Abstract: A semiconductor device includes a substrate, a stacked structure of insulating layers and gate electrodes alternately and repeatedly stacked on the substrate, and a pillar passing through the stacked-layer structure. The insulating layers include lower insulating layers, intermediate insulating layers disposed on the lower insulating layers, and upper insulating layers disposed on the intermediate insulating layers. The lower insulating layers have a hardness less than that of the intermediate insulating layers, and the upper insulating layers have a hardness greater than that of the intermediate insulating layers.

Abstract: The present disclosure provides a bicycle frame including: a main frame; a support bracket formed separately from the main frame and bonded to a lower end portion of the main frame, and a motor mounting having a motor mounting portion configured to mount a motor therein, wherein the motor mounting bracket is formed separately from the support bracket, and is bonded to the support bracket.

Abstract: A semiconductor device includes a substrate, a stacked structure on the substrate, and a vertical structure in a hole passing through the stacked structure. The stacked structure includes units stacked on top of each other in a direction perpendicular to a top surface of the substrate. The units include first units and second units between the first units. Each of the first units includes a first interlayer insulating layer on a first gate, and each of the second units includes a second interlayer insulating layer on a second gate. A ratio of a thickness of the second interlayer insulating layer with respect to a thickness of the second gate is different from a ratio of a thickness of the first interlayer insulating layer with respect to a thickness of the first gate.

Abstract: A soluble catalyst for a lithium-air battery is provided. The soluble catalyst including a redox mediator (RM) has an ionization energy of about 5.5 to 7.5 eV under vacuum or an oxidation potential of 3.0 to 4.0 V and is well dissolved in an electrolyte without reacting with the electrolyte. In addition, the soluble catalyst has a HOMO level in an original state (RM), which is less than a formation energy of lithium peroxide (Li2O2) but maximally close to the formation energy, and has a HOMO level in an oxidized state (RM+), which is greater than a HOMO level of the electrolyte.

Abstract: A hub unit has a brake disc and a hub body disposed to rotate with a rim on which a tire is mounted. An internal space is formed in the hub body, wherein the brake disc is fixed in the internal space. A fixed shaft is disposed and fixed along a rotation center shaft of the hub body. A brake shoe is coupled to the fixed shaft. A brake pad is disposed to contact the brake disc. A braking force applier supplies a braking force to the hub body wherein the brake pad and the brake disc are in contact with each other.

Abstract: A bicycle wheel includes a first panel member including a first rim portion for mounting a tire, a first hub mounting end connected to a hub, a first spoke portion for connecting the first rim portion and the first hub mounting end, a second panel member having a second rim portion for mounting the tire, a second hub mounting end connected to the hub, and a second spoke portion for connecting the second rim portion and the second hub mounting end, wherein the bicycle wheel is formed by joining the first panel member and the second panel member together such that the first panel member and the second panel member are symmetrical to each other about a line passing through the hub and the rim.

Abstract: A one-side spot welding device includes a base which is formed in a cylindrical shape, a welding head and a welding tip. The base has a push rod operable in an upward and a downward direction with respect to the base and has a slide groove in an upper inner circumferential surface thereof. The welding head is installed at an upper side of the base so as to be slidable in a radial direction and equally divided in a circumferential direction so as to include a plurality of unit welding heads in close contact with one another. The unit welding heads are capable of being spaced apart from one another in the radial direction by the push rod. The welding tip is formed in a cylindrical shape so as to be configured at an outer circumference of the base, operates in an upward and a downward direction and is capable of applying welding electric current to the welding head.

Abstract: A wheel mounting member having a damping structure may include a dropout in which an axle insertion groove is formed at one side of a lower portion thereof, wherein a guide slot may be formed in a predetermined direction at a predetermined distance from the axle insertion groove; a bracket in which a protrusion inserted into the guide slot is formed at a lateral surface thereof; and an elastic member that is inserted into the guide slot and elastically supports the protrusion, wherein the elastic member may absorb impact transmitted to the dropout.

Abstract: An electrophotographic image forming apparatus includes a driving device including a first gear and a second gear, a power transmitter configured to transfer a rotational force applied in one direction from the motor to the first and second gears; a cam configured to set the power transmitter to one of a release mode in which the motor is disconnected from the first and second gears, a first connection mode in which one of the first and second gears is connected to the motor, and a second connection mode in which the other of the first and second gears is connected to the motor; and a clutch configured to selectively transfer the rotational force applied in the one direction from the motor to the cam.

Abstract: A bicycle frame structure that is manufactured by forming left and right panels and then bonding them in a pipe in/are configured to include a first fixing member fixed to the rear end portion of a chain stay and a hanger coupled to the first fixing member, being configured for rotating around a hinge pin, and having an axle slit formed in a predetermined direction.

Abstract: A semiconductor device includes a substrate, a stacked structure on the substrate, and a vertical structure in a hole passing through the stacked structure. The stacked structure includes units stacked on top of each other in a direction perpendicular to a top surface of the substrate. The units include first units and second units between the first units. Each of the first units includes a first interlayer insulating layer on a first gate, and each of the second units includes a second interlayer insulating layer on a second gate. A ratio of a thickness of the second interlayer insulating layer with respect to a thickness of the second gate is different from a ratio of a thickness of the first interlayer insulating layer with respect to a thickness of the first gate.

Abstract: The present disclosure provides a bicycle frame formed in a tube structure by bonding a left panel and a right panel together along a length direction, where the left panel and the right panel are molded into a predetermined shape, including: a battery housing unit and a reinforcement panel having a housing unit, wherein a battery is inserted into the housing unit, and wherein edges of the reinforcement panel are bonded to the left panel and the right panel.

Abstract: A bicycle frame structure has a drop-out and includes: a fixing bracket having a rail groove formed in a frontward and rearward direction and fixed to one side of the frame; a movement member mounted to the fixing bracket to be movable forward and backward along the rail groove; a drop plate fixed to the movement member and having a drop-out formed therein for fixing a wheel; and an adjustment bolt screw-engaged by penetrating one side of the movement member. A front end of the adjustment bolt is supported by a fixing support formed in the fixing bracket. The movement member is moved along the rail groove according to rotation of the adjustment bolt.

Abstract: A bicycle frame structure having a rear frame and a front frame includes a rear frame of which a left stay and a right stay are bonded to each other, and an insert portion is formed at a bonded end portion, and a front frame where a head tube is formed at a front end portion thereof, an insertion hole into which the insert portion is inserted is formed at a rear end portion thereof, and the front frame is bonded to the rear frame along the circumference of the insertion hole.

Abstract: Disclosed herein is a method of treating a composite piston pin, including: preparing the piston pin of which at least surface layer includes a composite material including a reinforcing fiber and a resin; improving roughness by processing the surface layer of the piston pin; and forming a coating layer on the surface layer processed to reduce a friction coefficient of the piston pin.

Abstract: A semiconductor device may include an active fin, an element isolation film on a lower portion of the active fin and a gate structure crossing over the active fin. The gate structure may include first and second sides. The device may also include a source region and a drift region adjacent the first and second sides of the gate structure, respectively. The drift region may have a first impurity concentration. The device may further include a drain region that is in the drift region and may have a second impurity concentration higher than the first impurity concentration, a first trench that is in the drift region and may have a depth less than a height of the active fin, and an upper embedded insulating layer in the first trench. The gate structure may overlap a portion of the drift region and a portion of the first trench.

Abstract: An electrophotographic image forming apparatus includes a driving device including a first gear and a second gear, a power transmitter configured to transfer a rotational force applied in one direction from the motor to the first and second gears; a cam configured to set the power transmitter to one of a release mode in which the motor is disconnected from the first and second gears, a first connection mode in which one of the first and second gears is connected to the motor, and a second connection mode in which the other of the first and second gears is connected to the motor; and a clutch configured to selectively transfer the rotational force applied in the one direction from the motor to the cam.

Abstract: Provided is a matrix switching type touch panel including a plurality of touch pads disposed in a visible area on a substrate in a dot matrix format, the touch pads spaced from one another, and a plurality of signal lines disposed in a space between the touch pads, each connecting a touch pad and a touch driving circuit of an invisible area. The panel comprises: unit electrodes made of a transparent electroconductive material and disposed within the visible area; touch pad areas each determined in an area corresponding to each touch pad; signal line areas each determined in an area corresponding to each signal line; and bridges electrically connecting the plurality of unit electrodes disposed in each touch pad area and each signal line area. The unit electrodes are arranged in a zigzag format with respect to a first axis parallel to the signal lines.

Abstract: Disclosed is a touch screen liquid crystal display device (LCD) that includes a first substrate that includes a plurality of pixels defined by crossings of gate lines and data lines, each pixel including a thin film transistor; a second substrate that includes a color filter and a black matrix; a liquid crystal layer between the first substrate and the second substrate; a plurality of gap column spacers on the second substrate and contacting the first substrate; a press column spacer on the second substrate and spaced apart from the first substrate; and a third substrate attached to the second substrate, wherein the plurality of gap column spacers have a density of 0.05% to 0.11% with respect to a display region of the first substrate.

Abstract: A hybrid piston pin and a manufacturing method thereof are provided. The hybrid piston pin includes a cylindrical pin formed of steel, a first reinforcement layer that is formed of a composite that includes reinforced fibers and a resin, having a cylindrical shape with a uniform thickness, and coupled to the interior surface of the cylindrical pin. A second reinforcement layer is formed of a composite that includes reinforced fibers having an elasticity that is less than the reinforced fibers of the first reinforcement layer. Further, a resin having a cylindrical shape with a uniform thickness is coupled to the interior surface of the first reinforcement layer.