Abstract: A method for separating out a defect image from a thermogram sequence based on weighted naive Bayesian classifier and dynamic multi-objective optimization. A method extracts these features and classifies the selected TTRs into K categories based on their feature vectors through a weighted naive Bayesian classifier, which deeply digs the physical meanings contained in each TTR, makes the classification of TTRs more rational, and improves the accuracy of defect image's separation. Meanwhile, the multi-objective function does not only fully consider the similarities between the RTTR and other TTRs in the same category, but also considers the dissimilarities between the RTTR and the TTRs in other categories, thus the RTTR selected is more representative, which guarantees the accuracy of describing the defect outline.

Abstract: The present invention provides a method for separating out a defect image from a thermogram sequence based on feature extraction and multi-objective optimization, we find that different kinds of TTRs have big differences in some physical quantities, such as the energy, temperature change rate during endothermic process, temperature change rate during endothermic process, average temperature, maximum temperature. The present invention extract these features (physical quantities) and cluster the selected TTRs into L clusters based on their feature vectors, which deeply digs the physical meanings contained in each TTR, makes the clustering more rational, and improves the accuracy of defect separation. Meanwhile, the present invention creates a multi-objective function to select a RTTR for each cluster based on multi-objective optimization.

Abstract: Dual-band satellite communication systems and methods are described. A dual-band satellite communication system is described with an array of feeds. The array includes single band feeds and one or more multi-band feeds. The multi-band feeds provide dual-band spot beams. Dual-band spot beams include a first frequency band spot beam and a second frequency band spot beam. A spot beam layout may be provided when a shared reflector for the array of feeds is provided. The first frequency band beamwidth may be smaller than a second frequency band beamwidth and the number of multi-band feeds in the array of feeds may be less than the number of single band feeds.

Abstract: A high throughput satellite and a method of operating a high throughput satellite. The satellite has multiple modes of operation and transitions between them in response to the spectrum fill rate. Modes of operation may include altering color re-use patterns to increase or reduce number of colors, using intra-beam geographic sub-division, or precoding downlink signals.

Abstract: Structures and formation methods of a semiconductor device structure are provided. A semiconductor device structure includes a first dielectric layer and a second dielectric layer over a semiconductor substrate. A cavity penetrates through the first dielectric layer and the second dielectric layer. The semiconductor device structure also includes a first movable membrane between the first dielectric layer and the second dielectric layer. The first movable membrane is partially exposed through the cavity. The first movable membrane includes first corrugated portions arranged along an edge of the cavity.

Abstract: An integrated microphone device is provided. The integrated microphone device includes a substrate, a plate, and a membrane. The substrate includes an aperture allowing acoustic pressure to pass through. The plate is disposed on a side of the substrate. The membrane is disposed between the substrate and the plate and movable relative to the plate as acoustic pressure strikes the membrane. The membrane includes a vent valve having an open area that is variable in response to a change in acoustic pressure.

Abstract: The present invention provides a method for simulating magnetic flux leakage based on loop current, the magnetic distribution of a single loop current is obtained by solid angle, then the magnetic field distribution of a semi-infinite solenoid is obtained based on the assumption of arrangement of loop currents in the magnetized specimen, and its equation is given; and the JA hysteresis model is introduced to obtain the distribution of quasi-static magnetic flux leakage field, on the basis of analyzing the relation between the distribution of a loop current on the surface of the defect and the excitation magnetic field, the distribution of quasi-static magnetic flux leakage field is obtained based on the semi-infinite solenoid.

Abstract: Satellite communication methods and payloads are described. An imbalance in uplink and downlink availability may be mitigated through digitizing uplink spectrum, extracting guard band channels, and grouping the guard band channels to create a composite channel. The composite channel is converted to analog and RF up-converted, amplified, and multiplexed with other downlink analog channels before being transmitted to Earth. The guard bands may be from the same band of spectrum or different bands of spectrum, such as C band, Ka band, Ku band, etc. A satellite payload is described with dual output multiplexers having partially overlapping channels and a dual feed configuration. In one downlink implementation, unused regional band spectrum may be dynamically allocated to a spot beam. In one uplink implementation, regional band spectrum may be shared by a spot beam using spatial separation of the regional uplink location from the spot beam coverage area and digital cancellation techniques.

Abstract: A light sensing device includes a substrate, a semiconductor device layer, a metal and insulation material stacked structure, and a light absorption layer. The substrate has a recessed portion. The semiconductor device layer is located on the substrate. The metal and insulation material stacked structure is located on the semiconductor device layer and includes a first interconnect structure, a second interconnect structure surrounding the first interconnect structure, and a device conductive line. The light absorption layer is located on the metal and insulation material stacked structure. The first interconnect structure is located between the light absorption layer and the semiconductor device layer, such that the light absorption layer and the semiconductor device layer located at different levels can be connected to each other and exchange heat.

Abstract: Dual-band satellite communication systems and methods are described. A dual-band satellite communication system is described with an array of feeds. The array includes single band feeds and one or more multi-band feeds. The multi-band feeds provide dual-band spot beams. Dual-band spot beams include a first frequency band spot beam and a second frequency band spot beam. A spot beam layout may be provided when a shared reflector for the array of feeds is provided. The first frequency band beamwidth may be smaller than a second frequency band beamwidth and the number of multi-band feeds in the array of feeds may be less than the number of single band feeds.

Abstract: A non-contact card reader is provided, including: an antenna module, a spacer, multiple light pipes, and a panel housing. The antenna module includes a first board, a second board, an antenna, and multiple light-emitting components. The second board includes a surrounding area in which the antenna is disposed and a central area that is located at a center of the surrounding area and in which the multiple light-emitting components are disposed. The spacer is combined with the multiple light pipes and disposed between the first board and the second board. A single type of antenna module may be installed in the vertical housing, the horizontal housing, or the square housing of the panel housing in a fixed direction, thereby improving applicability of the antenna module.

Abstract: A micro-electromechanical apparatus includes a rotary element, at least one restraint and at least two folded springs. The rotary element is capable of rotating with respect to an axis. The folded springs are symmetrically disposed about the axis. Each folded spring has a moving end and a fixed end, the moving end is connected to the rotary element, and the fixed end is connected to the at least one restraint. The moving end is not located on the axis, and the fixed end is not located on the axis. A moving distance is defined as a distance between the moving end and the axis, a fixed distance is defined as a distance between the fixed end and the axis. A spring length is defined as a distance between the moving end and the fixed end. The spring length is varied according to the rotation of the rotary element.

Abstract: A light sensing device includes a substrate, a semiconductor device layer, a metal and insulation material stacked structure, and a light absorption layer. The substrate has a recessed portion. The semiconductor device layer is located on the substrate. The metal and insulation material stacked structure is located on the semiconductor device layer and includes a first interconnect structure, a second interconnect structure surrounding the first interconnect structure, and a device conductive line. The light absorption layer is located on the metal and insulation material stacked structure. The first interconnect structure is located between the light absorption layer and the semiconductor device layer, such that the light absorption layer and the semiconductor device layer located at different levels can be connected to each other and exchange heat.

Abstract: Satellite communication methods and payloads are described. An imbalance in uplink and downlink availability may be mitigated through digitizing uplink spectrum, extracting guard band channels, and grouping the guard band channels to create a composite channel. The composite channel is converted to analog and RF up-converted, amplified, and multiplexed with other downlink analog channels before being transmitted to Earth. The guard bands may be from the same band of spectrum or different bands of spectrum, such as C band, Ka band, Ku band, etc. A satellite payload is described with dual output multiplexers having partially overlapping channels and a dual feed configuration. In one downlink implementation, unused regional band spectrum may be dynamically allocated to a spot beam. In one uplink implementation, regional band spectrum may be shared by a spot beam using spatial separation of the regional uplink location from the spot beam coverage area and digital cancellation techniques.

Abstract: An adjustable fence comprises two opposite posts, a slat assembly, and two buffering elements. The slat assembly has multiple detachable slats detachably mounted between the posts. The buffering elements are respectively mounted in the mounting slots of the posts, and each of the buffering elements is disposed between the post body of each of the posts and the slat assembly. Increasing or decreasing the detachable slats of the slat assembly adjusts the height of the adjustable fence for different applications. The pushing force resulting from the thermal expansion or/and contraction of the slat assembly or/and the post body is absorbed by the buffering element, so that the bottom bracket of the slat assembly and the post body do not push each other to be deformed.

Abstract: Satellite communication methods and payloads are described. An imbalance in uplink and downlink availability may be mitigated through digitizing uplink spectrum, extracting guard band channels, and grouping the guard band channels to create a composite channel. The composite channel is converted to analog and RF up-converted, amplified, and multiplexed with other downlink analog channels before being transmitted to Earth. The guard bands may be from the same band of spectrum or different bands of spectrum, such as C band, Ka band, Ku band, etc. A satellite payload is described with dual output multiplexers having partially overlapping channels and a dual feed configuration. In one downlink implementation, unused regional band spectrum may be dynamically allocated to a spot beam. In one uplink implementation, regional band spectrum may be shared by a spot beam using spatial separation of the regional uplink location from the spot beam coverage area and digital cancellation techniques.