Abstract: Novel compounds are disclosed which are carbocyclic analogs of cytosine nucleosides in which the pentose moiety of the nucleoside is replaced by a cyclopentane ring. The novel compounds exhibit antiviral activity, and certain of them also exhibit antineoplastic activity against the L 1210 mouse leukemia test system.

Abstract: A process, and intermediates for the preparation of 6,11-dihydro-11-oxodibenz[b,e]oxepin-2-acetic acid are described. The acid possesses antiinflammatory and analgesic activity.

Abstract: Photographers frequently want to obtain pictures of unposed subjects or pictures taken from an unusual angle. The concept presented in this application is an optical design which facilitates such photography. The device utilizes an image correcting prism structure mounted and articulated in such fashion that the photographer can function in a casual manner.

Abstract: A process, and intermediates for the preparation of 6,11-dihydro-11-oxodibenz[b,e]oxepin-2-acetic acid are described. The acid possesses antiinflammatory and analgesic activity.

Abstract: A two-step process for recovering hydrocarbons from a subterranean formation in which the formation is first heated by injecting steam at a temperature of about 500.degree. to about 1500.degree. F. through an injection well and in a second step a mixture of carbon monoxide and hydrogen is pressured into the formation via the injection well where in the heated formation reaction with the carbon monoxide and steam takes place forming additional hydrogen and carbon dioxide and finally hydrocarbons are recovered via a production well. Optionally, after injection of the mixture of carbon monoxide and hydrogen into the formation has been terminated, the heat stored in the formation may be recovered by injecting water, as a drive fluid into the formation via the injection well.

Abstract: A process, and intermediates for the preparation of 6,11-dihydro-11-oxodibenz[b,e]oxepin-2-acetic acid are described. The acid possesses antiinflammatory and analgesic activity.

Abstract: A process, and intermediates for the preparation of 6,11-dihydro-11-oxodibenz[b,e]oxepin-2-acetic acid are described. The acid possesses antiinflammatory and analgesic activity.

Abstract: A method for recovering viscous hydrocarbons from subterranean formations involves injecting a hydrocarbon solvent into the formation at spaced intervals to produce permeable regions or streaks in the formation. The injection is preferably directed to those regions of highest oil saturation, i.e., those regions with lowest effective permeability. A subsequent introduction of a heated fluid then will enable recovery of the viscous hydrocarbons in the treated regions and the untreated zones therebetween.

Abstract: A method for recovering hydrocarbons from a subterranean formation in which steam, for example, is injected into the formation via an injection well to drive the hydrocarbons toward a spaced production well. Water injected via the production well into an upper horizon of the formation is passed downwardly through the formation about the production well and then back into the production well at a lower horizon in the formation. A mixture of displaced hydrocarbons and injected water are then coproduced at the lower horizon thru the production well after which the hydrocarbons are recovered from the mixture. Optionally, a minor amount of a sulfated interfacial tension reducer may be introduced with the steam to promote increased hydrocarbon recovery.

Abstract: A method of mixing poly(neopentylglycol)azelate (NPGA) is disclosed which hances its solubility in polyurethane binders for composite solid propellants. The method comprises withholding the addition of NPGA from the propellant submix and from the total propellant formulation mixing procedure until after the addition of the curing agent has taken place and reaction has taken place for a predetermined period of time with the bonding agent until a "break" in viscosity occurs. The "break" in viscosity has taken place when the other binder ingredients have reacted with the curing agent HDI (hexamethylenediisocyanate) so that immiscibility between the binder ingredients is reduced. The late NPGA addition method resulted not only in apparently complete solubilization of the NPGA but also yielded a propellant with dramatically lower end of mix viscosity (reduced by a factor of 10), superior flow characteristics, and better physical properties.

Abstract: A two-step method for recovering hydrocarbons from a subterranean formation in which in situ combustion is first initiated in the formation by injection of air, for example, through an injection well, the injection of air is terminated and in a final step a combustion-supporting gas such as air, air mixed with oxygen, etc. and a combustible gas such as hdyrogen, carbon monoxide and mixtures thereof are introduced into the formation preferably through separate sets of casing perforations and finally hydrocarbons are recovered via a production well.

Abstract: Methods and mechanisms are disclosed comprising means for mixing only water with crude oil at temperatures above 32.degree. F. until the inversion point is crossed where a lower viscosity emulsion consisting of oil-in-water is formed for reducing resistance to flow of crude oil up from deep in a well to the surface, or through a pipeline. This oil-in-water emulsion consists of, by volume, 5 percent to 15 percent oil and 95 percent to 85 percent water.

Abstract: Disclosed is an oil recovery method especially useful for recovering viscous oil from thick formations including tar sand deposits. The method comprises several phases which accomplish efficient recovery of the viscous oil from the formation with good vertical and horizontal sweep conformance or effectiveness. The first phase may utilize as few as two spaced apart wells, one for fluid injection and one for oil production and an oil recovery method such as injecting steam or a mixture of air and steam for low temperature, controlled oxidation is a preferred fluid for use in the first phase. After fluid breakthrough at the production well occurs, the producer of the first phase is converted to an injection well and one or more new production wells outside of the pattern swept by the injected fluid are completed in the oil formation. Thermal recovery fluids are then injected into two wells with the displacement moving in the direction of the new production wells.

Abstract: A process and system are disclosed for producing bitumen from a subterranean reservoir of tar sands as unconsolidated oil bearing sands. The process comprises basically (1) washing out a cavity in the formation to the bottom thereof, (2) pouring a graded gravel in the cavity for building a conical shaped gravel pack, (3) running a screen down through the apex of the cone to the cavity bottom to bury the screen, (4) ejecting hot fluids into the cavity for melting bitumen from the tar sands, and (5) flowing the melted bitumen through the gravel pack and screen for filtering out sand and gravel from the melted bitumen for recovering the bitumen at the surface. A system for producing bitumen from tar sands is disclosed, and a method for forming a gravel pack in an unconsolidated oil bearing sand formation is disclosed.

Abstract: A process, and intermediates for the preparation of 6,11-dihydro-11-oxodibenz[b,e]oxepin-2-acetic acid are described. The acid possesses antiinflammatory and analgesic activity.

Abstract: Petroleum may be recovered from viscous petroleum-containing formations including tar sand deposits by injecting into the formation a solvent which is liquid at formation conditions and simultaneously therewith injecting a substance which will remain totally gaseous at the pressure and temperature conditions existing within the reservoir. The presence of noncondensible gas in the formation into which solvent is being injected prevents formation of a impremeable bitumen bank which blocks the further flow of fluids through the formation. The gas should be essentially unreactive with the solvent and formation fluids in order to obtain the desired benefits. Examples of suitable gases for the practice of this invention include methane, ethane, nitrogen, carbon dioxide, and mixtures thereof.

Abstract: Hydrocarbons are recovered from subterranean formations by injecting into a hydrocarbon bearing formation via an injection well a fluid comprising water saturated with a gas such as natural gas, carbon dioxide, etc., forcing the said fluid through the formation and recovering hydrocarbons through a production well. The fluids employed may contain a solubilizing agent and/or an alkaline agent.

Abstract: An apparatus for applying a liquid, for example cooling water, to the surface of an axially moving elongated element, for example a hot rolled rod in a rolling mill. The apparatus includes a housing having an interior chamber through which extends a guide assembly. The guide assembly in turn defines a longitudinally extending passageway which is suitably adapted and dimensioned to accommodate movement therethrough of the elongated element. Liquid is admitted into the chamber through an inlet in the housing and is thereafter fed into the passageway through an orifice in the guide assembly. Vanes in the chamber prevent the liquid entering the orifice from swirling about the longitudinal axis of the passageway.

Abstract: Mechanisms are disclosed comprising means for mixing only water with crude oil at temperatures above 32.degree. F. until the inversion point is crossed where a lower viscosity emulsion consisting of oil-in-water is formed for reducing resistance to flow of crude oil up from deep in a well to the surface, or through a pipeline. This oil-in-water emulsion consists of, by volume, 5 percent to 15 percent oil and 95 percent to 85 percent water, respectively.

Abstract: Steam flooding is frequently unsuccessful in viscous petroleum-containing formations such as tar sand deposits due to loss of steam transmissibility caused by the steam condensing deep in the formation and also caused by heated viscous petroleum forming an oil bank and losing heat and becoming more viscous as it moves through the formation, eventually becoming essentially immobile and blocking further flow through the formation. By injecting a non-condensible, non-oxidizing gas ahead of and/or in combination with steam, this tendency to block or plug the flow channels is reduced or eliminated. Steam and non-condensible, non-oxidizing gas are injected into the formation at a pressure in pounds per square inch not exceeding numerically the overburden thickness in feet in order to avoid fracturing the overburden. Steam and non-condensible, non-oxidizing gas may be mixed prior to injection or injected sequentially or simultaneously to mix in the formation.