Abstract: This invention presents methods leveraging artificial intelligence and machine learning (AI/ML) models to enhance wireless communications efficiency in 5G/6G networks. The processes involve storing, configuring, and transferring AI/ML models within base stations and user equipment devices (UE), allowing for localized decision-making and improved network performance. Features include dynamic model activation/deactivation, model compression/decompression, and encoding/decoding method negotiation. Periodic or condition-driven model updates ensure responsiveness to network changes, while model replacements enable upgrades and iterations. The system facilitates seamless handovers between base stations, with information sharing about model capabilities and UE specifics. Model storage and configuration can also occur in the UE, empowering it for local decision-making in variable or challenging network conditions.

Abstract: In an aspect of the disclosure, a method, a computer-readable medium, and an apparatus are provided. The apparatus may be wireless equipment. The wireless equipment selects a first subset of beams to be utilized for beam management. The beams are from a set of first type of beams used for communication with a base station or a UE. The wireless equipment measures signals transmitted on a second subset of beams. The beams are from the set of first type of beams or from a set of second type of beams. The wireless equipment measures the signals over a time window. The wireless equipment inputs the measurements to a computational model. The wireless equipment receives predictions of channel measurements on the first subset of beams from the computational model.

Abstract: A method for manufacturing a package includes generating an electric field between an anode and a cathode in an electroplating solution to electroplate a substrate electrically connected to the cathode; depositing metal on a central region of the substrate with a first deposition rate; depositing metal on an outer region of the substrate with a second deposition rate lower than the first deposition rate; and reducing the first deposition rate.

Abstract: Apparatus and methods are provided for efficient bandwidth adaptation for wideband carrier. In one novel aspect, the UE starts a BWP timer upon detecting one or more BWP timer starting triggering events, resets the BWP timer upon detecting BWP resetting triggering events, and switches to the default BWP upon expiration of the BWP timer. The BWP timer starting triggering events comprises decoding a command to switch away from the default BWP, the detection of end of DL data transmission in DRX mode. In another novel aspect, the UE only decodes the DCI indication for active BWP switching in the first three OFDM symbols of a subframe or a slot. In yet another novel aspect, when the SPS is configured for the serving cell for a UE with multiple BWPs, the SPS is configured for all the BWPs accordingly.

Abstract: Aspects of the disclosure provide methods and apparatuses for wireless communication. In some embodiments, a first mobile device can receive a first indication of a first transmit activity pattern associated with a second mobile device that transmits data to the first mobile device via a radio interface without passing through a base station. The first mobile device can compute a first receive activity pattern that is inclusive of at least the first transmit activity pattern. The first mobile device monitors the radio interface according to the first receive activity pattern.

Abstract: A UE includes an application processor that generates application data to be transmitted to a base station. The UE also includes a modem that determines a downlink active time period. The modem or the application processor determines whether the application data is available before the downlink active time period. The modem or the application processor withholds the transmission of the application data to the base station until the downlink active time period. The modem transmits the application data to the base station during the downlink active time period.

Abstract: Apparatus and methods are provided for efficient bandwidth adaptation for wideband carrier. In one novel aspect, the UE starts a BWP timer upon detecting one or more BWP timer starting triggering events, resets the BWP timer upon detecting BWP resetting triggering events, and switches to the default BWP upon expiration of the BWP timer. The BWP timer starting triggering events comprises decoding a command to switch away from the default BWP, the detection of end of DL data transmission in DRX mode. In another novel aspect, the UE only decodes the DCI indication for active BWP switching in the first three OFDM symbols of a subframe or a slot. In yet another novel aspect, when the SPS is configured for the serving cell for a UE with multiple BWPs, the SPS is configured for all the BWPs accordingly.

Abstract: A method for manufacturing a package includes generating an electric field between an anode and a cathode in an electroplating solution to electroplate a substrate electrically connected to the cathode; depositing metal on a central region of the substrate with a first deposition rate; depositing metal on an outer region of the substrate with a second deposition rate lower than the first deposition rate; and reducing the first deposition rate.

Abstract: Repeater and control method are provided for DL transmission and UL transmission between a BS and a UE. In one novel aspect, the repeater establishes a control link with the BS. Then, the repeater configures an amplify and forward link between the BS and the UE by at least one configuration of the control link.

Abstract: Low Earth Orbit (LEO) satellites orbit around the earth at a high speed (mobility), but over a predictable or deterministic orbit. In this invention, an efficient mechanism to include a list of multiple Tracking Area Codes (TAC List) in LEO-NTN is proposed for efficient tracking area update (TAU). Each cell broadcasts a TAC list corresponding to all the tracking areas it covers as it moves, dynamically. A UE selects a cell and is registered with a TA during initial registration and cell selection. As the satellite moves, the UE reselects another cell during cell reselection. The UE triggers a TAU only if its current TA does not match with any tracking area code of the TAC List broadcasted by the reselected cell. By using the concept of TAC list, it significantly reduces the TAU signaling overhead in LEO-NTN.

Abstract: Apparatus and methods are provided for initiating INACTIVE small data transmission (ISDT). In one novel aspect, the UE verifies one or more sets of conditions to select an ISDT initiation procedure. The UE first verifies that a set of ISDT conditions are met and selects an ISDT initiation procedure based on one or more sets of selection conditions, otherwise, the UE goes to the CONNECTED state. In one embodiment, the ISDT conditions comprises a data volume is smaller than or equal to a preconfigured ISDT data volume threshold, the UE has a valid Inactive AS context, no fallback indication has been received, and ISDT is supported by the wireless network. In another embodiment, the ISDT condition further includes the RSRP is greater than or equal to a preconfigured RSRP threshold. In one embodiment, the ISDT initiation procedures comprises: RRC-based RA procedure, RRC-less RA procedure, RRC-based CG, and RRC-less CG procedure.

Abstract: Methods and apparatus are provided for the RRC message segmentation. In one novel aspect, the UE obtains the size Z of the RRC message and the size limit L of the underlying transmission at layer S of the UE protocol stack, wherein the layer S either the RRC layer, the PDCP layer, or a sublayer between an RRC layer and a PDCP layer. The UE triggers RRC message segmentation upon detecting Z is greater than L. In another embodiment, the layer R of the protocol stack of the UE receives, in order, a sequence of chunks of an RRC message, reassembles of the RRC message, wherein the layer R is selected from a same layer as the layer S and a layer higher than the layer S. In one novel aspect, the size limitation L is either predefined or obtained through network notification or UE inquiry.

Abstract: A method of UE-initiated radio resource control (RRC) connection release procedure in LTE/5G network is proposed. A UE is required to establish RRC connection and enter RRC_Connected state for data communication. However, power consumption from functions for UE mobility can be significant, especially in RRC_Connected state. It is thus desirable for the UE to be able leave the RRC_Connected state by triggering an RRC connection release procedure. The triggering conditions may include: 1) UE has no data transmission for quite some time; 2) UE is in low battery status; 3) UE has incoming voice/video call from another USIM; or 4) UE has outgoing voice/video call in another USIM.

Abstract: Apparatus and methods are provided for NR data transmission in the INACTIVE state. In one novel aspect, one or more data transmissions are performed in the UE INACTIVE state. The UE initiates the one or more data transmission in the INACTIVE state, restores the UE INACTIVE AS CONTEXT, performs the one or more data transmissions, and stops the data transmission upon detecting one or more preconfigured suspension conditions. In one embodiment, large sized data that cannot be carried by Msg3/MsgA are segmented. The UE multiplexes the BSR and the UL data in one MAC PDU and transmits the MAC PDU in the first UL transmission opportunity. In one embodiment, the UE goes to the CONNECTED state when one or more preconfigured fallback conditions are met. In another embodiment, the UE goes to the IDLE state when one or more preconfigured failure conditions are met.

Abstract: Apparatus and methods are provided to support uplink data compression (UDC) in NR protocol stack. In one novel aspect, UDC is performed at the transmitter side at the packet data convergence protocol (PDCP) layer before packets routing and uplink switching. At the receiver side, the receiver performs reordering before decompresses the UDC packets. In one embodiment, transmitting UE is configured with multiple radio access technology (RAT) dual connectivity (MRDC) with a master cell group and a secondary cell group, and wherein the PDCP entity of the UE performs UDC data compression for the MRDC before routing. In another embodiment, the transmitter configures two UDC protocol stacks when a DAPS bearer is configured. The transmitting device generates UDC compressed data packets and performs UDC with the target cell configuration when UL data switching is received from lower layer.

Abstract: Apparatus and methods are provided for reliable multicast transmission with compact protocol stack. In one novel aspect, compact protocol stacks are configured for the UE and the base station handling both the PTM RB and the PTP RB. The compact protocol stack is either configured a compact RLC entity or a compact PDCP entity. The UE monitors a PTM LCH and a PTP LCH and sends feedback to the network with the PTP RB. The base station transmits MBS data packets in the PTM mode to the one or more subscriber UE, monitors feedback report from each subscriber UEs through corresponding PTP RB, and retransmits MBS data packets to one or more UEs through corresponding PTP RBs based on corresponding feedback reports. PTM-to-PTP and PTP-to-PTM mode switches are performed when triggering events are detected. The mode switch notification is sent to UEs via MAC CE or RLC control PDU.

Abstract: A display device including a display area and a non-display area is provided. The display area includes a display panel, a switch unit and a first reflective film. The non-display area includes a second reflective film. The switch unit is disposed on the display panel. The first reflective film is disposed between the display panel and the switch unit. When the display device is set in a pattern mode, the display panel does not emit image light. For the pattern mode, the reflectivity in the display area is approximately equal to the reflectivity in the non-display area for ambient light.

Abstract: A method of providing early paging indication (PEI) for power consumption enhancements in a 5G/NR network is proposed. Under the novel paging reception procedure with PEI, UE can skip PO monitoring if PEI indicates negative. The UE main receiver is typically turned on in every paging cycle, for LOOP, MEAS, and PEI reception. However, if PEI indicates no paging, then UE can turn off its main receiver right after performing measurements. Since PEIs are always transmitted and are located near synchronization signal block (SSB) bursts, power saving can be achieved not only for PO monitoring but also for light sleep between the last SSB/PEI and the PO monitoring gap and state transitions, when no UE in the UE group is paged.

Abstract: Methods for a New Radio (NR)-based, Low Earth Orbit (LEO) Non-Terrestrial Networks (NTN) are proposed to improve cell selection and reselection by using satellite assistance information. Different from traditional 5G New Radio systems, the LEO NTN can provide the next cell information along the satellite trajectory using System Information Broadcast (SIB). The assistance information can include satellite's long term ephemeris in the format of Position Velocity (PV) information or details of satellite's other orbital parameters. During TN-NTN join coverage, as TN cells are expected to have a better coverage then NTN cells, the network can assign higher priority to the TN cells over NTN cells. Similarly, for a mobility involving earth-fixed and earth-moving beams (cells), earth-fixed cells can be prioritized over earth-moving beams for cell reselection.

Abstract: A method of configuring a set of active cells among neighboring cells to reduce latency and interruption for inter-cell mobility is proposed. The set of active cells is an active set of cells among which UE can do fast cell switching. The set of active cells is configured by the network based on UE measurement report or network deployment information. UE maintains the configuration and can perform pre-synchronization to the configured active cells in downlink (DL) only or in both DL and uplink (UL). UE maintains the DL/UL synchronization with the active cells, and applies configuration once UE is indicated to switch to an active cell as the target cell. Because UE maintains the configuration and DL/UL timing of the target cell before receiving the cell-switch command, the mobility latency and interruption time for inter-cell mobility is reduced.