Abstract: Disclosed are methods and systems for non-invasive neuromodulation using ultrasound for diagnosis to evaluate the feasibility of and preplan neuromodulation treatment using other modalities. The neuromodulation can produce acute or long-term effects. The latter occur through Long-Term Depression (LTD) and Long-Term Potentiation (LTP) via training Included is control of direction of the energy emission, intensity, frequency, pulse duration, pulse pattern, mechanical perturbation, and phase/intensity relationships to targeting and accomplishing up regulation and/or down regulation.

Abstract: Methods and systems for non-invasive neuromodulation of the spinal cord utilize a transducer to deliver pulsed ultrasound energy to up regulate or down regulate neural targets for the treatment of pain and other disease conditions. The systems provide control of direction of the energy emission, intensity, frequency, pulse duration, pulse pattern, mechanical perturbation, and phase/intensity relationships to achieve up regulation and/or down regulation. One embodiment focuses an elongate tubular ultrasound beam which can be aligned with a target region of the spinal cord.

Abstract: Described herein are methods, devices and systems for neuromodulation of deep brain targets using a combination of transcranial magnetic stimulation (TMS) and transcranial direct current (DC) stimulation to reduce or eliminate side-effects when modulating one or more deep brain targets. For example, transcranial magnetic stimulation of a deep brain target may be synchronized with modulation of more superficially located cortical brain regions using transcranial direct current stimulation to prevent seizures and other side effects. Systems configured to regulate (or synchronize) the application of transcranial magnetic stimulation of deep brain targets and transcranial direct current stimulation are also described.

Abstract: Disclosed are methods and systems for non-invasive neuromodulation using ultrasound to treat obesity and eating disorders. The neuromodulation can produce acute or long-term effects. The latter occur through Long-Term Depression (LTD) and Long-Term Potentiation (LTP) via training. Included is control of direction of the energy emission, intensity, frequency, pulse duration, pulse pattern, and phase/intensity relationships to targeting and accomplishing up regulation and/or down regulation.

Abstract: Disclosed are methods and systems for treatment planning for deep brain or superficial neuromodulation using ultrasound and other treatment modalities impacting one or multiple points in a neural circuit to produce acute effects or Long-Term Potentiation (LTP) or Long-Term Depression (LTD) to treat indications such as neurologic and psychiatric conditions. Ultrasound transducers or other energy sources are positioned and the anticipated effects on up-regulation and/or down-regulation of their direction of energy emission, intensity, frequency, firing/timing pattern, and phase/intensity relationships mapped onto the recommended treatment-planning targets. The maps of treatment-planning targets onto which the mapping occurs can be atlas (e.g., Tailarach Atlas) based or image (e.g., fMRI or PET) based. Atlas and imaged-based maps may be representative and applied directly or scaled for the patient or may be specific to the patient.

Abstract: Disclosed are methods and systems for non-invasive ultrasound neuromodulation of superficial cortex of the brain or stimulation of nerve roots or peripheral nerves. Such stimulation is used for such purposes as determination of motor threshold, demonstrating whether connectivity to peripheral nerves or motor neurons exists and performing nerve conduction-speed studies. Neuromodulation of the brain allows treatment of conditions such as depression via stimulating superficial neural structures that have connections to deeper involved centers. Imaging is optional.

Abstract: The treatment of specific neurological and psychiatric illnesses using Transcranial Magnetic Stimulation (TMS) requires that specific neuroanatomical structures are targeted using specific pulse parameters. Described herein are methods of positioning and powering TMS electromagnets to selectively stimulate a deep brain target region while minimizing the impact on non-target regions between the TMS electromagnet and the target. Use of these configurations may involve a combination of physical, spatial and/or temporal summation. Specific approaches to achieving temporal summation are detailed.

Abstract: Disclosed are methods and systems and methods for non-invasive neuromodulation using ultrasound for the Treatment of Autism Spectrum Disorders and Alzheimer's Disease and other dementias. The neuromodulation can produce acute or long-term effects. The latter occur through Long-Term Depression (LTD) and Long-Term Potentiation (LTP) via training. Included is control of direction of the energy emission, intensity, frequency, pulse duration, firing pattern, and phase/intensity relationships to targeting and accomplishing up regulation and/or down regulation.

Abstract: Disclosed are methods and systems and methods for non-invasive neuromodulation using ultrasound to treat depression, bipolar disorder, and other mood disorders. Also disclosed are methods and systems and methods for non-invasive neuromodulation using ultrasound to affect the mood or emotional state of a subject or user. The neuromodulation can produce acute or long-term effects. The latter occur through Long-Term Potentiation (LTP) or Long-Term Depression (LTD) via training. Included is control of direction of the energy emission, intensity, frequency, pulse duration, and phase/intensity relationships to targeting and accomplishing up regulation and/or down regulation.

Abstract: Disclosed are methods and systems and methods for non-invasive neuromodulation using ultrasound to treat movement disorders (e.g., tremor disorders such as Parkinson's Disease and essential tremor, Tourette's Syndrome, and epilepsy). Also included are the Tourette's vocalizations. The neuromodulation can produce acute or long-term effects. The latter occur through Long-Term Depression (LTD) and Long-Term Potentiation (LTP) via training Included is control of direction of the energy emission, intensity, frequency, pulse duration, firing pattern, and phase/intensity relationships to targeting and accomplishing up regulation and/or down regulation.

Abstract: Disclosed are methods and systems and methods for non-invasive neuromodulation using ultrasound to treat addiction. The neuromodulation can produce acute or long-term effects. The latter occur through Long-Term Depression (LTD) and Long-Term Potentiation (LTP) via training. Included is control of direction of the energy emission, intensity, frequency, pulse duration, and phase/intensity relationships to targeting and accomplishing up regulation and/or down regulation.

Abstract: The treatment of specific neurological and psychiatric illnesses using Transcranial Magnetic Stimulation (TMS) requires that specific neuroanatomical structures are targeted using specific pulse parameters. Described herein are methods of positioning and powering TMS electromagnets to selectively stimulate a deep brain target region while minimizing the impact on non-target regions between the TMS electromagnet and the target. Use of these configurations may involve a combination of physical, spatial and/or temporal summation. Specific approaches to achieving temporal summation are detailed.

Abstract: Disclosed are methods and systems and methods for non-invasive neuromodulation using ultrasound to treat tinnitus. The neuromodulation can produce acute or long-term effects. The latter occur through Long-Term Depression (LTD) via training Included is control of direction of the energy emission, intensity, frequency, pulse duration, and phase/intensity relationships to targeting and accomplishing up regulation and/or down regulation.

Abstract: Methods and systems for modeling and displaying magnetic field intensities during Transcranial Magnetic Stimulation (TMS) are described, particularly methods and system for modeling and displaying TMS using overlapping magnetic fields to stimulate deep brain regions.

Abstract: Disclosed are methods and systems and methods for non-invasive neuromodulation using ultrasound to treat acute or chronic pain. The neuromodulation can produce acute effects or Long-Term Potentiation (LTP) or Long-Term Depression (LTD). Included is control of direction of the energy emission, intensity, frequency, pulse duration, and phase/intensity relationships to targeting and accomplishing up regulation and/or down regulation.

Abstract: Disclosed are methods and systems and methods for neuromodulation of the Motor Cortex and other areas of the brain impacted by stroke. The neuromodulation can produce acute effects or result in Long-Term Potentiation (LTP) or Long-Term Depression (LTD). Included is control of direction of the energy emission, intensity, pulse duration, frequency, firing pattern, and phase/intensity relationships to targeting and accomplishing up-regulation and/or down-regulation. The invention can be applied for mitigating the effects of stroke and/or in stroke rehabilitation.

Abstract: Disclosed are methods and devices for ultrasound-mediated non-invasive deep brain neuromodulation impacting one or a plurality of points in a neural circuit using patterned inputs. These are applicable whether the ultrasound beams intersect at the targets or not. Depending on the application, this can produce short-term effects (as in the treatment of post-surgical pain) or long-term effects in terms of Long-Term Potentiation (LTP) or Long-Term Depression (LTD) to treat indications such as neurologic and psychiatric conditions. The ultrasound transducers are used with control of frequency, firing pattern, and intensity to produce up-regulation or down-regulation.

Abstract: Disclosed are methods and devices for ultrasound-mediated non-invasive deep brain neuromodulation impacting one or a plurality of points in a neural circuit using intersecting ultrasound beams. Depending on the application, this can produce short-term effects (as in the treatment of post-surgical pain) or long-term effects in terms of Long-Term Potentiation (LTP) or Long-Term Depression (LTD) to treat indications such as neurologic and psychiatric conditions. Multiple beams intersect and summate at one or a plurality of targets. The ultrasound transducers are used with control of direction of the energy emission, intensity, frequency (carrier frequency and/or neuromodulation frequency), pulse duration, pulse pattern, and phase/intensity relationships to targeting and accomplishing up-regulation and/or down-regulation.

Abstract: A device is described for measuring electrical characteristics of biological tissues with one or a plurality of electrodes and a processor controlling the stimulation and measurement in order to detect the presence of abnormal tissue masses in the breast and determine probability of tumors containing malignant cancer cells being present in a breast. The device has the capability of providing the location of the abnormality, at least to the quadrant. Either single or multiple source electrodes can be used. Either palpable lumps can be evaluated or screening or breasts, whether with palpable masses or not, can be accomplished. The method for measuring electrical characteristics includes placing electrodes and applying a voltage waveform in conjunction with a current detector. A mathematical analysis method is then applied to the collected data, which computes spectrum of frequencies and correlates magnitudes and phases with given algebraic conditions to determine mass presence and type.

Abstract: Disclosed are devices for producing shaped or steered ultrasound for non-invasive deep brain or superficial neuromodulation impacting one or a plurality of points in a neural circuit. Depending on the application this can produce short-term effects (as in the treatment of post-surgical pain) or long-term effects in terms of Long-Term Potentiation (LTP) or Long-Term Depression (LTD) to treat indications such as neurologic and psychiatric conditions. The ultrasound transducers are used with control of direction of the energy emission, control of intensity, control of frequency for up-regulation or down-regulation, and control of phase/intensity relationships for focusing on neural targets.