Abstract: A gradated photomask is provided. The photomask includes a first region including a first plurality of sub-resolution features and a second region including a second plurality of sub-resolution features. The first region blocks a first percentage of the incident radiation. The second region blocks a second percentage of the incident radiation. The first and second percentage are different. An intensity selective exposure method is also provided.

Abstract: A method for etching an ultra thin film is provided which includes providing a substrate having the ultra thin film formed thereon, patterning a photosensitive layer formed over the ultra thin film, etching the ultra thin film using the patterned photosensitive layer, and removing the patterned photosensitive layer. The etching process includes utilizing an etch material with a diffusion resistant carrier such that the etch material is prevented from diffusing to a region underneath the photosensitive layer and removing portions of the ultra thin film underneath the photosensitive layer.

Abstract: A fluoropolymer blend with high ionic conductivity that can be applied in electroactive polymer composite includes following components: PVDF-g-SPS (styrene-grafted and sulfonated PVDF); PVDF; and hydrocarbon- or fluoro-elastomer. PVDF-g-PS(styrene-grafted PVDF) ? PVDF and hydrocarbon- or fluoro-elastomer are mixed with specific proportion and being dissolved in an aprotic solvent ? the solution is then cast film on a substrate followed by sulfonation to give the aforementioned compound membrane. The obtained compound membrane has excellent properties, such as thermal stability, acid-alkali resistance, good mechanical performance, excellent flexibility, and capability for processing appropriate cross-link for further enhancing the mechanical performance of this membrane.

Abstract: A fluoropolymer blend with high ionic conductivity that can be applied in electroactive polymer composite includes following components: PVDF-g-SPS (styrene-grafted and sulfonated PVDF); PVDF; and hydrocarbon- or fluoro-elastomer. PVDF-g-PS(styrene-grafted PVDF) ? PVDF and hydrocarbon- or fluoro-elastomer are mixed with specific proportion and being dissolved in an aprotic solvent?the solution is then cast film on a substrate followed by sulfonation to give the aforementioned compound membrane. The obtained compound membrane has excellent properties, such as thermal stability, acid-alkali resistance, good mechanical performance, excellent flexibility, and capability for processing appropriate cross-link for further enhancing the mechanical performance of this membrane.

Abstract: A fluoropolymer composite with high ionic conductivity that may be applied in electroactive polymer composite includes following components: PVDF-g-SPS; PVDF; and hydrocarbon- or fluoro-elastomer. After being mixed with specific proportion and being dissolved in an oily or non-oily solvent of non-proton or proton of high boiling point, the invention is coated on a substrate and is heated to get rid of the solvent afterwards to get a compound membrane. Then, a compound membrane of PVDF-g-SPS may be obtained by sulphonating the aforementioned compound membrane. The obtained compound membrane has excellent properties, such as thermal stability, acid-alkali resistance, good mechanical performance, excellent flexibility, and capability for processing appropriate cross-link for further enhancing the mechanical performance of this membrane.