording data on a recording medium by a recording apparatus which is unable to create a backup file. The method includes deleting a backup file corresponding to an original file from the recording medium when the original file on the recording medium is modified or deleted.

Abstract: In one embodiment, the recording medium includes a text subtitle stream file, storing a text subtitle, per language, and a playlist file including at least one playitem and at least one subplayitem. The playitem manages reproduction of main data associated with the text subtitle and the subplayitem manages reproduction of the text subtitle. The recording medium also includes a stream information file corresponding to the text subtitle stream file. The stream information file includes language information indicating a language of the text subtitle stream file.

Abstract: In one embodiment, the method includes, receiving at least one text subtitle stream from an external source. Each text subtitle stream includes a style segment and at least one presentation segment associated with the style segment. The style segment includes at least one set of style information, and each set of style information provides region positioning information for positioning a region in an image and a text box including information for positioning a text box in the region. The presentation segment includes at least one region subtitle information, and the region subtitle information includes text subtitle data and a region style identifier. The region style identifier identifies one of the sets of style information in the style segment to apply to the text subtitle data. The text subtitle stream is decoded using style information including region positioning information and text box positioning information.

Abstract: In one embodiment, the data structure includes original management data managing reproduction of stream data. The original management data includes at least one stream information file managing at least one stream file, which includes the stream data; at least one playlist file, which manages the stream information; and at least one general management file, which manages the playlist file. The data structure further includes back-up management data duplicating the original management data. The original management data is recorded at an inner radius portion of the recording medium, and the back-up management data is recorded at an outer radius portion of the recording medium.

Abstract: A flush and fill process is used to ready a fuel cell cooling circuit for initial use. An external flushing system relasably connected to the cooling circuit circulates flushing coolant through the cooling circuit to remove contaminants from the wetted surfaces of the cooling circuit before the fuel cell is put into use. The flushing system includes a pump for circulating the flushing coolant through the cooling circuit, filters for removing contaminants from the coolant and a heater for elevating the temperature of the coolant. Following the flushing process to remove contaminants, the flushing system is disconnected from the cooling circuit and the cooling circuit is filled with fresh coolant.

Abstract: In one embodiment, the invention relates to a recording medium for storing a data structure. The data structure has at least one text subtitle stream. Each text subtitle stream includes a style segment defining a group of region styles and a plurality of presentation segments. Each presentation segment has at least one region of text and each region of text being linked to a selected one of the group of region styles. The presentation segment further contains a palette update flag which indicates display update only in palette information in association with a immediately previous presentation segment when reproducing each presentation segment.

Abstract: The present invention discloses a bearing assembly capable of assuring mechanical strength and reducing a friction coefficient and stress concentration, and a method for manufacturing the same. The present invention comprises a spherical journal and a hemispherical bearing that is made of a fiber reinforced composite and has a bearing surface for establishing a spherical pair with the spherical journal. The fiber reinforced composite can be constructed by arranging a uni-directional prepreg, woven fiber prepregs and staple-fiber prepregs in a variety of configurations, and thermoplastic resin particles or self-lubrication particles are uniformly provided on the bearing surface. It is possible to alleviate stress concentration generated on the bearing surface by forming a plurality of air channels capable of imparting directivity on an outer surface of the hemispherical bearing.

Abstract: Provided are an apparatus and method for efficiently computing a log likelihood ratio (LLR) using the maximum a posteriori (MAP) algorithm known as block combining. The method includes the steps of: calculating alpha values, beta values and gamma values of at least two time sections; calculating transition probabilities of respective states in the at least two time sections; performing a cormparison operation for some of the transition probabilities to determine the highest value, selecting one of the other transition probabilities according to the determined high value, comparing the determined value with the selected value to select the higher value, and thereby obtaining the highest of the transition probabilities; and determining an operation to apply according to the highest transition probability and calculating an LLR.

Abstract: A mobile terminal is provided which includes a terminal main body, a folder having a main LCD mounted thereon, and a hinge device for combining the folder with a main body and having a sub-LCD mounted thereon. While using the main LCD, a user can check the terminal state. In addition, the sub-LCD can be used regardless of whether the folder is opened or closed, so that display efficiency can be maximized. Moreover, since the main LCD and the sub-LCD are mounted at different positions, a thickness of the terminal can be effectively reduced.

Abstract: Provided are a terminal supporting peer-to-peer (P2P) communication, a communication method using the terminal, and a billing method based on the terminal. A transceiver of the terminal is implemented to support P2P communication with an adjacent terminal in the same cell. Thus, when short-range communication is possible, the terminal performs P2P communication directly with the adjacent terminal, not via a base station. Consequently, when terminals use different mobile telecommunication service providers or there is no base station network, the terminals can be used for short-range communication. When a receiving channel state becomes satisfactory while communication with an adjacent terminal is being performed via a base station, the terminal switches to a P2P communication mode and performs communication with the adjacent terminal.