Abstract: A variable resistance memory device includes memory cells arranged at a region where word lines and bit lines cross each other, control logic configured to generate a command flag indicative of a program operation mode in response to a program command provided from an external device and configured to control the program operation of the memory cells based on the command flag and a write driver configured to be activated in response to the flag command and configured to supply a program current to the memory cells.

Abstract: A program pulse generation circuit includes: a set pulse generator configured to apply a set pulse to an output node in response to a driving signal, a set pulse control signal, and a first switching signal, and a current controller configured to control step reductions forming the set pulse in response to the driving signal and a second switching signal.

Abstract: Described embodiments provide for handover in a long term evolution (LTE) communication network. A LTE macrocell base station may receive a measurement report from user equipment while providing a communication service to the user equipment located within a service area of the LTE macrocell base station, and determine whether or not the neighbor cell is a LTE macrocell or a LTE femtocell based on the measurement report. The LTE macrocell base station may initiate hand-over of the user equipment to a neighbor WCDMA macrocell base station when the neighbor cell is determined as the LTE femtocell.

Abstract: Provided are apparatus and method for setting a cyclic prefix length according to a type of a base station. The apparatus may include a memory, a receiver, a selector, and an inserter. The receiver may be configured to store and to manage a plurality of prefix lengths associated with base station types. The receiver may be configured to receive base station information from a base station. The selector may be configured to select a prefix length from the plurality of prefix length based on the received base station information. The inserter may be configured to insert a cyclic prefix having the determined prefix length in a guard interval of a transmission frame.

Abstract: Provided are apparatus and method for controlling handover to prevent femtocell interference. The apparatus may include an event receiving module, a handover determining module, and an inter-frequency processing module. The event receiving module may be configured to receive a control message from user equipment. The handover determining module may be configured to analyze the received control message and determine whether the control message includes a request of inter-cell handover from a first cell base station of the first cell to a second cell base station of one of the second cells. The inter-frequency processing module may be configured to perform inter-frequency handover using an unshared frequency when the handover determining module determines that the control message includes the request of inter-cell handover.

Abstract: A method of calculating a quality-value of a mobile communication service is disclosed. In one embodiment, the method includes i) loading an engineering design of the building into a memory of a computing device having a graphic user interface (GUI), ii) applying an engineering factor which influences a quality of the mobile communication service on the engineering design when a communication device, configured to provide the mobile communication service, is set up in the building; and iii) calculating, with a processor of the computing device, the quality-value of the mobile communication service based on the applied engineering factor.