Abstract: Disclosed is a system and method for preparing hydrogen chloride and ammonia gas by using ammonium chloride. The system includes a decomposition reactor and at least one regeneration reactor, or includes a reactor that may serve as the decomposition reactor and the regeneration reactor; ammonium chloride in particle form is continuously added to the decomposition reactor via a solid particle feed apparatus, and reacts with molten-state ammonium hydrogen sulfate to generate hydrogen chloride gas and an intermediate material; the intermediate material is discharged to the regeneration reactor, and heated therein to decompose into ammonium hydrogen sulfate and ammonia gas; and the ammonium hydrogen sulfate is returned to the decomposition reactor for recycling.

Abstract: The invention provides compositions comprising a single protein having one or more molecules of a pharmaceutical agent tightly bound therein. The compositions are useful to decrease the toxicity and/or to widen the therapeutic window of the pharmaceutical agent. The invention also provides methods for preparing such a composition.

Abstract: Disclosed is a method for preparing ammonia gas through a reaction between an ammonium salt and a silicate. An aqueous solution of the ammonium salt in the form of atomized droplets is contacted with a silicate at a high temperature for a reaction to generate ammonia gas and a solid substance. The silicate can be solid particles, and forms a bed. The generated ammonia gas is collected, the solid substance is extracted, part of the same solid substance is mixed with a fresh silicate solid particle, and the mixture continuously reacts with the atomized droplets of the aqueous solution of the ammonium salt.

Abstract: Disclosed are a preparation device and a preparation method of ammonia gas. The preparation device, prepares ammonia gas by reacting ammonium chloride with a particulate inorganic salt, includes one fluidized bed reactor with at least two fluidization chambers, in which one is a preheating chamber configured to preheat the particulate inorganic salt, and the other is a reaction chamber inside provided with at least one atomizing nozzle, the particulate inorganic salt forming a fluidized bed layer and reacting with an aqueous solution of ammonium chloride in the reaction chamber to generate the ammonia gas. The particulate inorganic salt can be sequentially flowed through a plurality of preheating chambers and reaction chambers under an impetus of a density difference of the particulate bed layers, finally achieving the required conversion rate.

Abstract: A non-covalent complex of an albumin molecule and a hydrophobic ligand, compositions containing the same, and methods of use thereof are provided. The present complex may find use in delivering the hydrophobic ligand to microorganisms that have albumin-binding outer surfaces, such as a cell wall.

Abstract: The invention provides compositions comprising a single protein having one or more molecules of a pharmaceutical agent tightly bound therein. The compositions are useful to decrease the toxicity and/or to widen the therapeutic window of the pharmaceutical agent. The invention also provides methods for preparing such a composition.

Abstract: The invention provides compositions comprising a single protein having one or more biopolymers or modified biopolymers for therapeutics and diagnostics tightly bound therein. The compositions are useful to enhance efficacy and water solution of biopolymers, decrease their toxicity and/or to widen therapeutic window of the biopolymers. The invention also provides methods for preparing such compositions.

Abstract: Provided is a system and a method for preparing ultrafine silica by leaching silicate ore using hydrogen chloride gas, comprising an ore raw material feeding device, an ejector, a stirring tank and a liquid-solid separation device. A circulated material outlet of a stirred tank is connected with a liquid inlet of an ejector through a circulation pipe; a liquid outlet of the ejector is connected with a circulated material inlet of the stirred tank; a material outlet of a raw ore feeding apparatus is connected with the circulation pipe; and the circulated material outlet of the stirred tank is connected with a solid-liquid separation apparatus. Based on the system and method in the present disclosure, an industrially feasible solution for preparing silica by continuously leaching a silicate ore is provided. The dissolution efficiency of ores and the utilization of hydrochloric acid are greatly increased.

Abstract: A non-covalent complex of an albumin molecule and a hydrophobic ligand, compositions containing the same, and methods of use thereof are provided. The present complex may find use in delivering the hydrophobic ligand to microorganisms that have albumin-binding outer surfaces, such as a cell wall.

Abstract: The invention provides compositions comprising a single protein having one or more molecules of a pharmaceutical agent tightly bound therein. The compositions are useful to decrease the toxicity and/or to widen the therapeutic window of the pharmaceutical agent. The invention also provides methods for preparing such a composition.

Abstract: The invention provides compositions comprising a single protein having one or more molecules of a pharmaceutical agent tightly bound therein. The compositions are useful to decrease the toxicity and/or to widen the therapeutic window of the pharmaceutical agent. The invention also provides methods for preparing such a composition.

Abstract: Disclosed is a method for preparing ammonia gas through a reaction between an ammonium salt and a silicate. An aqueous solution of the ammonium salt in the form of atomized droplets is contacted with a silicate at a high temperature for a reaction to generate ammonia gas and a solid substance. The silicate can be solid particles, and forms a bed. The generated ammonia gas is collected, the solid substance is extracted, part of the same solid substance is mixed with a fresh silicate solid particle, and the mixture continuously reacts with the atomized droplets of the aqueous solution of the ammonium salt.

Abstract: Provided is a system and a method for preparing ultrafine silica by leaching silicate ore using hydrogen chloride gas, comprising an ore raw material feeding device, an ejector, a stirring tank and a liquid-solid separation device. A circulated material outlet of a stirred tank is connected with a liquid inlet of an ejector through a circulation pipe; a liquid outlet of the ejector is connected with a circulated material inlet of the stirred tank; a material outlet of a raw ore feeding apparatus is connected with the circulation pipe; and the circulated material outlet of the stirred tank is connected with a solid-liquid separation apparatus. Based on the system and method in the present disclosure, an industrially feasible solution for preparing silica by continuously leaching a silicate ore is provided. The dissolution efficiency of ores and the utilization of hydrochloric acid are greatly increased.

Abstract: Methods and systems for Resonant Raman spectroscopy are provided. Methods according to certain embodiments include irradiating a sample with a monochromatic light source at a first irradiation intensity and a second irradiation intensity, determining the intensity of one or more of the Resonant Raman scattering and fluorescence scattering at the first irradiation intensity and second irradiation intensity, calculating a rate of change of one or more of the intensity of Resonant Raman scattering and fluorescence in response to the change in irradiation intensity from the first irradiation intensity to the second irradiation intensity and comparing one or more of the rate of change in the intensity of Resonant Raman scattering and the rate of change in the intensity of fluorescence scattering with the rate of change in the irradiation intensity by the monochromatic light source to determine the Resonant Raman response of the sample.

Abstract: Disclosed are a preparation device and a preparation method of ammonia gas. The preparation device, prepares ammonia gas by reacting ammonium chloride with a particulate inorganic salt, includes one fluidized bed reactor with at least two fluidization chambers, in which one is a preheating chamber configured to preheat the particulate inorganic salt, and the other is a reaction chamber inside provided with at least one atomizing nozzle, the particulate inorganic salt forming a fluidized bed layer and reacting with an aqueous solution of ammonium chloride in the reaction chamber to generate the ammonia gas. The particulate inorganic salt can be sequentially flowed through a plurality of preheating chambers and reaction chambers under an impetus of a density difference of the particulate bed layers, finally achieving the required conversion rate.

Abstract: Disclosed is a system and method for preparing hydrogen chloride and ammonia gas by using ammonium chloride. The system includes a decomposition reactor and at least one regeneration reactor, or includes a reactor that may serve as the decomposition reactor and the regeneration reactor; ammonium chloride in particle form is continuously added to the decomposition reactor via a solid particle feed apparatus, and reacts with molten-state ammonium hydrogen sulfate to generate hydrogen chloride gas and an intermediate material; the intermediate material is discharged to the regeneration reactor, and heated therein to decompose into ammonium hydrogen sulfate and ammonia gas; and the ammonium hydrogen sulfate is returned to the decomposition reactor for recycling.

Abstract: A non-covalent complex of an albumin molecule and a hydrophobic ligand, compositions containing the same, and methods of use thereof are provided. The present complex may find use in delivering the hydrophobic ligand to microorganisms that have albumin-binding outer surfaces, such as a cell wall.

Abstract: Methods and systems for Resonant Raman spectroscopy are provided. Methods according to certain embodiments include irradiating a sample with a monochromatic light source at a first irradiation intensity and a second irradiation intensity, determining the intensity of one or more of the Resonant Raman scattering and fluorescence scattering at the first irradiation intensity and second irradiation intensity, calculating a rate of change of one or more of the intensity of Resonant Raman scattering and fluorescence in response to the change in irradiation intensity from the first irradiation intensity to the second irradiation intensity and comparing one or more of the rate of change in the intensity of Resonant Raman scattering and the rate of change in the intensity of fluorescence scattering with the rate of change in the irradiation intensity by the monochromatic light source to determine the Resonant Raman response of the sample.

Abstract: A non-covalent complex of an albumin molecule and a hydrophobic ligand, compositions containing the same, and methods of use thereof are provided. The present complex may find use in delivering the hydrophobic ligand to microorganisms that have albumin-binding outer surfaces, such as a cell wall.

Abstract: The invention provides compositions comprising a single protein having one or more molecules of a pharmaceutical agent tightly bound therein. The compositions are useful to decrease the toxicity and/or to widen the therapeutic window of the pharmaceutical agent. The invention also provides methods for preparing such a composition.