Abstract: A marine propulsion system includes a power source, a propeller, a shift mechanism, a control lever, a rotational speed sensor, and a control device. The shift mechanism is switchable among three shift positions including forward, neutral, and reverse. The control lever is operable by the marine vessel operator to switch the shift position of the shift mechanism. The rotational speed sensor detects the rotational speed of the propeller. The control device controls at least one of the power source and the shift mechanism so as to reduce the rotational speed of the propeller if the rotational speed sensor detects a rotational speed of the propeller when the control lever is in a position corresponding to the neutral shift position. As a result, the propeller is prevented from rotating when a control lever is in a neutral position.

Abstract: A marine propulsion system that achieves both an acceleration performance and top speed closer to the performance desired by a boat driver includes an engine, propellers rotated by the driving force of the engine, a transmission mechanism arranged to convey the driving force of the engine to the propellers at least after shifting into a low speed reduction gear ratio and into a high speed reduction gear ratio, an acceleration sensor arranged to detect the acceleration of a hull propelled by the rotation of the propellers, and a control section and an ECU arranged to carry out the control for changing the reduction gear ratio of the transmission mechanism. The control section and the ECU are configured to control the transmission mechanism to shift from the low speed reduction gear ratio into the high speed reduction gear ratio based on the acceleration of the hull.

Abstract: A boat propulsion system that easily and finely adjusts the rotational speed of a propeller includes an outboard motor including an engine, a propeller, a shift mechanism, and a control device. The control device controls engaging states of clutches so that the rotational speed of a second power transmission shaft is substantially the same as the rotational speed of a third power transmission shaft in a first mode in which the shift position is a forward or a reverse position. The control device controls the engaging states of the clutches so that the rotational speed of the third power transmission shaft is lower than the rotational speed of the second power transmission shaft in a second mode in which the shift position is the forward or the reverse position.

Abstract: An image forming apparatus, includes a liquid jet head; a container main body; an air opening mechanism configured to open and close an air opening path in the container main body. The air opening mechanism includes a holding part, and an opening member movably provided at the holding part. The opening member includes an air communicating path, a filter member, and an air room. An opening cross-sectional area of the air room in a direction perpendicular to an air flow-in direction is greater than an opening cross-sectional area of the air communicating path in a direction perpendicular to an air flow-in direction.

Abstract: An outboard motor includes a power source, a boat propulsion section, a shift position switching mechanism, a clutch actuator, and a control device. The shift position switching mechanism switches among a first shift position in which a first clutch is engaged and a second clutch is disengaged, a second shift position in which the first clutch is disengaged and the second clutch is engaged, and a neutral position in which both the first clutch and the second clutch are disengaged. When a gear shift is to be made from the first shift position to the second shift position, the control section causes the clutch actuator to gradually increase an engagement force of the second clutch. The outboard motor reduces the load to be applied to the power source and the power transmission mechanism at the time of a gear shift in a boat propulsion system including an electronically controlled shift mechanism.

Abstract: A boat propulsion system includes a shift mechanism arranged to change a shift position among forward, neutral, and reverse. A shift position detection mechanism is connected to a control lever with a wire. The shift position detection mechanism has a detected member and a position detection section. The detected member is displaced corresponding to an operation position of the control lever as the control lever is operated. The position detection section detects a position of the detected member. The position detection section outputs a shift position signal corresponding to the detected position of the detected member. A control device controls the shift position of the shift mechanism on the basis of the shift position signal. The boat propulsion system provided with the shift mechanism of an electronic control type can replace a boat propulsion system provided with a shift mechanism of a mechanical type at low cost.

Abstract: A marine propulsion system includes an outboard motor including an engine, a propeller, a shift position switching mechanism, an oil pump, valves, and an ECU. The shift position switching mechanism includes hydraulic clutches arranged to change the connection state between the engine and the propeller. The shift position switching mechanism is switchable among forward, reverse, and neutral. A first valve opens and closes the communication between the oil pump and a first hydraulic clutch. A second valve opens and closes the communication between the oil pump and a second hydraulic clutch. A third valve opens and closes the communication between the oil pump and each of third and fourth valves.

Abstract: A boat propulsion system includes a gear shift mechanism arranged to transmit a driving force generated by an engine to first and second propellers at one of at least a low speed reduction ratio and a high speed reduction ratio, and a control section arranged to perform control so as to shift a speed reduction ratio of the gear shift mechanism based on first and second gear shift control maps when an acceleration command from a user is detected. The first and second gear shift control maps define a region to shift the speed reduction ratio of the gear shift mechanism using two parameters, preferably a rotational speed of the engine and a lever opening degree of a lever of a control lever portion. The boat propulsion system achieves both the acceleration performance and the maximum speed desired by a user.

Abstract: A marine propulsion system includes an engine, propellers rotated by the engine, a transmission mechanism arranged to transmit a driving force of the engine to the propellers with a speed thereof shifted to at least a low speed reduction ratio or a high speed reduction ratio in forward travel and reverse travel, and a gear shift switch operable by a user to shift speed reduction ratios of the transmission mechanism to the low speed reduction ratio in at least the reverse travel. This arrangement provides a marine propulsion system in which both of acceleration performance and a maximum speed can approach levels that a user desires.

Abstract: Conventional gas-phase catalytic oxidation reaction apparatus comprising two reactors for production of acrylic acid is subject to problems of high equipment costs for the reactors and piping, necessity for wide installation area and easy accumulation of carbides generated by autoxidation of acrolein. On the other hand, conventional reaction apparatus comprising a single reactor has the drawbacks that the composition of gas in the first stage reaction and in the second stage reaction cannot be optimized independently of each other, and that the allowable concentration of starting propylene is limited because of the risk of explosion.

Abstract: A boat propulsion system includes a power source, a propulsion unit, a propeller rotational speed detection section, a shift mechanism, an actuator, a control lever, a shift position detection section, an accelerator opening detection section, and a control unit. When the control lever is operated such that a shift position is changed from a first shift position to a second shift position, while the absolute value of accelerator opening varying speed becomes equal to or larger than a predetermined value, the control unit enables the actuator to maintain the first shift position until the rotational speed of a propeller becomes equal to or lower than a predetermined rotational speed and then to change to the second shift position. This minimizes a load generated on the power source, the power transmission mechanism, and other components of the boat propulsion system.

Abstract: An ink-feeding device is provided in which the pressure applied to the ink in the printing head can be adjusted arbitrarily irrespective of the relative positions of the ink container and the printing head. Inside the sub-tank 80, a pressure-adjusting pump 82 is installed for applying a suitable pressure to many nozzles 22Kn of the printing head 22K. This pressure-adjusting pump 82 is placed a little above the bottom face of the sub-tank 80 at a prescribed distance from the bottom face. Thereby the pressure-adjusting pump 82 is immersed in the ink held in the sub-tank 80. A drive unit 83 for driving the pressure-adjusting pump 82 is placed above the sub-tank 80. On the upper wall of the sub-tank 80, an air-vent valve 84 is fixed to bring the inside pressure in the sub-tank 80 to an atmospheric pressure. The inside pressure in the sub-tank 80 is made equal to the atmospheric pressure by opening the air-vent valve 84.

Abstract: The present invention is a gaming machine including a display, which shows a plurality of cells indicating a plurality of symbols, and a controller, which selects a cell in a cell-selecting stage provided between a primary game and a secondary game on the display, controls the plurality of symbols in the secondary game and gives a predetermined function to the selected cell in the secondary game.

Abstract: A power transmission system for a marine propulsion unit includes a case arranged to be supported on a hull; a propeller supported at the lower end portion of the case for rotation about an axis extending in a fore-and-aft direction; a transmission housed in the case and having an axis with planetary gear trains extending vertically to receive an output from an engine, and change the speed of the output prior to transmission thereof; and an interlocking device arranged to receive the output from the transmission and transmit the output to the propeller. A speed reduction device is arranged such that it is interposed between the transmission and the interlocking device, receives the output from the transmission, and decelerates the output to transmit it to the interlocking device. This arrangement reduces the weight of a transmission unit in a power transmission system of a marine propulsion unit and decreases an external size of the transmission unit.

Abstract: A method for producing a high temperature-resistant article comprises an assembling step of foaming an assembly of a first substrate and a second substrate with an adhesive layer interposed therebetween and comprising paste of powder of at least one carbide of niobium carbide, hafnium carbide, tantalum carbide and tungsten carbide; and a bonding step of heating the assembly to bond the first substrate and the second substrate by sintering, thereby obtaining a high temperature-resistant article comprising the assembly after sintering.

Abstract: A marine vessel propulsion unit includes an engine, a drive shaft, a single propeller shaft, a single propeller, and a planetary gear mechanism. The drive shaft is arranged to extend vertically. The propeller shaft is arranged to extend in a direction intersecting the drive shaft. The rotation of the engine is transmitted to the propeller shaft via the drive shaft. The propeller is arranged to rotate together with the propeller shaft. The planetary gear mechanism is arranged at the front relative to the drive shaft and coaxial to a central rotation axis of the propeller shaft. The planetary gear mechanism is arranged to decelerate the rotation from the drive shaft and transmit the decelerated rotation toward the propeller shaft.

Abstract: A propulsion system for a boat includes propellers arranged to be rotated by an engine, a transmission mechanism arranged to transmit driving force of the engine to the propellers such that a speed of the driving force of the engine is changed at least with a gear reduction ratio for low speed and high speed, and a control unit arranged to output a signal to control a gear shift in the transmission mechanism on the basis of an amount of lever opening, which is based on operation of a control lever section, and speed of the engine, and the control unit being arranged to detect cavitation generated in conjunction with rotation of the propellers on the basis of a gear shift control map. The control unit is arranged to control output of a signal to the transmission mechanism for changing a reduction gear to that for high speed when cavitation is detected.

Abstract: A propulsion system for a boat includes propellers rotated by an engine, a transmission mechanism arranged to transmit a driving force of the engine to the propellers in a state that the driving force of the engine is changed to at least one of a gear reduction ratio for low speed and a gear reduction ratio for high speed, and a control unit arranged to output a signal to control a gear shift in the transmission mechanism on the basis of a throttle valve opening of the engine and a speed of the engine and arranged to detect cavitation generated in conjunction with rotation of the propellers on the basis of a gear shift control map. The control unit is arranged to control the output of a signal to the transmission mechanism to change the high speed reduction gear ratio when cavitation is detected. The propulsion system achieves both acceleration and maximum speed at performance levels desired by an operator of a boat.

Abstract: A marine vessel propulsion unit includes an engine, a drive shaft, a propeller shaft, a propeller, an intermediate shaft, and a first reduction gear mechanism. The drive shaft is arranged to be rotated by the engine. The rotation of the drive shaft is transmitted to the propeller shaft. The propeller is arranged to be rotated together with the propeller shaft. The intermediate shaft is arranged on a central rotation axis of the propeller shaft or an extension of the central rotation axis. The intermediate shaft is arranged to transmit rotation between the drive shaft and the propeller shaft. The first reduction gear mechanism is arranged on a central rotation axis of the propeller shaft or the extension of the central rotation axis. The first reduction gear mechanism is arranged to decelerate the rotation of the intermediate shaft so as to transmit the decelerated rotation to the propeller shaft during both forward propulsion and backward propulsion.

Abstract: A gaming apparatus and a method of operating the same are disclosed The gaming apparatus comprises a display configured to display a plurality of reel images and a processor operatively coupled to the display. The processor is operable to determine an arrangement of symbols for each of the reel images before starting each of games, by selecting symbols to be set on symbol stop positions of the reel image from discrete symbol candidates based on selection probabilities associated with the discrete symbol candidates respectively. The processor is also operable to control the display to display the reel images based on the determined arrangement of symbols in response to operation of a player.