Abstract: A process cartridge configured to be detachably attachable to a main body of an electrophotographic image forming apparatus, in which an occurrence of an image failure is suppressed, wherein the process cartridge includes an electrophotographic photosensitive member and a cleaning member arranged in contact with the electrophotographic photosensitive member, wherein an elastic deformation modulus of a surface layer of the electrophotographic photosensitive member is 35% or larger, and the cleaning member is formed of a urethane foam, wherein a density of the urethane foam is 200 to 500 kg/cm3, and a 25% compressive load of the urethane foam is 0.3 MPa or smaller.

Abstract: An electronic device includes pairs of guide rails and elastic members. The pairs of guide rails are provided in a slot correspondingly to both ends of the circuit board in a direction intersecting the insertion direction, the guide rails of each pair extending along the insertion direction respectively on sides of both surfaces of the circuit board inserted in the slot, the pair of guide rails being configured to guide insertion of the circuit board into the slot. When the circuit board is inserted in the slot, each elastic member presses the circuit board against one or the other of the guide rails of the pair.

Abstract: The control part ECU of the interior environment adjusting device 1 for adjusting the environment inside the compartment C of the vehicle V1 executes adjustment to make inside air pressure that is air pressure inside the compartment C into positive pressure to outside air pressure that is air pressure around the vehicle V1 using oxygen-enriched air generated by the oxygen enrichment mechanism 21, and adjustment to make an oxygen concentration inside the compartment C to be a higher concentration than in the outside air.

Abstract: An electrophotographic photosensitive member with suppressed potential variation even in the case that a protective layer including a cured material of a composition having a polymerizable functional group is used is provided. An electrophotographic photosensitive member including a support, a charge generation layer, a charge transport layer containing a charge transporting material, and a protective layer, in the order presented, wherein the charge transport layer contains a polycarbonate resin having a structure selected from a group A and a structure selected from a group B, and the protective layer includes a cured material of a composition containing a compound having at least a functional group selected from chain-polymerizable functional groups and sequential polymerizable functional groups.

Abstract: In an electronic device, pairs of fixing jigs are provided on an extraction side of pairs of guide rails and extend in an extraction direction respectively along both ends of a circuit board. The fixing jigs of each pair are disposed on the sides of both surfaces of the circuit board such that their distal ends are spaced at a second interval longer than a first interval. Pairs of jig guiding portions are provided on a faceplate and extend in an insertion direction respectively along both ends of the circuit board. The jig guiding portions of each pair are disposed on the sides of both surfaces of the circuit board such that their distal ends are spaced at a third interval longer than the sum of the second interval and the thicknesses of the distal ends of the pair of fixing jigs.

Abstract: In an electronic device, pairs of fixing jigs extend in a direction in which a circuit board is inserted, and the fixing jigs of each pair are disposed on the sides of both surfaces of the circuit board at a second interval longer than a first interval between a pair of guide rails provided in a slot. Pairs of jig guiding portions extend in a direction in which the circuit board is extracted, and the jig guiding portions of each pair are disposed on the sides of both surfaces of the circuit board such that the distal ends of the pair of jig guiding portions are disposed at a third interval longer than a sum of the second interval and the thicknesses of the distal ends of the pair of fixing jigs.

Abstract: Provided are a process cartridge and an electrophotographic apparatus each suppressed in fluctuation in charging potential at the time of its long-term use. The process cartridge includes: an electrophotographic photosensitive member having a surface layer containing a resin and a charge-transporting substance; and a charging member configured to charge the electrophotographic photosensitive member, wherein an average of Martens hardnesses of the surface layer of the electrophotographic photosensitive member measured at a pushing force of 7 mN is 245 N/mm2 or more, and wherein in a core defined by three-dimensional surface texture standards (ISO 25178-2:2012) of the surface of the charging member, an average of Martens hardnesses measured at a pushing force of 0.04 mN is 2 N/mm2 or more and 20 N/mm2 or less, and an average of adhesivenesses measured with a scanning probe microscope in a field of view of 2-micrometer square is 70 mV or less.

Abstract: Provided is a process cartridge having a charging member and an electrophotographic photosensitive member to be charged by being in contact with the charging member, wherein the electrophotographic photosensitive member has a support and a photosensitive layer in this order, and a surface layer of the electrophotographic photosensitive member has a Martens hardness of 230 N/mm2 or less.

Abstract: A process cartridge configured to be detachably attachable to a main body of an electrophotographic image forming apparatus, in which an occurrence of an image failure is suppressed, wherein the process cartridge includes an electrophotographic photosensitive member and a cleaning member arranged in contact with the electrophotographic photosensitive member, wherein an elastic deformation modulus of a surface layer of the electrophotographic photosensitive member is 35% or larger, and the cleaning member is formed of a urethane foam, wherein a density of the urethane foam is 200 to 500 kg/cm3, and a 25% compressive load of the urethane foam is 0.3 MPa or smaller.

Abstract: A crankshaft that can be strengthened in a short time without being subjected to wasteful processing, and that can be strengthened over a wide range. The crankshaft includes a crank pin and a fillet portion of a journal pin. Compressive residual stress is applied to a region on the fillet portion, which extends at almost equal distances to both sides in a circumferential direction from a portion in which the greatest bending load is applied, and a processing depth for applying the compressive residual stress is gradually decreased in a circumferential direction from the center position in which the compressive residual stress is greatest.

Abstract: An electrophotographic photosensitive member includes a support, a charge generating layer containing a charge generation material, and a charge transporting layer containing a charge transport material in this order, the charge transporting layer serving as a surface layer. The charge transporting layer contains a polycarbonate resin having a particular structural unit.

Abstract: An electrophotographic photosensitive member includes a support, a charge generating layer containing a charge generation material, and a charge transporting layer containing a charge transport material in this order, the charge transporting layer serving as a surface layer. The charge transporting layer contains a polycarbonate resin having a particular structural unit.

Abstract: A joining device for connecting a metal member and a resign member with a metal fastener including a penetrating tip comprises: a cylindrical nosepiece; a high frequency electromagnetic induction coil around the nosepiece; an electrode punch for pressing the fastener into the resign member; a electronic chopper for producing a high frequency current; a high frequency power supply for supplying an induction current to the induction coil; a welding power supply for supplying a welding current between the electrode punch and the metal member; a contact detector for sensing when the fastener tip touches the metal member; and a switching unit for automatically switching from the induction current to the welding current when the contact detector senses that the tip has contacted the metal member.

Abstract: An electrophotographic photosensitive member with suppressed potential variation even in the case that a protective layer including a cured material of a composition having a polymerizable functional group is used is provided. An electrophotographic photosensitive member including a support, a charge generation layer, a charge transport layer containing a charge transporting material, and a protective layer, in the order presented, wherein the charge transport layer contains a polycarbonate resin having a structure selected from a group A and a structure selected from a group B, and the protective layer includes a cured material of a composition containing a compound having at least a functional group selected from chain-polymerizable functional groups and sequential polymerizable functional groups.

Abstract: An electrophotographic photosensitive member includes a support, a charge generating layer containing a charge generation material, and a charge transporting layer containing a charge transport material in this order, the charge transporting layer serving as a surface layer. The charge transporting layer contains a polycarbonate resin having a particular structural unit.

Abstract: An electrophotographic photosensitive member has a support, a charge generation layer, and a charge transport layer in this order, the charge transport layer containing a charge transport material. The charge transport layer is a surface layer of the electrophotographic photosensitive member and contains a polycarbonate resin having a structural unit selected from group A and a structural unit selected from group B.

Abstract: In a sealing apparatus, a lip tip portion of a seal lip of an elastic body part is defined by a sealing side surface and an atmospheric side surface, connected through a lip tip with each other. The lip tip portion includes a circumferential projection and a screw portion on the atmospheric side surface. The circumferential projection extends parallel to the lip tip. The screw portion includes a plurality of parallel screw projections and a plurality of bilge screw projections. The parallel screw projections are arranged at equal pitch intervals in parallel with each other between the lip tip and the circumferential projection. The bilge screw projections are arranged at equal pitch intervals in parallel with each other from the circumferential projection toward the atmospheric side. The bilge screw projections do not overlap the adjacent bilge screw projections in a direction of axis with each other.

Abstract: A process cartridge includes an electrophotographic photosensitive member and a gap retaining member, where the electrophotographic photosensitive member includes a first region having an undercoat layer, a charge generating layer, and a charge transporting layer on a support in this order and a second region having an undercoat layer and a charge transporting layer on a support in this order, the undercoat layer contains a metal oxide particle and any one of an urethane resin, an amino resin, and a polyamide resin as a binder resin, and the charge transporting layer contains a charge transporting substance and at least one selected from the group consisting of a polycarbonate resin and a polyester resin, and where the gap retaining member comes into contact with a surface of the second region of the electrophotographic photosensitive member.

Abstract: Provided is an electrophotographic apparatus, including an electrophotographic photosensitive member, a charging unit arranged in a non-abutment manner with respect to the electrophotographic photosensitive member, a cleaning unit or a developing unit arranged in abutment against the electrophotographic photosensitive member, and a transferring unit.

Abstract: An electrophotographic photosensitive member includes a hole transporting layer containing a polyester resin having a structural unit expressed by formula (1) as a hole transporting substance.