Abstract: An apparatus for measuring angle-dependent diffraction effects includes a coherent radiation source, a device for deflecting the coherent radiation in different directions, a spherical or aspherical mirror or mirror segments configured to correspond to a spherical or aspherical mirror, and a detector unit for measuring the intensity of the radiation diffracted at a specimen. The radiation deflected in different directions is reflected by the mirror configuration in such a way that the coherent beam is deflected onto the specimen with different angles of incidence in a temporally successively sequential manner. For this purpose, the angle of incidence of the measuring beam is altered continuously or in small steps. The intensities of the direct reflection (zero-order diffraction) and also of the higher orders of diffraction that may occur are measured. This evaluation allows conclusions to be drawn regarding the form and material of the periodic structures examined.

Abstract: The apparatus allows monitoring layer depositions in a process chamber. The apparatus has a light source, a sensor element, and at least one light detector. The sensor element is suitably configured in order to influence the intensity of the light beam measured by the detector by the thickness of the layer growing on the sensor element. The novel monitoring method for measuring the transmitted light intensity utilizes the apparatus. The sensor element has a continuous opening through which the intensity of the light is observed as a function of the opening grown over by the thickness of the growing layer.

Abstract: A method for monitoring fabrication processes of finely structured surfaces in a semiconductor fabrication includes the steps of providing reference signatures of finely structured surfaces, measuring at least one signature of a test specimen surface, comparing the measured signature with the reference signatures, and classifying the test specimen surface by using the comparison results, wherein the measurement of the reference signatures is carried out by measuring the local distribution and/or intensity distribution of diffraction images on production prototypes having a specified quality. The classification is preferably carried out here with a neural network having a learning capability and/or a fuzzy logic. Furthermore, a device for carrying out the method is provided.

Abstract: The invention is directed to an electric circuit arrangement (1) for checking a series circuit including a switch (2) and a load (3). The circuit arrangement (1) includes a first circuit (11) which is connected to the connecting circuit node (6) between the switch (2) and the load (3) and is suitable for detecting a first state. The first state defines a short circuit of the connecting circuit node (6) to the supply voltage (5). Furthermore, a second circuit (12) is connected in parallel with the first circuit (11) and is connected to the connecting circuit node (6). The second circuit (12) is suitable for detecting a second or a third state. The second state defines a short circuit of the connecting circuit node (6) to ground (4) and the third state defines an interruption of the connecting circuit node (6) to the supply voltage (5).

Abstract: A bit configuration stored in a matrix of a grid module is read out to a reproduction device. Wiring outlay is drastically reduced by combining a plurality of memory cells in a matrix cells with only one output and an internal data selection.

Abstract: An ellipsometer, used in particular for measuring the thickness of oxide films on silicon wafers inside an oven, comprising an analyzer unit (3), a beam deflection device, a paddle and a ploarizer unit (2). In order to increase the measurement precision, the ellipsometer is designed so that the beam deflection device comprises two prisms (6, 9), the prisms (6,9), the analyzer unit (3) and the polarizer unit (2) are mounted on the paddle (11), and two tubes (4, 10) are provided for guiding the beam from the polarizer unit (2) to the first prism (6) and from the second prism (9) to the analyzer unit (3) .

Abstract: The invention relates to novel 2,5-diaminotetralines of the formula: ##STR1## wherein R1, R2, R3 and R4 are defined herein, processes for preparing them and their use in pharmaceutical compositions. The novel 2,5-diaminotetralines are useful in treating diseases caused by disorders of the dopaminergic systems.

Abstract: A current regulating circuit for an inductive load (12) is proposed, in particular for an electrohydraulic pressure regulator for an automatic transmission of a motor vehicle. A push-pull end stage (16) controls the flow of current through the load (12). Connected in series with the load (12) is a measuring resistor (11), the voltage drop of which, as an actual current value, is applied along with a command current value to a comparison stage (23, 34), by the clocked output signal of which the end stage (16) can be controlled. The measuring resistor (11) is disposed between the load (12) and a first switch transistor (10) of the end stage (16). The potential at one of the pickups (19, 20) of the measuring resistor (11) is provided as a variable reference potential for an auxiliary voltage source (31) supplying the comparison stage (23, 34), which source has switch means (40) for generating an auxiliary voltage (Uh) that is constant relative to the variable reference potential.

Abstract: A process manufacturing positive and negative fiber structure electrodes for open as well as gastight electrochemical current sources, particularly nickel-cadmium accumulators. After the filling of the calibrated plate with an active mass and the subsequent drying of the plate filled with a moist a mass, the plate is calibrated again by means of calibrating presses or calibrating rollers. The calibrating plates or rollers are cleaned to remove adhering or deposited active mass or other dirt by means of ductors or rotating brush rollers while being at the same time subjected to suction. Thus electrodes are created which have plane surfaces for cells for the highest standards with respect to the individual active components and the mounted stack in the given dimensions.

Abstract: Compounds of the formula ##STR1## wherein R.sub.1 is hydrogen or alkyl of 1 to 4 carbon atoms; R.sub.2 is 2-, 3- or 4-pyridyl, phenyl or mono- or di-substituted phenyl, where the substituents are each individually alkoxy of 1 to 2 carbon atoms, fluorine, chlorine, bromine, trifluoromethyl, alkyl or 1 to 4 carbon atoms, hydroxyl or nitro; andR.sub.3 and R.sub.4 are each independently hydrogen or alkyl of 1 to 4 carbon atoms; orR.sub.3 and R.sub.4, together with each other and the nitrogen atom to which they are attached, form an unsubstituted or methyl-substituted, saturated 5- or 6-membered heterocycle which may contain an additional oxygen or nitrogen heteroatom, or form an imidazole ring;where the aminomethyl substituent is attached to the 4- or 5-position or the pyrrolidine ring, and non-toxic, pharmacologically acceptable acid addition salts thereof. The compounds as well as the salts are useful as nootropics and antihypoxics.

Abstract: An aqueous nickel hydroxide paste for the mechanical impregnation of fibrous-structure electrode frameworks. The polydisperse solid total system of solid particles in the nickel hydroxide or hydrated nickel oxide paste has a particular particle-size distribution (distribution ogive) which may vary within narrow limits and is preferably evaluated in a RRSB particle-size grid according to P. Rosin, E. Rammler, K. Sperling and I. G. Bennett. The resulting paste can be filled into differing frameworks in one operation, as a moist active mass (paste), to a degree of filling of 94% to 100%, without constituents of the paste (particularly at the lower edge during handling in the vertical position) draining off or escaping again. Preferably, the choice of the particle-size distribution of the nickel hydroxide powder used is so fine that the technical comminution work in the production of the paste is very small and that the production times for the paste can consequently be substantially reduced.

Abstract: Compounds of the formula ##STR1## wherein R.sub.1 is hydrogen or alkyl of 1 to 4 carbon atoms; R.sub.2 is 2-, 3- or 4-pyridyl, phenyl or mono- or di-substituted phenyl, where the substituents are each individually alkoxy of 1 to 2 carbon atoms, fluorine, chlorine, bromine, trifluoromethyl, alkyl or 1 to 4 carbon atoms, hydroxyl or nitro; andR.sub.3 and R.sub.4 are each independently hydrogen or alkyl of 1 to 4 carbon atoms; orR.sub.3 and R.sub.4, together with each other and the nitrogen atom to which they are attached, form an unsubstituted or methyl-substituted, saturated 5- or 6-membered heterocycle which may contain an additional oxygen or nitrogen heteroatom, or form an imidazole ring;where the aminomethyl substituent is attached to the 4- or 5-position or the pyrrolidine ring, and non-toxic, pharmacologically acceptable acid addition salts thereof. The compounds as well as the salts are useful as nootropics and antihypoxics.

Abstract: Novel compounds having the general formula ##STR1## wherein R.sup.1, R.sup.2, R.sup.3 and R.sup.4 are as defined herein. These compounds are useful in the treatment of schizophrenia.

Abstract: An electroplating rack for the electrochemical surface treatment of metallic substrates or metallized plastic substrates is described. The metallic rack is, moreover, covered with an insulating layer of enamel, contact points being left bare at which the substrate to be treated is connected in an electrically conducting manner to the rack during the electroplating process.

Abstract: Compounds of the formula ##STR1## wherein R.sub.1 is hydrogen or alkyl of 1 to 4 carbon atoms;R.sub.2 is 2-, 3- or 4-pyridyl, phenyl or mono- or di- substituted phenyl, where the substituents are each individually alkoxy of 1 to 2 carbon atoms, fluorine, chlorine, bromine, trifluoromethyl, alkyl or 1 to 4 carbon atoms, hydroxyl or nitro; andR.sub.3 and R.sub.4 are each independently hydrogen or alkyl of 1 to 4 carbon atoms; orR.sub.3 and R.sub.4, together with each other and the nitrogen atom to which they are attached, form an unsubstituted or methyl-substituted, saturated 5- or 6-membered heterocycle which may contain an additional oxygen or nitrogen heteroatom, or form an imidazole ring;where the aminomethyl substituent is attached to the 4- or 5-position or the pyrrolidine ring, and non-toxic, pharmacologically acceptable acid addition salts thereof. The compounds as well as the salts are useful as nootropics and antihypoxics.

Abstract: Tetrahydrobenzothiazole derivatives of the formula ##STR1## wherein n is 1, 2 or 3 and R.sub.1, R.sub.2, R.sub.3, R.sub.4, R.sub.5 and R.sub.6 are defined substituents, said derivatives (I) being suitable as active compounds for treating parkinsonism or Parkinson's Disease.

Abstract: The invention relates to the use of 1-benzyl-aminoalkyl-pyrrolidinones as antidepressants.

Abstract: The invention relates to the use of 1-benzyl-aminoalkyl-pyrrolidinones as antidepressants.

Abstract: The invention relates to new substituted pyrrolidinones of general formula ##STR1## wherein R.sub.1 represents a phenyl group which may be mono- or di-substituted by methyl, methoxy, fluorine, chlorine, bromine or trifluoromethyl, or a pyridyl group;R.sub.2 represents hydrogen or a straight-chained or branched alkyl group with 1-4 carbon atoms;R.sub.3 represents a straight-chained or branched alkyl group with 1-3 carbon atoms, a hydroxyalkyl group with 2-3 carbon atoms, a phenyl group which can be mono- or di-substituted by chlorine, bromine, methyl or methoxy, a cyclohexyl group or a dialkylamino alkyl group, where in each alkyl group can contain from 1-3 carbon atoms;R.sub.4 represents hydrogen or a straight-chained or branched alkyl group with 1-3 carbon atoms; orR.sub.3 and R.sub.

Abstract: This invention relates to new tetrahydrobenzthiazoles of general formula ##STR1## wherein R.sub.1 represents a hydrogen atom, an alkyl group, an alkenyl or alkynyl group, an alkanoyl group, a phenyl alkyl or phenyl alkanoyl group, while the above mentioned phenyl nucleic may each be substituted by 1 or 2 halogen atoms,R.sub.2 represents a hydrogen atom or an alkyl group,R.sub.3 represents a hydrogen atom, an alkyl group a cycloalkyl group, an alkenyl or alkynyl group, an alkanoyl group, a phenyl alkyl or phenyl alkanoyl group, while the phenyl nucleus may be substituted by fluorine, chlorine or bromine atoms,R.sub.4 represents a hydrogen atom, an alkyl group, an alkyl or alkenyl group, orR.sub.3 and R.sub.4 together with the nitrogen atom between them represent a pyrrolidino, piperidino, hexamethyleneimino or morpholino group, the enantiomers and the acid addition salts thereof.The compounds of general formula I above in which one of the groups R.sub.1 or R.sub.3 or both groups R.sub.1 and R.sub.