Abstract: Petroleum may be recovered from viscous petroleum containing formations including tar sand deposits by first creating a fluid communication path in the formation, followed by injecting via an injection well a fluid comprising superheated steam and air into the formation via the fluid communication path whereby in situ combustion occurs providing heat and pressure for driving the petroleum in the formation toward the production well. Recovery of the displaced petroleum is accomplished via the production well.

Abstract: A new combination of bonding agents when employed in hydroxy-terminated pbutadiene propellant compositions yields greatly improved high temperature aging characteristics and greatly improved low temperature physical properties for the compositions. The combination or bonding agent system consists of MT4 (reaction product of 2.0 moles of tris 1(2 methylaziridinyl)phosphine oxide, 0.7 mole adipic acid, and 0.3 mole tartaric acid); HX752 (bis isophthaloyl 1(2 methyl)aziridine); and BIDE (butyliminodiethanol) in a weight percent range of the propellant composition of 0.10% to 0.20%, 0.10% to 0.20% and 0.02% to 0.05% respectively.

Abstract: Petroleum may be recovered from viscous petroleum containing formations including tar sand deposits by first creating a fluid communication path in the formation, followed by injecting via an injection well a fluid comprising superheated steam and air into the formation via the fluid communication path whereby in situ combustion occurs providing heat and pressure for driving the petroleum in the formation toward the production well. Recovery of the displaced petroleum is accomplished via the production well.

Abstract: Viscous oil may be recovered from subterranean, viscous oil-containing formations by injecting a heated aqueous fluid into the formation to raise the temperature of the viscous petroleum, and to displace it toward a remotely located production well. The heated aqueous fluid, which may be liquid, gaseous or a mixture thereof, is obtained from a deeper, higher temperature permeable oil formation. At least two spaced apart fluid flow communication means are established between the surface of the earth and the deeper, high temperature formation. At least two spaced apart separate communication means are established between the surface of the earth and the shallow viscous oil formation. Ordinarily the deeper, high temperature oil formation is one in which secondary recovery, e.g., waterflooding, will be ended or approaching the point where further production of oil and water is not commercially justified.

Abstract: Petroleum may be recovered from viscous petroleum containing formations including tar sand deposits by first creating a fluid communication path in the formation, followed by injecting via an injection well an aromatic solvent such as benzene, saturated with carbon dioxide at the injection pressure into the fluid communication path, following the injection of the solvent with the injection of an oil-displacing fluid such as hot water, steam, or superheated steam and recovering oil from the formation via a production well. The oil displacing fluid may contain a solubilizing agent such as an oxyethylated nitrogen containing compound.

Abstract: Diols of the general formula, R(OH).sub.2, wherein R is an alkylene radic and iminodiols of the general formula, R'N(R"OH).sub.2, wherein R' is an aryl or alkyl radical and R" is an alkylene radical, with melting points of less than 60.degree. C (140.degree. F) are effective dispersing aids for the bonding agent MT-4. MT-4 which functions as an interfacial bonding agent is prepared by reacting together 2.0 moles of tris 1(2 methylaziridinyl)phosphine oxide, 0.7 mole adipic acid, and 0.3 mole tartaric acid. The specified dispersing aids react to become a part of the binder matrix without causing degradation of physical properties or nullification of the functions of MT-4. The specified dispersing aids for the bonding agent MT-4 were found to be particularly effective to ensure uniform coating of solids in solid propellants employing a hydroxy-terminated polybutadiene binder system while not imparting negative side effects that the dispersing adjuvant of "added" water causes.

Abstract: Petroleum may be recovered from viscous petroleum containing formations including tar sand deposits by first creating a fluid communication path in the formation, followed by injecting via an injection well an aromatic solvent such as benzene, saturated with carbon dioxide at the injection pressure into the fluid communication path, following the injection of the solvent with the injection of an oil-displacing fluid such as hot water, steam, or superheated steam and recovering oil from the formation via a production well. If desired, the oil displacing fluid may include a solubilizing agent, a surfactant or an alkaline agent.

Abstract: Highly absorbent, cardable cellulosic fibers are made by incorporating therein, an alkali metal or ammonium salt of a copolymer of acrylic acid and methacrylic acid, where the ratio of acrylic acid units to methacrylic acid units (by weight) is from 90:10 to 10:90.

Abstract: A method for recovering low gravity viscous crude oil or bitumen from a subterranean formation comprising first injecting super heated steam, next initiating an in situ combustion by injecting air, followed by an in situ combustion wherein both super heated steam and air are injected, then simultaneously performing an in situ combustion by injecting air while also injecting water and finally injecting water.

Abstract: Petroleum may be recovered from viscous petroleum containing formations including tar sand deposits by first creating a fluid communication path in the formation, followed by injecting via an injection well a fluid comprising superheated steam and air into the formation via the fluid communication path whereby in situ combustion occurs providing heat and pressure for driving the petroleum in the formation toward the production well. Recovery of the displaced petroleum is accomplished via the production well.

Abstract: Hydrocarbons are recovered from subterranean formations by injecting into a hydrocarbon bearing formation via an injection well a fluid comprising water saturated with a gas such as natural gas, carbon dioxide, etc., forcing the said fluid through the formation and recovering hydrocarbons through a production well.

Abstract: Petroleum materials may be effectively recovered from subterranean, viscous, asphaltic or bituminous formations such as tar sand deposits by first injecting into the tar sand formation a paraffinic hydrocarbon at a temperature below 300.degree. F which precipitates asphaltic material from the asphaltic petroleum in the formation. Next, solvent injection is terminated and air is injected into the formation, and the formation is ignited to accomplish in situ combustion within the tar sand reservoir utilizing the precipitated asphaltic materials for fuel for the in situ combustion reaction. Reaction temperatures higher than normal in situ combustion temperatures are produced, facilitating thermal cracking and in situ hydrogenation to up grade the produced crude within the tar sand reservoir.

Abstract: A method for recovering low-gravity viscous oils and bitumen hydrocarbons from a subterranean hydrocarbon-bearing formation by injecting thereinto a hydrocarbon solvent saturated with a gas, and thereafter establishing a thermal sink in the formation, followed by a soak period, and production of the hydrocarbons therefrom.

Abstract: Disclosed is a method for recovering low gravity, viscous petroleum including bitumen from a tar sand deposit by injecting unheated air followed by a soak period so that the viscous petroleum is conditioned by contact with the unheated air, followed by injection air or a mixture of heated air and steam to accomplish in situ combustion or low temperature oxidation within the viscous petroleum formation. The temperature of the unheated air injected in the first phase is less than 250.degree. F and preferably less than 150.degree. F, so as to avoid a combustion reaction between the air and the petroleum in the formation. The preliminary treatment with unheated air results in eliminating or decreasing the tendency for spontaneous ignition to occur at random sites in the formation, and produces more uniform combustion and propagation of the combustion front through the formation, and results in increased oil recovery from the formation.

Abstract: A vertical miscible recovery process for the recovery of oil from an oil-bearing reservoir wherein a miscible slug or blanket of solvent is established at the crest of the oil column or at the gas-oil interface and thereafter is displaced downward by the injection of a drive agent such as natural gas or methane wherein the reservoir is produced simultaneously from near the bottom of the oil column and also near the top of the oil column thereby increasing the spreading rate of the solvent slug.

Abstract: The reaction products formed from tri-functional aziridinylphosphine oxides r their derivatives reacted with monofunctional carboxylic acids, the tri-aziridinyl derivatives of triazine, the tri-aziridinyl derivatives of benzenetriacyl, the aziridine compound N-phenethylaziridine, and selected alkyl diaziridine compounds are representive of the aziridine compounds which are utilized in isocyanate curable composite propellant compositions to extend usable pot life required for mixing and processing of the specified compositions. The compositions are comprised of a binder of hydroxy terminated liquid polymer systems, (e.g. hydroxy terminated polybutadiene and the like) selected plasticizers, optional metal fuel, and the inorganic oxidizer, ammonium perchlorate, that is substantially of very fine particle size (less than 20 microns).

Abstract: Novel phenylsulfenylpiperazines and a method of preparing the same are disclosed. These compounds are useful as antihypertensive agents.

Abstract: Viscous petroleum may be recovered from viscous petroleum-containing formations including tar sand deposits by injecting into the formation a gaseous mixture of a carrier gas and a solvent which is liquid at reservoir conditions, such as pentane, hexane, heptane, octane, carbon disulfide, etc., and mixtures thereof. The gaseous mixture is formed by contacting a normally liquid solvent with a carrier gas such as nitrogen and introducing the carrier gas having solvent vaporized therein into the formation. Recovery of petroleum and solvent may be from the same well as is used for injection or from a remotely located well. The carrier gas and/or solvent may be heated prior to injection to increase solvency rate and vapor pressure. In throughput operations, the gaseous solvent mixture may be followed by water, hot water or steam to displace the residual solvent from the formation.

Abstract: Viscous petroleum may be recovered from viscous petroleum-containing formations including tar sand deposits by contacting the formation with a heated multiple-component solvent for the petroleum. At least one solvent component is normally gaseous material such as methane, ethane, propane or butane and at least one component is normally liquid, such as pentane and higher molecular weight hydrocarbons. The solvent mixture is heated to a temperature in excess of ambient temperature, and preferably from 100.degree. to 500.degree. F. prior to injection into the formation. The multiple solvent is introduced under sufficient pressure that it is substantially all liquid at the injection conditions. Recovery of petroleum and solvent may be from the same well as is used for injection or from a remotely located well.

Abstract: A method for separating bitumen from tar sand by solvent extraction with efficient separation of water from the recovered bitumen is disclosed. Tar sand may often be recovered by surface mining techniques. The tar sand is comprised of bitumen, water and sand including clays. The tar sand is contacted with bitumen solvent having a freezing point below that of the water, and the temperature of the mixture is lowered below the freezing point of the water in the tar sand. The solid ice crystals may then be easily removed along with the sand leaving a water-free liquid bitumen solvent mixture.