Abstract: Lead impurities are removed from liquid hydrocarbons by contacting them with a solid sorbent having anhydrous HCl adsorbed therein.

Abstract: A method for utilizing shot coke which is in the form of hard-to-grind 4 mm spherical particles comprises fluidizing the shot coke particles in a first pressurized reactor vessel and introducing sufficient oxygen and steam to produce a synthetic gas containing carbon monoxide and hydrogen, fluidizing a bed of shot coke particles contained in a second pressurized reactor vessel with the synthetic gas and introducing sufficient oxygen to combust the synthetic fuel and produce water and sufficient heat such that water can react with the shot coke particles to regenerate carbon monoxide and hydrogen. The synthetic gas formed in the second reactor vessel can be recovered at sufficient pressures to drive a power turbine or used to obtain hydrocarbon fuels. A heat recovery system in the second reactor vessel produces steam by indirect heat exchange of the shot coke bed with water. The steam that is generated can be used to supply both the first and second reactor vessels with reactive steam.

Abstract: Spent shale is treated with a mixture of methanol and water at moderate temperatures whereupon the treating mixture is removed and the treated spent shale is retorted. This results in 20% additional oil yield.

Abstract: The liquid yield of a delayed coking process is improved by controlling the temperature of the vapor space above the carbonizing mass so that that incipient coking and cracking of the vapors is reduced. The temperature is preferably controlled by introducing a quenching liquid into the vapor space; suitable liquids for this purpose include water, coker feedstock and the bottoms fraction derived from the coker products.

Abstract: In-situ combustion of heavy subterranean oil formations, e.g., tar sands, is improved by introducing into the oil formation a stream of a combustible gas. The stream of gas may contain a small proportion of hydrocarbons condensable at temperature and pressure conditions of the formation. The improvement is applicable to both forward and reverse in-situ combustion processes.

Abstract: An integrated method for refining a hydrocarbon distillate fraction such as kerosene which has sulfur-containing compounds by washing the fraction with an alkaline solution and then sweetening the resulting distillate by treating it with a phthalocyanine catalyst in the presence of a second alkaline solution and oxygen while simultaneously disposing of the spent caustic from the washing by incinerating same in the presence of a sulfur-containing fuel and oxygen to yield harmless sulfates.

Abstract: Coal and metals-containing residual oil are coprocessed under conditions whereby the coal is volatilized and solubilized, the residual oil is demetallized and substantially no coking of the residual oil occurs. The products obtained include metals-free distillates and metals-containing solid fuel.

Abstract: A process for producing liquid fuels and for recovering metal values from crude petroleum by vis-breaking the reduced crude petroleum and dealkylating the vis-broken, reduced crude by treatment with an aromatic compound and an acidic transalkylation catalyst. The liquid product from the dealkylation step is separated and the residue fraction thermally processed with coal to solubilize the coal in the aromatic residue and demetallate the residue with the coal. The coal is partly liquified in this step and the liquefaction products, together with liquids derived from the petroleum, may be hydrotreated prior to further processing e.g., in an FCC unit. The solid residue from this step may be treated to recover the metal values, especially nickel and vanadium.

Abstract: An improved solvent extraction process is described for the preparation of lube oil products, the improvement whereby the solvent contains an additive which facilitates phase separation and increases the yield of raffinate.

Abstract: Visbreaking a mixture of petroleum residuum, coal and catalytic cracking catalyst under conditions severe enough to effect conversion but not so severe as to produce substantial quantities of coke produces a range of products including gaseous olefins and gasoline distillate. The solids recovered from the visbreaking operation can be processed to produce a synthesis gas of carbon monoxide and hydrogen.

Abstract: This invention provides a process for repairing and surfacing broken asphalt pavements which involves applying to the distressed pavement a binder composition which has exceptional solvating power for asphaltic material, and which functions to solubilize and incorporate aged pavement asphalt into the binder composition as it penetrates and fills void spaces.Illustrative of a preferred binder composition which is applied to the distressed pavement is a homogeneous blend of (1) a FCC main column bottoms residuum boiling above about 650.degree. F., and (2) an asphalt-soluble elastomer which improves the elasticity and wear resistance of the binder composition.

Abstract: An asphalt containing petroleum oil is deasphalted and extracted by contacting the oil with a solvent maintained at its critical temperature and pressure. With the solvent at its critical temperature and pressure, extraction of the valuable hydrocarbon oils present in the asphaltic feedstock is effected by way of vapor-liquid phase separation which serves to decompose the metal complexes present in the feedstock, thus reducing the metal content of the extracted hydrocarbon oil. Examples of solvents employed in the process of the invention include C.sub.4 -C.sub.10 cuts of typical refinery streams, benzene, toluene, ethylene glycols and the like. In one process embodiment, promoters or catalyst are employed to further reduce the metal content of the extracted hydrocarbon oil.

Abstract: The present invention is a method for disposal of noxious waste products generated in petroleum refining including spent caustic solution and concentrated sulfur effluent from treating of petroleum fractions to remove sulfur therefrom. Essentially the spent caustic solution and the concentrated sulfur effluent is incinerated in the presence of air in order to form the oxides of sulfur which react with the incinerated caustic to form alkali metal sulfides.

Abstract: The present invention is a method for treating alkaline effluents resulting from petroleum processing by incinerating the effluents in the presence of oxygen and a sufficient amount of hydrogen sulfide fuel to convert the alkaline material to the corresponding sulfate.

Abstract: New compounds 1-alkyl, 4-aza, 1-azonia-bicyclo (2,2,2)octane, 4-oxide, halides useful as templates for the formation of crystalline zeolites and process for preparing said new compounds from diazobicyclooctane.

Abstract: A method of preparing zeolite ZSM-5 type crystals and mixtures thereof which comprises crystallizing the substantially pure zeolite material from a silica and, optionally, alumina gel mixture in the presence of an alkylammonium-N-oxide cation, and the products produced thereby.

Abstract: This invention provides a process for repairing and surfacing broken asphalt pavements which involves applying to the distressed pavement a binder composition which has exceptional solvating power for asphaltic material, and which functions to solubilize and incorporate aged pavement asphalt into the binder composition as it penetrates and fills void spaces.Illustrative of a preferred binder composition which is applied to the distressed pavement is a homogeneous blend of (1) a FCC main column bottoms residuum boiling above about 650.degree. F., and (2) an asphalt-soluble elastomer which improves the elasticity and wear resistance of the binder composition.

Abstract: An improved solvent extraction process is described for the preparation of lube oil products, the improvement whereby the solvent contains an additive which facilitates phase separation and increases the yield of raffinate.

Abstract: Dialkyl disulfide waste, such as that formed in a caustic wash process for removing mercaptans from a hydrocarbon stream, is converted to hydrogen sulfide and valuable hydrocarbons by catalytic contact with a highly siliceous zeolite catalyst exemplified by ZSM-5. The hydrogen sulfide in turn is readily converted to marketable sulfur, thus alleviating the waste disposal problem.

Abstract: Provided herein is a novel method for generating TBP-distillation curves for crude petroleum oils, which curves are free of the large discontinuity in the raw data that is commonly observed when vacuum distillation is begun. The temperature-incremental volume data is accumulated up to a temperature equivalent to about 650.degree. F. at 760 mm. to provide a data bank. The data bank is then used to compute expected yield-temperature values up to a temperature equivalent of 850.degree. F. at 760 mm. The atmospheric residuum is then vacuum distilled and actual yield-temperature datum is compared with expected valves to obtain a deviation. The vacuum is then adjusted to reduce the deviation. Provided also is an automated apparatus for generating such curves.