Abstract: A vehicle engine aftertreatment system includes: a purification module including a plurality of aftertreatment devices having different characteristics, the aftertreatment devices being arranged in parallel; an upstream selection device provided at one side of the purification module for selectively supplying exhaust gas from an engine to one of the aftertreatment devices; and a downstream selection device provided at the other side of the purification module for discharging exhaust gas from one of the aftertreatment devices to out of the purification module.

Abstract: A dispenser includes a syringe container having a first end and a second end, the syringe container having a length direction extending between the first end and the second end, a plunger movable within the syringe container along the length direction of the syringe container and configured to be positioned on a surface of an underfill solution to be received within the syringe container at a first region between the plunger and the second end, a cap attached airtightly to the first end of the syringe container, a first gas supply line configured to supply a first gas into the syringe container through the cap, and a second gas supply line extending from the cap to the plunger, the second gas supply line being in fluid communication with the first region and configured to supply a second gas into the underfill solution to be received within the syringe container at the first region through a through hole of the plunger.

Abstract: A system for purifying exhaust gas includes a controller to predict a possibility of ammonia (NH3) slip occurring at the rear end of a selective catalytic reduction on a diesel particulate filter (SDPF) by comparing a convective heat transfer value (h) with a first predetermined value. The controller determines whether an engine is rapidly accelerated, and performs a control to prevent introduction of ammonia downstream of the SDPF when the ammonia slip is predicted to occur.

Abstract: A variable compression ratio engine includes an extra chamber formed at a cylinder head, an extra valve being able to open/close the extra chamber, and an actuator being able to open/close the extra chamber by driving the extra valve.

Abstract: A variable control method of exhaust temperature increase includes, when a cam phaser, which is connected to a double cam shaft having a coaxial arrangement structure of an outer shaft and an inner shaft, is operated and when a cam angle is determined as being varied by a controller, a cam phaser position change control is performed of decreasing a flow rate of an internal exhaust gas recirculation (EGR) supplied to a cylinder of an engine with a cam advance angle, increasing the flow rate of the EGR with a cam retard angle, or blocking the flow rate of the EGR with a maximal cam advance angle.

Abstract: A variable compression ratio engine includes an extra chamber formed at a cylinder head, an extra valve being able to open/close the extra chamber, and an actuator being able to open/close the extra chamber by driving the extra valve.

Abstract: A method for separating N2 from a hydrocarbon gas mixture containing N2 comprising the steps of: i) providing a bed of adsorbent selective for N2; (ii) passing the hydrocarbon gas mixture through the bed of adsorbent to at least partially remove N2 from the gas mixture to produce: (a) N2-loaded adsorbent and (b) N2-depleted hydrocarbon gas mixture; iii) recovering the N2-depleted hydrocarbon gas mixture; iv) regenerating the N2-loaded adsorbent by at least partially removing N2 from the adsorbent; and v) sequentially repeating steps (ii) and (iii) using regenerated adsorbent from step (iv); wherein the adsorbent comprises a pyrolized sulfonated macroporous ion exchange resin.

Abstract: A process to prepare a carbon molecular sieve adsorbent composition comprises steps beginning with an activated carbon having specific effective micropore size. The activated carbon is impregnated with monomers or partially polymerized polymer, allowed to complete polymerization, and then carbonized such that the impregnant shrinks the micropores to another specific effective micropore size. Finally, the impregnated/polymerized/carbonized product is annealed at a temperature ranging from 1000° C. to 1500° C., which ultimately and predictably shrinks the micropores to a size ranging from 4.0 Angstroms to 4.3 Angstroms. The invention surprisingly enables fine tuning of the effective micropore size, as well as desirable selectivity, capacity and adsorption rates, to obtain highly desirable carbon molecular sieving capability particularly suited for use in, for example, fixed beds in pressure swing or temperature swing processes to enable propylene/propane separations.

Abstract: A system for providing virtual customer premises equipment (vCPE) services to a customer by using network function virtualization (NFV) clouds located in different regions, comprises an orchestrator managing NFV clouds located in at least two different regions; and a service manager located in each of the NFV clouds, the service manager interworking with the orchestrator. Also, the orchestrator controls the service manager to move a vCPE service for the customer from a first NFV cloud to a second NFV cloud among the NFV clouds, and provides the vCPE service to the customer through the second NFV cloud.

Abstract: A battery protection circuit includes: a plurality of pack terminals configured to connect a battery module to an external device; a first fuse element located on a current path between the battery module and the pack terminals to block a current flow between the battery module and the pack terminals depending on a voltage applied to a control terminal thereof; a first integrated circuit configured to include a first input terminal and control a voltage outputted to the control terminal of the first fuse element depending on a voltage applied to the first input terminal; and a plurality of thermistors connected in series between a positive electrode of the battery module and a first input terminal of the first integrated circuit and having resistance that is varied depending on a temperature of a corresponding cell among a plurality of cells constituting the battery module.

Abstract: An NFV cloud for providing a vCPE service by using a single Internet line may comprise: a vCPE service having a virtual LAN interface, a virtual WAN interface, and a virtual management interface; a virtual LAN network, a virtual WAN network, and a virtual management network connected to the virtual LAN interface, the virtual WAN interface, and the virtual management interface, respectively; a physical LAN interface for providing customer traffic to the virtual LAN network; a physical WAN interface for connecting the virtual management network to the outside in order to output, to the outside, traffic which has been output from the virtual WAN network and passed through the vCPE service, or to provide a management function for the vCPE service or the NFV cloud; and an interface agent for controlling a connection between the physical WAN interface and the virtual WAN network or the virtual management network.

Abstract: A dispenser includes a syringe container having a first end and a second end, the syringe container having a length direction extending between the first end and the second end, a plunger movable within the syringe container along the length direction of the syringe container and configured to be positioned on a surface of an underfill solution to be received within the syringe container at a first region between the plunger and the second end, a cap attached airtightly to the first end of the syringe container, a first gas supply line configured to supply a first gas into the syringe container through the cap, and a second gas supply line extending from the cap to the plunger, the second gas supply line being in fluid communication with the first region and configured to supply a second gas into the underfill solution to be received within the syringe container at the first region through a through hole of the plunger.

Abstract: A method of predicting nitrogen dioxide emission from an engine may include an initial nitrogen dioxide formation prediction operation of predicting an amount of nitrogen dioxide which is originally formed in the engine using a nitrogen dioxide formation model by an electronic control unit (ECU) while engine combustion is underway, a nitrogen dioxide reduction prediction operation of determining an amount of nitrogen dioxide which is reduced to nitrogen monoxide using a reverse reaction of the nitrogen dioxide formation model by the ECU based on the amount of formed nitrogen dioxide in the initial nitrogen dioxide formation prediction operation, and a final nitrogen dioxide emission determination operation of determining an amount of nitrogen dioxide which is ultimately generated by the engine by the ECU based on a difference between the amount of formed nitrogen dioxide and the amount of reduced nitrogen dioxide.

Abstract: Novel carbon molecular sieve (CMS) compositions comprising carbonized vinylidene chloride copolymer having micropores with an average micropore size ranging from 3.0 to 5.0. These materials offer capability in separations of gas mixtures including, for example, propane/propylene; nitrogen/methane; and ethane/ethylene. Such may be prepared by a process wherein vinylidene chloride copolymer beads, melt extruded film or fiber are pretreated to form a precursor that is finally carbonized at high temperature. Preselection or knowledge of precursor crystallinity and attained maximum pyrolysis temperature enables preselection or knowledge of a average micropore size, according to the equation ?=6.09+(0.0275×C)?(0.00233×T), wherein ? is the average micropore size in Angstroms, C is the crystallinity percentage and T is the attained maximum pyrolysis temperature in degrees Celsius, provided that crystallinity percentage ranges from 25 to 75 and temperature in degrees Celsius ranges from 800 to 1700.

Abstract: A process for separating hydrogen from a gas mixture having hydrogen and a larger gas molecule is comprised of flowing the gas mixture through a carbonized polyvinylidene chloride (PVDC) copolymer membrane having a hydrogen permeance in combination with a hydrogen/methane selectivity, wherein the combination of hydrogen permeance and hydrogen/methane selectivity is (i) at least 30 GPU hydrogen permeance and at least 200 hydrogen/methane selectivity or (ii) at least 10 GPU hydrogen permeance and at least 700 hydrogen/methane selectivity. The carbonized PVDC copolymer may be made by heating and restraining a polyvinylidene chloride copolymer film or hollow fiber having a thickness of 1 micrometer to 250 micrometers to a pretreatment temperature of 100° C. to 180° C. to form a pretreated polyvinylidene chloride copolymer film and then heating and restraining the pretreated polyvinylidene chloride copolymer film to a maximum pyrolysis temperature from 350° C. to 750° C.

Abstract: A method of controlling an engine system equipped with a supercharger may include determining a target value of boost pressure, depending on an rpm of an engine and then determining whether the supercharger is in an operable region, deducing a target rpm of the supercharger, based on a reference value previously input into the controller and a current state value of a vehicle input into the controller, when it has been determined in the operating-region determination that the supercharger is in the operable region, setting a maximum value, in the target rpm deduced in the target-rpm deduction, to a drive rpm of the supercharger, and verifying whether the set drive rpm is greater than or equal to a predetermined reference value previously input into the controller, and driving the supercharger at the set drive rpm, by closing the bypass valve to open the supercharger path.

Abstract: A process to prepare a carbon molecular sieve adsorbent composition comprises steps beginning with an activated carbon having specific effective micropore size. The activated carbon is impregnated with monomers or partially polymerized polymer, allowed to complete polymerization, and then carbonized such that the impregnant shrinks the micropores to another specific effective micropore size. Finally, the impregnated/polymerized/carbonized product is annealed at a temperature ranging from 1000° C. to 1500° C., which ultimately and predictably shrinks the micropores to a size ranging from 4.0 Angstroms to 4.3 Angstroms. The invention surprisingly enables fine tuning of the effective micropore size, as well as desirable selectivity, capacity and adsorption rates, to obtain highly desirable carbon molecular sieving capability particularly suited for use in, for example, fixed beds in pressure swing or temperature swing processes to enable propylene/propane separations.

Abstract: An apparatus is provided. The apparatus includes a detector configured to detect a state of the apparatus, and a processor configured to determine a current change degree of an apparatus state between a current point of time and a previous point of time based on a first change value of the apparatus state at the current point of time and a second change value of the apparatus state at the previous point of time earlier than the current point of time, and determine whether change in the apparatus state is normal or abnormal based on a result of comparison between the determined current change degree and an accumulated change degree of the apparatus state accumulated for a predetermined time section before the current point of time.

Abstract: A method of manufacturing a semiconductor package includes preparing a package substrate including a semiconductor chip mounting region. A semiconductor chip is mounted in the semiconductor chip mounting region. A dam surrounding the semiconductor chip is formed. The formation of the dam includes depositing a first solution having a temperature below a set first temperature. A region under the semiconductor chip and a region defined by the dam are filled with an underfill by depositing the first solution having a temperature equal to or higher than the set first temperature.

Abstract: A system for providing virtual customer premises equipment (vCPE) services to a customer by using network function virtualization (NFV) clouds located in different regions, comprises an orchestrator aging NFV clouds located in at least two different regions; and a service manager located in each of the NFV clouds, the service manager interworking with the orchestrator. Also, the orchestrator controls the service manager to move a vCPE service for the customer from a first NFV cloud to a second NFV cloud among the NFV clouds, and provides the vCPE service to the customer through the second NFV cloud.