Abstract: Disclosed is a secondary battery including a case configured to surround an exterior of an electrode assembly, and a strain sensor attached to an exterior of the case to detect deformation of the case. The strain sensor may include a backing part attached to the exterior of the case; a strain gauge installed on the backing part and formed of single-crystal silicon; a wiring part stacked on the backing part, along with the strain gauge, and electrically connected to the strain gauge; and an encapsulation part fixed to the backing part while surrounding the strain gauge and the wiring part excluding a portion of the wiring part.

Abstract: A battery protection circuit includes: a plurality of pack terminals configured to connect a battery module to an external device; a first fuse element located on a current path between the battery module and the pack terminals to block a current flow between the battery module and the pack terminals depending on a voltage applied to a control terminal thereof; a first integrated circuit configured to include a first input terminal and control a voltage outputted to the control terminal of the first fuse element depending on a voltage applied to the first input terminal; and a plurality of thermistors connected in series between a positive electrode of the battery module and a first input terminal of the first integrated circuit and having resistance that is varied depending on a temperature of a corresponding cell among a plurality of cells constituting the battery module.

Abstract: A process for separating hydrogen from a gas mixture having hydrogen and a larger gas molecule is comprised of flowing the gas mixture through a carbonized polyvinylidene chloride (PVDC) copolymer membrane having a hydrogen permeance in combination with a hydrogen/methane selectivity, wherein the combination of hydrogen permeance and hydrogen/methane selectivity is (i) at least 30 GPU hydrogen permeance and at least 200 hydrogen/methane selectivity or (ii) at least 10 GPU hydrogen permeance and at least 700 hydrogen/methane selectivity. The carbonized PVDC copolymer may be made by heating and restraining a polyvinylidene chloride copolymer film or hollow fiber having a thickness of 1 micrometer to 250 micrometers to a pretreatment temperature of 100° C. to 180° C. to form a pretreated polyvinylidene chloride copolymer film and then heating and restraining the pretreated polyvinylidene chloride copolymer film to a maximum pyrolysis temperature from 350° C. to 750° C.

Abstract: A battery protection circuit includes: a charging control switch connected in series to a big current path between a battery module configured with a plurality of cells connected in series and a plurality of pack terminals; a battery controller for controlling the charging control switch based on cell voltages of the cells; and a plurality of first protection circuits connected to the respective cells on the big current path, and intercepting or allowing a current flowing to the corresponding cell based on the cell voltage of the corresponding cell from among the cells, wherein the first protection circuits respectively include at least one switch connected in series between neighboring cells or between one of the cells and a first pack terminal from among the pack terminals, and a cell controller for controlling the at least one switch according to a cell voltage of the corresponding cell.

Abstract: A battery module includes: a battery cell stack including a plurality of battery cells; a first connection member coupled to anode terminals of the plurality of battery cells; and a second connection member coupled to cathode terminals of the plurality of battery cells. The first connection member includes a first common node to which a first module terminal is coupled. The second connection member includes a second common node to which a second module terminal is coupled. The first common node is located between a center of the battery cell stack and a first battery cell, among first and second battery cells located at outermost sides of the battery cell stack. The second common node is located between the second battery cell and the center of the battery cell stack.

Abstract: A battery module includes battery cells, a first connection member connecting first terminals of the battery cells to each other and connected to a first common node, and a second connection member connecting second terminals of the battery cells to each other and connected to a second common node. The first common node is adjacent to a first battery cell between first and second battery cells at the outermost periphery of the battery cells. The second common node is adjacent to the second battery cell between the first and second battery cells. The first connection member is configured such that as the distance from the first common node is increased, a resistance for unit length is gradually increased. The second connection member is configured such that as the distance from the second common node is increased, a resistance for unit length is gradually increased.

Abstract: Provided are a polyester resin having high heat resistance and degree of crystallinity, a preparation method thereof, and a resin molded article formed therefrom, the resin molded article having superior heat resistance and mechanical strength and maintaining high transparency.

Abstract: The present disclosure relates to a method for predicting an absorbance change by intermolecular interaction, and more particularly, to a method for predicting an absorbance change by the intermolecular interaction, in which absorbance is calculated according to the type of interaction force and bond between an amino acid and a target material using first-principles calculation based on density functional theory (DFT), thereby predicting a change in optical properties when the target material is adsorbed onto 20 amino acids or a peptide composed of two or more amino acids, and screening.

Abstract: A battery protection circuit includes: a charging control switch connected in series to a big current path between a battery module configured with a plurality of cells connected in series and a plurality of pack terminals; a battery controller for controlling the charging control switch based on cell voltages of the cells; and a plurality of first protection circuits connected to the respective cells on the big current path, and intercepting or allowing a current flowing to the corresponding cell based on the cell voltage of the corresponding cell from among the cells, wherein the first protection circuits respectively include at least one switch connected in series between neighboring cells or between one of the cells and a first pack terminal from among the pack terminals, and a cell controller for controlling the at least one switch according to a cell voltage of the corresponding cell.

Abstract: A vehicle engine aftertreatment system includes: a purification module including a plurality of aftertreatment devices having different characteristics, the aftertreatment devices being arranged in parallel; an upstream selection device provided at one side of the purification module for selectively supplying exhaust gas from an engine to one of the aftertreatment devices; and a downstream selection device provided at the other side of the purification module for discharging exhaust gas from one of the aftertreatment devices to out of the purification module.

Abstract: A process for separating hydrogen from a gas mixture having hydrogen and a larger gas molecule is comprised of flowing the gas mixture through a carbonized polyvinylidene chloride (PVDC) copolymer membrane having a hydrogen permeance in combination with a hydrogen/methane selectivity, wherein the combination of hydrogen permeance and hydrogen/methane selectivity is (i) at least 30 GPU hydrogen permeance and at least 200 hydrogen/methane selectivity or (ii) at least 10 GPU hydrogen permeance and at least 700 hydrogen/methane selectivity. The carbonized PVDC copolymer may be made by heating and restraining a polyvinylidene chloride copolymer film or hollow fiber having a thickness of 1 micrometer to 250 micrometers to a pretreatment temperature of 100° C. to 180° C. to form a pretreated polyvinylidene chloride copolymer film and then heating and restraining the pretreated polyvinylidene chloride copolymer film to a maximum pyrolysis temperature from 350° C. to 750° C.

Abstract: The present invention introduces a high entropy alloy doped with boron, comprising four or more metals selected from iron (Fe), chromium (Cr), nickel (Ni), cobalt (Co), manganese (Mn), molybdenum (Mo), aluminum (Al) and copper (Cu), and boron (B) which has single phase FCC structure.

Abstract: A battery protection circuit includes: a plurality of pack terminals configured to connect a battery module to an external device; a first fuse element located on a current path between the battery module and the pack terminals to block a current flow between the battery module and the pack terminals depending on a voltage applied to a control terminal thereof; a first integrated circuit configured to include a first input terminal and control a voltage outputted to the control terminal of the first fuse element depending on a voltage applied to the first input terminal; and a plurality of thermistors connected in series between a positive electrode of the battery module and a first input terminal of the first integrated circuit and having resistance that is varied depending on a temperature of a corresponding cell among a plurality of cells constituting the battery module.

Abstract: A battery protection circuit includes: a plurality of pack terminals configured to connect a battery module to an external device; a first fuse element located on a current path between the battery module and the plurality of pack terminals to block a current flow between the battery module and the plurality of pack terminals depending on a voltage applied to a control terminal thereof; a first integrated circuit configured to include a first input terminal and configured to control a voltage outputted to the control terminal of the first fuse element depending on a voltage applied to the first input terminal; and a plurality of thermistors connected in series between a positive electrode of the battery module and a first input terminal of the first integrated circuit and each thermistor of the plurality of thermistors having resistance that is varied depending on a temperature of a corresponding cell among a plurality of cells constituting the battery module.

Abstract: Provided are a polyester resin having high heat resistance and degree of crystallinity, a preparation method thereof, and a resin molded article formed therefrom, the resin molded article having superior heat resistance and mechanical strength and maintaining high transparency.

Abstract: A process for separating hydrogen from a gas mixture having hydrogen and a larger gas molecule is comprised of flowing the gas mixture through a carbonized polyvinylidene chloride (PVDC) copolymer membrane having a hydrogen permeance in combination with a hydrogen/methane selectivity, wherein the combination of hydrogen permeance and hydrogen/methane selectivity is (i) at least 30 GPU hydrogen permeance and at least 200 hydrogen/methane selectivity or (ii) at least 10 GPU hydrogen permeance and at least 700 hydrogen/methane selectivity. The carbonized PVDC copolymer may be made by heating and restraining a polyvinylidene chloride copolymer film or hollow fiber having a thickness of 1 micrometer to 250 micrometers to a pretreatment temperature of 100° C. to 180° C. to form a pretreated polyvinylidene chloride copolymer film and then heating and restraining the pretreated polyvinylidene chloride copolymer film to a maximum pyrolysis temperature from 350° C. to 750° C.

Abstract: A method of predicting nitrogen dioxide emission from an engine may include an initial nitrogen dioxide formation prediction operation of predicting an amount of nitrogen dioxide which is originally formed in the engine using a nitrogen dioxide formation model by an electronic control unit (ECU) while engine combustion is underway, a nitrogen dioxide reduction prediction operation of determining an amount of nitrogen dioxide which is reduced to nitrogen monoxide using a reverse reaction of the nitrogen dioxide formation model by the ECU based on the amount of formed nitrogen dioxide in the initial nitrogen dioxide formation prediction operation, and a final nitrogen dioxide emission determination operation of determining an amount of nitrogen dioxide which is ultimately generated by the engine by the ECU based on a difference between the amount of formed nitrogen dioxide and the amount of reduced nitrogen dioxide.

Abstract: A system for purifying exhaust gas includes a controller to predict a possibility of ammonia (NH3) slip occurring at the rear end of a selective catalytic reduction on a diesel particulate filter (SDPF) by comparing a convective heat transfer value (h) with a first predetermined value. The controller determines whether an engine is rapidly accelerated, and performs a control to prevent introduction of ammonia downstream of the SDPF when the ammonia slip is predicted to occur.

Abstract: A variable control method of exhaust temperature increase includes, when a cam phaser, which is connected to a double cam shaft having a coaxial arrangement structure of an outer shaft and an inner shaft, is operated and when a cam angle is determined as being varied by a controller, a cam phaser position change control is performed of decreasing a flow rate of an internal exhaust gas recirculation (EGR) supplied to a cylinder of an engine with a cam advance angle, increasing the flow rate of the EGR with a cam retard angle, or blocking the flow rate of the EGR with a maximal cam advance angle.

Abstract: An NFV cloud for providing a vCPE service by using a single Internet line may comprise: a vCPE service having a virtual LAN interface, a virtual WAN interface, and a virtual management interface; a virtual LAN network, a virtual WAN network, and a virtual management network connected to the virtual LAN interface, the virtual WAN interface, and the virtual management interface, respectively; a physical LAN interface for providing customer traffic to the virtual LAN network; a physical WAN interface for connecting the virtual management network to the outside in order to output, to the outside, traffic which has been output from the virtual WAN network and passed through the vCPE service, or to provide a management function for the vCPE service or the NFV cloud; and an interface agent for controlling a connection between the physical WAN interface and the virtual WAN network or the virtual management network.