Abstract: A method of securely routing data traffic between communication networks. In an integrated security device, a host router supports a virtual router that peers with VRF (virtual routing and forwarding) instances associated with participating networks on the host router. Each VRF instance preferably runs its own dynamic routing protocol and determines when received data traffic may be directly forwarded from one network to another and when it must be forwarded to an OE (offload engine) for enforcement of security policies or NAT (network address translation) processing.

Abstract: A method of securely routing data traffic between communication networks. In an integrated security device, a host router supports a virtual router that peers with VRF (virtual routing and forwarding) instances associated with participating networks on the host router. Each VRF instance preferably runs its own dynamic routing protocol and determines when received data traffic may be directly forwarded from one network to another and when it must be forwarded to an OE (offload engine) for enforcement of security policies or NAT (network address translation) processing.

Abstract: An optoelectronic semiconductor device including: a substrate; a semiconductor system having an active layer formed on the substrate; and an electrode structure formed on the semiconductor system, wherein the electrode structure includes: a first conductivity type bonding pad; a second conductivity type bonding pad; a first conductivity type extension electrode; and a second conductivity type extension electrode, wherein the first conductivity type extension electrode and the second conductivity type extension electrode form a three-dimensional crossover; wherein the first conductivity type extension electrode and the second conductivity type extension electrode are on the opposite sides of the active layer.

Abstract: A rotary modulation engine enabling modulation of rotary pistons' rotational speeds is introduced. The rotary modulation engine utilizes four elliptical gears to drive two rotors that overlap each other with rotary pistons thereon alternating one another and rotating in the same direction. The elliptical gears also modulate the relative rotational speeds of these rotary pistons to thereby complete compression, power, exhaust and intake strokes four times in one revolution of a power output shaft of the engine. The rotary modulation engine with the above arrangements has smaller volume and improved efficiency as compared to the conventional four-stroke engine that requires two revolutions of the engine's crankshaft to complete four strokes. The rotary modulation engine can be applied to cars, ships, power generators and the like, and has reduced number of parts, volume and manufacturing cost while provides effectively upgraded operation efficiency.

Abstract: An optoelectronic semiconductor device including: a substrate; a semiconductor system having an active layer formed on the substrate; and an electrode structure formed on the semiconductor system, wherein the electrode structure includes: a first conductivity type bonding pad; a second conductivity type bonding pad; a first conductivity type extension electrode; and a second conductivity type extension electrode, wherein the first conductivity type extension electrode and the second conductivity type extension electrode form a three-dimensional crossover; wherein the first conductivity type extension electrode and the second conductivity type extension electrode are on the opposite sides of the active layer.

Abstract: Embodiments of the invention provide a method for building a classification tree based on a plurality of rules. Each rule includes multiple fields having different priority levels. The classification tree is built to provide for single pass classification of a received packet according to the multiple rules. The classification tree is built level-by-level, where each level represents one of the priority levels. Building a single level of the classification tree includes: creating, for each of the logical decision paths received from a next higher priority level, a respective sub-tree. The sub-tree includes only nodes and related logical decision paths that are necessary to satisfy rules associated with a respective next higher priority level node. Building of the single level further includes: creating, for each non-lowest priority level, logical decision paths from nodes within the current priority level to a next lower priority level.

Abstract: A dimming method for LED driving circuit is proposed. By temporary switching a pin that is originally used for the input/output of other electric signals to a high impedance node, the dimming control signal may be inputted to dim LEDs. The dimming method comprises the steps of: floating the pin every a period of time to pull the pin's voltage being equal to the dimming control signal; detecting the pin's voltage; and retrieving the dimming control signal in accordance with the detected pin's voltage and thereafter dimming the LEDs.

Abstract: Embodiments of the invention provide a method for building a classification tree based on a plurality of rules. Each rule includes multiple fields having different priority levels. The classification tree is built to provide for single pass classification of a received packet according to the multiple rules. The classification tree is built level-by-level, where each level represents one of the priority levels. Building a single level of the classification tree includes: creating, for each of the logical decision paths received from a next higher priority level, a respective sub-tree. The sub-tree includes only nodes and related logical decision paths that are necessary to satisfy rules associated with a respective next higher priority level node. Building of the single level further includes: creating, for each non-lowest priority level, logical decision paths from nodes within the current priority level to a next lower priority level.

Abstract: A data communications switch for dynamically distributing packet processing operations between an ingress and egress processor for load balancing is disclosed. The invention in the preferred embodiment features a switching device including a plurality of switching modules, each of the switching modules including a packet classifier for identifying one or more packet processing operations to be applied to an ingress packet and a controller adapted to allocate each of the identified one or more packet processing operations between a first set of packet processing operations and a second set of packet processing operations, execute the first set of packet processing operations at the ingress processor at which the packet was received, and transmit instructions to the egress processor to execute the second set of packet processing operations. The egress processor then executes the second set of packet processing operations, after which the packet may be transmitted toward its destination node.

Abstract: A device is described herein that performs a digital-to-analog conversion on a digital multimedia signal in a manner that enhances the human perceptual quality of the resulting analog multimedia signal (e.g., musical passage). In one embodiment, the device operates as follows: (1) divides the bitstream of a digital multimedia signal into several distinct multimedia bitstreams; (2) applies the most effective signal processing (filtering and noise shaping) to each distinct multimedia bitstream; (3) performs the most appropriate digital-to-analog conversion (using a multi-bit DAC, a bitstream DAC, a over-sampled bitstream DAC, or a hybrid of these DACs) to each distinct multimedia bitstream; and (4) combines all of the analog multimedia signals which are outputted by the DACs into a single analog multimedia signal.

Abstract: A method and apparatus for provisioning bandwidth among a plurality of queues in a switching device are disclosed. The bandwidth provisioning employs a QoS label with a timestamp to determine the queue delay associated with the transmission of the packet from an ingress switching device, e.g. ingress blade, to an egress switching device, e.g. egress blade. The QoS label is applied on the ingress blade and removed and read on the egress blade. Using the timestamp, the switch can identify congested priority queues at the ingress blade and selectively enable fragmentation for purposes of preventing particular packets and or particular flows from consuming disproportionately large system resources including bandwidth necessary to communicate packets through the switch fabric. Some QoS labels may further include instruction sets and a fragmentation identifiers used by the egress blade to reassemble the packet fragments.

Abstract: Disclosed is a method and system adapted to receive an input signal from a far end transmission, to take in a near end return signal, and to inject into the return signal, prior to sending the return to the far end, a corrective signal whereby, for example, echoes in the return signal may be reduced or cancelled. A first exemplary embodiment includes one or more adaptive infinite impulse response (IIR) filters and one or more adaptive finite-impulse response filters (FIR) filters running in parallel each having an output that may be selected as the corrective signal based on filter performance determinations. A second exemplary embodiment includes an adaptive FIR filter outputting the corrective signal where the adaptive FIR filter has selected for it, based on filter performance determinations, an output of one or more adaptive IIR filters or a conditioned return signal selected as a reference.

Abstract: A method and apparatus for performing multi-stage classification of a plurality of strings extracted from a packet, for example, is disclosed. The method causes a plurality of hierarchical tables to be searched, each table having criteria derived from the policies with which the packet is classified. One of the plurality of the strings is searched at each of the plurality of tables. Each match identified in one table is used to retrieve a pointer to a subsequent table. Each of the matches in each of the hierarchical tables is scored in order to generate a cumulative score for each policy, a score may be used to select from a plurality of applicable policies. In a first embodiment, a plurality of policies, as embodied in the hierarchical tables, are searched and the best policy selected. In a second embodiment, recursive searching is employed.

Abstract: Disclosed is a method and system adapted to receive an input signal from a far end transmission, to take in a near end return signal, and to inject into the return signal, prior to sending the return to the far end, a corrective signal whereby, for example, echoes in the return signal may be reduced or cancelled. A first exemplary embodiment includes one or more adaptive infinite impulse response (IIR) filters and one or more adaptive finite-impulse response filters (FIR) filters running in parallel each having an output that may be selected as the corrective signal based on filter performance determinations. A second exemplary embodiment includes an adaptive FIR filter outputting the corrective signal where the adaptive FIR filter has selected for it, based on filter performance determinations, an output of one or more adaptive IIR filters or a conditioned return signal selected as a reference.

Abstract: An apparatus and method for performing congestion management in a switch or router is disclosed. The apparatus acquires and or generates performance metrics for a plurality of switching module coupled via a switching fabric, generates a performance index based on the attributes from the switching modules, and allocates switching fabric bandwidth based on a weighted combination of the performance metrics. The performance metrics may include past and presents values of some attributes as well as predicted values.

Abstract: A dimming method for LED driving circuit is proposed. By temporary switching a pin that is originally used for the input/output of other electric signals to a high impedance node, the dimming control signal may be inputted to dim LEDs. The dimming method comprises the steps of: floating the pin every a period of time to pull the pin's voltage being equal to the dimming control signal; detecting the pin's voltage; and retrieving the dimming control signal in accordance with the detected pin's voltage and thereafter dimming the LEDs.

Abstract: A network device (e.g., layer 3 Ethernet switch) is described herein which interfaces with an anomaly detector that implements a type II fuzzy neural network to track symptoms of an attack (which is directed at a private network) and to suggest escalating corrective actions (which can be implemented by the network device) until the symptoms of the attack begin to disappear.

Abstract: A method of repairing scratches in a digital image includes counting the number of abnormal pixels among neighboring pixels of a selected pixel. The selected pixels that are surrounded by abnormal pixels in a number greater than a predetermined value are designed as particular pixels. An area surrounding each particular pixel is divided into a plurality of blocks. Furthermore, brightness difference between two of the blocks are calculated. Scratch pixels are found from the particular pixels based on brightness difference between blocks. Then, an area surrounded by scratch pixels are subdivided and filled up. Thereby, the scratch pixels can be precisely found and repaired without the need of hardware.

Abstract: A digital image interpolation method is disclosed which a projection point (x, y) of the original image corresponding to a pixel of the transformed image first is determined. According to neighboring pixels (m, n) of the projection point, Gauss weights Wi then are determined. Lastly, according to the Gauss weights Wi and the corresponding color value Vi of the neighboring pixels, a color value f (x, y) of the projection point is computed. Via an interpolation method using Gauss weight, the computation time is reduced while qualitatively improving the image processing.

Abstract: A dimming method for LED driving circuit is proposed. By temporary switching a pin that is originally used for the input/output of other electric signals to a high impedance node, the dimming control signal may be inputted to dim LEDs. The dimming method comprises the steps of: floating the pin every a period of time to pull the pin's voltage being equal to the dimming control signal; detecting the pin's voltage; and retrieving the dimming control signal in accordance with the detected pin's voltage and thereafter dimming the LEDs.