Abstract: A control system for operating a military vehicle according to different modes includes processing circuitry that receives a user input indicating a selected mode of the different modes, and operates a driveline and a front end accessory drive (FEAD) of the military vehicle according to the selected mode. The driveline of the military vehicle includes an engine and an integrated motor generator (IMG) and the FEAD includes multiple accessories and an electric motor-generator. The modes include an engine mode and an electric mode. In the engine mode, the engine drives the FEAD and drives tractive elements of the military vehicle through the IMG for transportation. In the electric mode, the engine is shut off to reduce a sound output of the military vehicle and the IMG drives the tractive elements of the military vehicle for transportation and the electric motor-generator drives the FEAD.

Abstract: A military vehicle includes a cab having a rear wall, a bed positioned behind the cab, and an energy storage system. The energy storage system includes a lower support coupled to the bed, a battery supported by the lower support, a bracket coupled to the batter, and an isolator mount coupling the bracket to the rear wall. The isolator mount is configured to provide front-to-back vibration isolation of the battery relative to the rear wall.

Abstract: An electrified vehicle includes a front subframe, a rear subframe, and a body that connects the front subframe to the rear subframe so that forces acting on the front subframe and the rear subframe are transmitted through the body. The vehicle also includes a housing coupled to an underside of the body between the front subframe and the rear subframe. An energy storage system is enclosed in the housing and includes a battery and a battery interface configured to electrically couple the battery to at least one component of the electrified vehicle.

Abstract: An electrified vehicle includes a chassis, a body, and a cab. The chassis is configured to support a tractive element. The chassis includes a battery box. The body is supported by the chassis. The cab is supported by the chassis. The battery box includes a shell defining an internal cavity. The battery box is configured to receive a module. The module comprises a battery and a module terminal. The battery box is configured to transfer energy from the module to a component of the vehicle. The internal cavity of the battery box comprises a system terminal configured to contact the module terminal of the module to facilitate the transfer of the energy from the module to a component of the vehicle.

Abstract: An electrified vehicle, comprising a chassis having a frame, a first tractive element, and a first suspension system coupled with the first tractive element and the chassis. The first suspension system may comprise a first knuckle coupled with the first tractive element, and a first strut-damper coupled with the first knuckle and the chassis, the first strut-damper extending between the chassis and the first knuckle. The first suspension system may also include a first control arm coupled with the first knuckle and the frame member, and a torsion bar coupled with the chassis at a first end of the torsion bar. The torsion bar may extend in a direction substantially parallel with the frame member, where the torsion bar may be configured to support a portion of a mass of the electrified vehicle in response to displacement of the first tractive element relative to the chassis.

Abstract: A military vehicle includes a chassis, a front end accessory drive (FEAD), and circuitry. The chassis includes an engine and an integrated motor generator (IMG). The FEAD includes multiple accessories and an electric motor-generator. The circuitry is configured to operate the military vehicle according to different modes. The circuitry is configured to receive a user input indicating a selected mode of the modes, and operate the chassis and the FEAD of the military vehicle according to the selected mode. The modes include an engine mode and an electric mode. In the engine mode, the engine drives the FEAD and the tractive elements of the military vehicle through the IMG for transportation. In the electric mode, the engine is shut off to reduce a sound output of the military vehicle and the IMG drives the tractive elements of the military vehicle for transportation and the electric motor-generator drives the FEAD.

Abstract: Provided herein are processes for recovering lithium ions from a brine source. The process can comprises increasing the pH of a brine source comprising lithium ions to at least about 5.5; contacting the pH-elevated brine source with a bed of protonated ion exchange media to produce a lithiated ion exchange media and a lithium-depleted brine stream; contacting the lithiated ion exchange media with an acidic aqueous wash liquid; and contacting the washed lithiated ion exchange media with an elution liquid comprising an acid. Also provided herein is a process for increasing the pH of brine comprising obtaining brine from a brine source comprising lithium ions; adding the brine to a continuously stirred tank reactor without preprocessing the brine to remove solid matter; adding a strong base to the continuously stirred tank reactor; contacting the brine with the base.

Abstract: A military vehicle include a driveline. The driveline includes a first driver including an engine, an energy storage system, an accessory drive coupled to the engine, a transmission coupled to at least one of the front axle or the rear axle, and a second driver coupled to the engine and the transmission. The accessory drive includes a plurality of accessories and a first motor. The first motor is electrically coupled to the energy storage system. The first motor is positioned to facilitate selectively driving the plurality of accessories. The second driver includes a second motor electrically coupled to the energy storage system.

Abstract: An energy storage system for a military vehicle includes a lower support, a battery supported on the lower support, a bracket coupled to the battery, and an upper isolator mount coupled between the bracket and a wall. The upper isolator mount is configured to provide front-to-back vibration isolation of the battery relative to the wall.

Abstract: A front end accessory drive (FEAD) for a military vehicle. The FEAD includes a first belt, a second belt, multiple accessories, an electric motor-generator, at least one other accessory, and a sprag clutch. The accessories and the electric motor-generator are coupled with the first belt. The at least one other accessory, the first belt, and the second belt are coupled with the sprag clutch. The second belt is configured to couple with an output shaft of an engine of the military vehicle and be driven by the output shaft of the engine to drive the sprag clutch. The sprag clutch is thereby configured to drive the at least one other accessory and the first belt, and the first belt is thereby configured to drive the plurality of accessories, and the electric motor-generator.

Abstract: A driveline includes an engine, a transmission configured to couple to an axle of the electrified military vehicle, a tractive motor coupled to the transmission, an engine clutch positioned between the engine and the tractive motor, and an accessory drive. The accessory drive includes an accessory motor, an accessory clutch including a first portion and a second portion, an accessory coupled to the first portion, a first belt coupling the first portion to the accessory motor, and a second belt coupling the second portion to the engine.

Abstract: A driveline includes a driver configured to be positioned between an engine and a transmission. The driver includes a housing, a motor/generator, and a clutch. The housing includes an engine mount configured to couple to the engine and a backing plate configured to couple to the transmission. The motor/generator is disposed within the housing and configured to couple to an input of the transmission. The clutch is disposed within the housing and coupled to the motor/generator. The clutch is configured to selectively couple an output of the engine to the motor/generator. The clutch is configured to be spring-biased into engagement with the engine and pneumatically disengaged by an air supply selectively provided thereto.

Abstract: A military vehicle includes an engine, an energy storage system, an accessory drive coupled to the engine and including an air compressor and a first motor, a second motor coupled to an axle, and a clutch positioned between the engine and the second motor. The clutch is spring-biased into engagement with the engine and pneumatically disengaged by an air supply selectively provided thereto based on operation of the air compressor. In an engine mode, (i) the clutch does not receive the air supply such that the engine is coupled to the second motor and (ii) the engine drives (a) the accessory drive and (b) the axle through the second motor. In the electric mode, (i) the first motor drives the air compressor to compress air to facilitate supplying the air supply to the clutch to disengage the clutch and decouple the engine from the second motor and (ii) the second motor drives the axle.

Abstract: A military vehicle includes a cab having a rear wall, a bed positioned behind the cab, and an energy storage system. The energy storage system includes a lower support coupled to the bed, a battery supported by the lower support, a bracket coupled to the batter, and an isolator mount coupling the bracket to the rear wall. The isolator mount is configured to provide front-to-back vibration isolation of the battery relative to the rear wall.

Abstract: A refuse vehicle includes a chassis, a body assembly, and battery cells. The body assembly is coupled to the chassis and defines a refuse compartment. The battery cells are positioned between the body assembly and the chassis.

Abstract: A driveline including a motor/generator configured to receive power from an engine and output power to a tractive element, an accessory drive configured to receive power from the engine and output power to an accessory, and an energy storage system including a battery, the energy storage system electrically coupled to the motor/generator and the accessory drive. The driveline is operable in a charge mode with the motor/generator and the accessory drive providing electrical power to the energy storage system. The driveline is operable in a silent mobility mode with the energy storage system providing electrical power to the motor/generator and the accessory drive to operate the military vehicle.

Abstract: A military vehicle includes a chassis, a front axle, a rear axle, an energy storage system, an engine, a transmission, and a motor. The chassis includes a passenger capsule, a front module coupled to a front end of the passenger capsule, and a rear module coupled to a rear end of the passenger capsule. The passenger capsule defines a tunnel extending longitudinally along a bottom thereof. The front module includes a front subframe assembly. The rear module includes a rear subframe assembly. The front axle is coupled to the front subframe assembly. The rear axle is coupled to the rear subframe assembly. The engine is supported by the front subframe assembly. The transmission is positioned within the tunnel and coupled to the front axle and/or the rear axle. The motor is at least partially positioned within the tunnel and positioned between the engine and the transmission.

Abstract: An electrified vehicle includes a chassis, a cab coupled to the chassis at a front end thereof, a body assembly coupled to the chassis, and an energy storage system including a plurality of battery cells. The body assembly is positioned behind the cab with a space defined therebetween. The energy storage system is positioned within the space between the chassis and the body assembly.

Abstract: A vehicle includes a chassis, a body assembly, and a plurality of battery cells. The chassis includes a plurality of frame members. The body assembly is coupled to the plurality of frame members of the chassis. A bottom periphery of the body assembly is defined by a point at which the body assembly couples or contacts a top of the chassis. An uppermost periphery of the plurality of battery cells is spaced a distance below the bottom periphery of the body assembly. At least a portion of the plurality of battery cells extends lower than the plurality of frame members of the chassis.

Abstract: A thermoplastic elastomer stopper that meets the desired material properties of a stopper for a syringe assembly is disclosed. The compression set of the thermoplastic elastomer stopper of the present disclosure is ?50% when measured at 25% compression for 22 hrs at 70 degree C. The hardness of the thermoplastic elastomer stopper of the present disclosure is 40-70 Shore A. The viscosity of a thermoplastic elastomer stopper of the present disclosure is ?70 Pa·s at 1,000 s?1 shear rate, ?12.0 Pa·s at 10,000 s?1 shear rate, and ?3.0 Pa·s at 50,000 s?1 shear rate when measured using a capillary rheometer at 205 degree C. (Die: Roundhole 20 mm length/1 mm diameter/180 degree inlet, Piston: d=15 mm, and melting time=7 min). The present non-lubricated stopper exhibits the required functional performance of a lubricated stopper.