Abstract: Exemplary methods and systems for incorporating bio-sensors in drones to wirelessly detect biological molecules and hazards without exposing an operator to harmful contaminants or conditions. Bio-sensors can incorporate simultaneous dual-detection methods to ensure accuracy of measurements. Methods of operation include registering blank and safe air profiles for comparison against unknown air profiles to accurately determine the presence of bio-contaminants in unknown air.

Abstract: There are disclosed herein various implementations of a bipolar semiconductor device with multi-trench enhancement regions. Such a bipolar semiconductor device includes a drift region having a first conductivity type situated over an anode layer having an opposite, second conductivity type. The device also includes a first control trench extending through an inversion region having the second conductivity type, and further extending into the drift region, the first control trench being adjacent to cathode diffusions. In addition, the device includes first and second depletion trenches, each having a depletion electrode, the first depletion trench being situated between the second depletion trench and the first control trench. An enhancement region having the first conductivity type is localized in the drift region and extends from the first control trench to the first second depletion trench and further from the first depletion trench to the second depletion trench.

Abstract: The present disclosure provides for devices, systems, and methods which optimize throughput of bonded connections over multiple variable bandwidth logical paths by adjusting a tunnel bandwidth weighting schema during a data transfer session in response to a change in bandwidth capabilities of one or more tunnels. By making such adjustments, embodiments of the present invention are able to optimize the bandwidth potential of multiple connections being used in a session, while minimizing the adverse consequences of reduced bandwidth issues which may occur during the data transfer session.

Abstract: A hand-held biosensor including a housing having a lower handgrip portion and an upper target portion extending substantially perpendicular to the lower handgrip portion. An electromagnetic radiation emitter is received within the lower handgrip portion for emitting a laser beam toward a band pass filter received within the upper target portion. The band pass filter is configured to reflect the laser beam toward a target, and to permit passage therethrough of fluorescence emissions from the target. A photo-detector is received within the upper target portion of the housing and is configured to receive the fluorescence emissions from the target. A signal display is configured to provide an indication of fluorescence spectral data from the photo-detector. An adapter may be releasably coupled to the upper target portion of the housing for receiving atmospheric air.

Abstract: The present invention discloses a method carried out by a first communications device for determining performance of a plurality of connections and selecting at least one first connection from the plurality of connections substantially based on performance. Data packets are then transmitted through the at least one first connection. The plurality of connections are aggregated to form an aggregated connection. The determining of performance is performed by transmitting evaluation packets through the plurality of connections. The evaluation packets are based on data packets that are received by the first communication device but have not yet been transmitted through the aggregated connection. The data packets may be designated for a host or node reachable through the aggregated connection. Alternatively, the evaluation packets may be based on predefined information when there are no data packets to be transmitted through the aggregated connection. The performance may be determined periodically.

Abstract: A semiconductor device includes a drift region of a first conductivity type, an anode region of a second conductivity type situated below the drift region, an inversion region of the second conductivity type situated above the drift region, an enhancement region of the first conductivity type situated between the drift region and the inversion region, first and second control trenches extending through the inversion region and the enhancement region into the drift region, each control trench being bordered by a cathode diffusion region of the first conductivity type, and a superjunction structure situated in the drift region between the first and the second control trenches so that the superjunction structure does not extend under either the first or the second control trench. The superjunction structure is separated from the inversion region by the enhancement region and includes alternating regions of the first and the second conductivity types.

Abstract: The present invention discloses methods and systems for processing data packets received at a first network node and for processing encapsulating packets received at a second network node. The first network node receives data packets from its network interface. It then selects a first tunnel and selects none or at least one second tunnel according to a selection policy. Original encapsulating packets (OEPs) are transmitted to a second network node through the first tunnel and at least one duplicate encapsulating packet (DEP) is transmitted through the at least one second tunnel. The second network node receives an encapsulating packet with a global sequence number (GSN) through an aggregated connection. The second network node determines whether one or more data packets corresponding to the encapsulating packet have been received earlier. The second network node may then determine whether or not to forward the one or more data packets.

Abstract: The present invention discloses methods and systems for managing VPN tunnels. A VPN concentrator establishes a first aggregated VPN connection and a second aggregated VPN connection with a rust host and a first network device respectively. When the first aggregated VPN connection comprises a first plurality of VPN tunnels, the VPN concentrator applies uplink and downlink bandwidth limits to each of the plurality of VPN tunnels. Similarly, when the second aggregated VPN connection comprise a second plurality of VPN tunnels, the VPN concentrator applies uplink and downlink bandwidth limits to each of the plurality of VPN tunnels. The first host encapsulates a first data packet in a first encapsulating packet and transmits the first encapsulating packet to a VPN concentrator using a first aggregated VPN connection.

Abstract: The present invention discloses methods and systems for transmitting broadcast data at a communication gateway. When the communication gateway receives a broadcast packet from a host or node, the communication gateway determines whether the broadcast packet satisfies at least one condition. If the broadcast packet satisfies the at least one condition, it is determined whether or not to modify a time to live (TTL) value. The TTL value of the broadcast packet is modified if it is determined to modify the TTL value. The broadcast packet is then forwarded to the destination address of the broadcast packet based on the TTL value. The destination address is reachable through an interconnected network.

Abstract: Methods and systems for creating protocol header to allow network device to transfer and receive layer two packets through multiple network links. One or more layer three packets are used to encapsulate layer two packets. The protocol header includes a network link identification and a tunnel sequence number. The network link identification is used to identify the network link and the tunnel sequence number is used to identify the sequence of the one or more layer three packets in a network link. A layer two packet may be encrypted first before being embedded in the one or more layer three packets.

Abstract: The present disclosure provides for devices, systems, and methods which optimize throughput of bonded connections over multiple variable bandwidth logical paths by adjusting a tunnel bandwidth weighting schema during a data transfer session in response to a change in bandwidth capabilities of one or more tunnels. By making such adjustments, embodiments of the present invention are able to optimize the bandwidth potential of multiple connections being used in a session, while minimizing the adverse consequences of reduced bandwidth issues which may occur during the data transfer session.

Abstract: Methods and systems for creating protocol header to allow network device to transfer and receive layer two packets through multiple network links. One or more layer three packets are used to encapsulate layer two packets. The protocol header includes a network link identification and a tunnel sequence number. The network link identification is used to identify the network link and the tunnel sequence number is used to identify the sequence of the one or more layer three packets in a network link. A layer two packet may be encrypted first before being embedded in the one or more layer three packets.

Abstract: A hand-held biosensor including a housing having a lower handgrip portion and an upper target portion extending substantially perpendicular to the lower handgrip portion. An electromagnetic radiation emitter is received within the lower handgrip portion for emitting a laser beam toward a band pass filter received within the upper target portion. The band pass filter is configured to reflect the laser beam toward a target, and to permit passage therethrough of fluorescence emissions from the target. A photo-detector is received within the upper target portion of the housing and is configured to receive the fluorescence emissions from the target. A signal display is configured to provide an indication of fluorescence spectral data from the photo-detector. An adapter may be releasably coupled to the upper target portion of the housing for receiving atmospheric air.

Abstract: A hand-held laser based biosensor including modular components, combining absorption spectrophotometry and molecular fluorescence spectrophotometry, and including a sample cell module having an improved absorption path length.

Abstract: A hand-held laser based biosensor including modular components, combining absorption spectrophotometry and molecular fluorescence spectrophotometry, and including a sample cell module having an improved absorption path length.

Abstract: A method and system for a first node to transmit packets to a second none, comprising receiving a packet from a local area network (LAN) interface, inspecting the packet; determining whether the packet satisfies at least one packet condition; transmitting the packet through a predefined tunnel if the packet satisfies the at least one packet condition; transmitting the packet through a second tunnel if the packet does not satisfy the at least one packet condition. The predefined tunnel is a first tunnel and is established before the packet is received by the first node. The second tunnel belongs to a first tunnel group or a second tunnel group. The first tunnel, the second tunnel and other tunnels may together form an aggregated connection. Further, the use of predefined tunnel may be based on whether the packets satisfy a session condition.

Abstract: The present invention discloses methods and systems for transmitting a received packet at a first network node through an aggregated connection. The first network node determines session information of the received packet and determines whether a new tunnel needs to be selected for transmitting the received packet. When a new tunnel needs to be selected, a hash result is determined. The hash result is substantially based on the session information and the number of available tunnels. A first tunnel is determined for transmitting the received packet according to the hash result. The session information and tunnel ID of the first tunnel is then stored in a first database. The received packet is transmitted through the first tunnel. When a new tunnel need not be selected, a lookup is performed to determine a tunnel ID substantially based on the session information. The received packet is transmitted through the determined tunnel.

Abstract: A network system and method regarding data flow transmission, including: a first network connection interface interconnecting with a transmitter; at least two second network connection interfaces interconnecting with a receiver through at least two access networks; and a control unit, used for receiving packets of a data flow from the transmitter by the first network connection interface, selecting an access network from the access networks connecting to the at least two second network connection interfaces to send the packets embedded with the packets of the data flow to the receiver, determining whether to generate at least one nominal reception acknowledgement message corresponding to the packets of the data flow, generating the nominal reception acknowledgement message on behalf receiver if it is determined to generate the nominal reception acknowledgement message, and sending the nominal reception acknowledgement message to the transmitter; and at least one storage medium.

Abstract: Exemplary methods and systems for incorporating bio-sensors in drones to wirelessly detect biological molecules and hazards without exposing an operator to harmful contaminants or conditions. Bio-sensors can incorporate simultaneous dual-detection methods to ensure accuracy of measurements. Methods of operation include registering blank and safe air profiles for comparison against unknown air profiles to accurately determine the presence of bio-contaminants in unknown air.

Abstract: The present invention discloses methods and systems for managing VPN tunnels. A VPN concentrator establishes a first aggregated VPN connection and a second aggregated VPN connection with a first host and a first network device respectively. When the first aggregated VPN connection comprises a first plurality of VPN tunnels, the VPN concentrator applies uplink and downlink bandwidth limits to each of the plurality of VPN tunnels. Similarly, when the second aggregated VPN connection comprise a second plurality of VPN tunnels, the VPN concentrator applies uplink and downlink bandwidth limits to each of the plurality of VPN tunnels. The first host encapsulates a first data packet in a first encapsulating packet and transmits the first encapsulating packet to a VPN concentrator using a first aggregated VPN connection.