Abstract: A display film includes a transparent polymeric substrate layer having a 0.2% offset yield stress greater than 110 MPa and a transparent aliphatic cross-linked polyurethane layer having a thickness of 100 micrometers or less disposed on the transparent polymeric substrate layer. The transparent aliphatic cross-linked polyurethane layer has a glass transition temperature in a range from 11 to 27 degrees Celsius and a Tan Delta peak value in a range from 0.5 to 2.5. The display film has a haze value of 2% or less.

Abstract: A display film includes a transparent polymeric substrate layer and a transparent aliphatic cross-linked polyurethane layer disposed on the transparent polymeric substrate layer. The transparent aliphatic cross-linked polyurethane layer has a glass transition temperature in a range from 11 to 27 degrees Celsius and a Tan Delta peak value in a range from 0.5 to 2.5. The display film has a haze value of 1% or less.

Abstract: The subject matter herein includes methods, systems, and computer readable media for implementing load balancer traffic policies. An exemplary method may be performed at a session load balancer (SLB) and may include receiving, at the SLB, one or more policy attributes associated with each session controller (SC) in a cluster of SCs. The method may further include configuring, at the SLB, a load balancer traffic policy based on the one or more policy attributes received from each SC in the cluster of SCs, where the load balancer traffic policy includes a distribution rate associated with each SC in the cluster of SCs. The method may further include receiving, at the SLB, a registration request for establishing a session with a SC, determining a destination SC using the load balancer traffic policy, and forwarding the registration request to the destination SC.

Abstract: Extended area lighting devices, which are useful e.g. as luminaires, include a light guide and diffractive surface features on a major surface of the light guide. The diffractive surface features are tailored to extract guided-mode light from the light guide. The light guides can be combined with other components and features such as light source(s) to inject guided-mode light into the light guide, light source(s) to project light through the light guide as non-guided-mode light, a framework of interconnected support members (attached to multiple such light guides), and/or a patterned low index subsurface layer that selectively blocks some guided mode light from reaching the diffractive surface features, to provide unique and useful lighting devices. Related optical devices, and optical films having diffractive features that can be used to construct such devices and light guides, are also disclosed.

Abstract: Lighting systems and devices include a light-transmissive tube and a light source assembly. The light-transmissive tube defines a cavity that extends along a longitudinal axis, at least a portion of the tube having an inner structured surface facing the cavity, and an outer structured surface facing away from the cavity. The light source assembly is disposed to inject light into the cavity, and includes one or more discrete light sources such as LED sources. The inner and outer structured surfaces of the tube are configured to direct a first portion of the injected light out of the tube through the outer structured surface and to direct a second portion of the injected light back into the cavity, such that a virtual filament, or pattern of virtual filaments, appears in the tube.

Abstract: This application describes a back-lit transmissive display including a transmissive display and a variable index light extraction layer optically coupled to a lightguide. The variable index light extraction layer has first regions of nanovoided polymeric material and second regions of the nanovoided polymeric material and an additional material. The first and second regions are disposed such that for light being transported at a supercritical angle in the lightguide, the variable index light extraction layer selectively extracts the light in a predetermined way based on the geometric arrangement of the first and second regions. The transmissive display may be a transmissive display panel or a polymeric film such as a graphic.

Abstract: This application describes a back-lit transmissive display including a transmissive display (620) and a variable index light extraction layer (640) optically coupled to a lightguide (630). The variable index light extraction layer has first regions (140) of nanovoided polymeric material and second regions (130) of the nanovoided polymeric material and an additional material. The first and second regions are disposed such that for light being transported at a supercritical angle in the lightguide, the variable index light extraction layer selectively extracts the light in a predetermined way based on the geometric arrangement of the first and second regions. The transmissive display may be a transmissive display panel or a polymeric film such as a graphic.

Abstract: A display panel assembly is made by optically bonding a display panel and a substantially transparent substrate. Optical bonding is carried out by forming an optical bonding layer having regions of different physical properties.

Abstract: A light directing film includes a back major surface having light reflection regions and light transmission regions and being planar, and a front major surface opposing the back surface. The front surface is planar and a plurality of lenses is disposed between the front surface and the back surface. At least selected light transmission regions are registered with selected lens elements. A method for forming the light directing film and illuminated signs utilizing the light directing films are also described.

Abstract: An optical construction includes a quantum dot film element including a plurality of quantum dots, a first optical recycling element, and a first low refractive index element separating the quantum dot film element from the first optical recycling element. The first low refractive index element has a refractive index of 1.3 or less.

Abstract: This application describes a front-lit reflective display assembly including a reflective display and an illumination article for front-lighting the display when the article is optically coupled to a light source. The illumination article includes a variable index light extraction layer optically coupled to a lightguide. The variable index light extraction layer has first and second regions, the first region comprising nanovoided polymeric material, the second region comprising the nanovoided polymeric material and an additional material, the first and second regions being disposed such that for light being transported at a supercritical angle in the lightguide, the variable index light extraction layer selectively extracts the light in a predetermined way based on the geometric arrangement of the first and second regions. Front-lit reflective display devices including the front-lit reflective display assembly optically coupled to a light source are also described.

Abstract: Variable index light extraction layers that contain a first region with a first material and a second region including a second material are described, where the first region has a lower effective index of refraction than the second region. Optical films and stacks may use the variable index light extraction layers in front lit or back lit display devices and luminaires.

Abstract: Lighting systems include a light-transmissive tube and a light source assembly disposed to inject light into a cavity defined by the tube. The cavity extends along a longitudinal axis. At least a portion of the tube includes an inner structured surface facing the cavity, and an outer structured surface facing away from the cavity. The inner structured surface is configured to direct a first portion of the injected light towards the outer structured surface, and a second portion of the injected light back into the cavity. The inner structured surface includes elongated first features and the outer structured surface includes elongated second features. At least one of the elongated first features and the elongated second features are oriented obliquely relative to the longitudinal axis such that they form respective helixes along the tube.

Abstract: Extended area lighting devices, which are useful e.g. as luminaires, include a light guide and diffractive surface features on a major surface of the light guide. The diffractive surface features are tailored to extract guided-mode light from the light guide. The light guides can be combined with other components and features such as light source(s) to inject guided-mode light into the light guide, light source(s) to project light through the light guide as non-guided-mode light, a framework of interconnected support members (attached to multiple such light guides), and/or a patterned low index subsurface layer that selectively blocks some guided mode light from reaching the diffractive surface features, to provide unique and useful lighting devices. Related optical devices, and optical films having diffractive features that can be used to construct such devices and light guides, are also disclosed.

Abstract: A lightguide functioning as a luminaire. The luminaire includes at least one solid state light source, such as an LED, and a lightguide configured to receive light from the solid state light source. Light from the light source is coupled into the lightguide and transported within it by total internal reflection until the light exits the lightguide. A shape of the lightguide causes and directs extraction of the light, and can also be used to create a particular pattern of the extracted light. Such shapes include linear wedges and twisted wedges. Optical films can be included on the light input and output surfaces of the lightguide.

Abstract: Lightguides are disclosed. More particularly, lightguides that include a lightguiding layer and a light extracting layer having a structured surface are disclosed. The light guiding layer is optically coupled to a first set of structures of the structured surface at given locations, and is not optically coupled to a second set of structures at given locations, thereby producing total internal reflection at the second locations. The selective optical coupling may be achieved by a number of different contemplated means as discussed herein. The lightguides allow for distribution of light along with redirection towards an image viewer without a number of commonly required optical elements in backlights.

Abstract: This application describes a back-lit transmissive display including a transmissive display (620) and a variable index light extraction layer (640) optically coupled to a lightguide (630). The variable index light extraction layer has first regions (140) of nanovoided polymeric material and second regions (130) of the nanovoided polymeric material and an additional material. The first and second regions are disposed such that for light being transported at a supercritical angle in the lightguide, the variable index light extraction layer selectively extracts the light in a predetermined way based on the geometric arrangement of the first and second regions. The transmissive display may be a transmissive display panel or a polymeric film such as a graphic.

Abstract: Embodiments of the present invention generally provide an inductively coupled plasma (ICP) reactor having a substrate RF bias that is capable of control of the RF phase difference between the ICP source (a first RF source) and the substrate bias (a second RF source) for plasma processing reactors used in the semiconductor industry. Control of the RF phase difference provides a powerful knob for fine process tuning. For example, control of the RF phase difference may be used to control one or more of average etch rate, etch rate uniformity, etch rate skew, critical dimension (CD) uniformity, and CD skew, CD range, self DC bias control, and chamber matching.

Abstract: An illumination assembly that includes a light guide and a plurality of light sources operable to direct light into the light guide is disclosed. The light sources have a center-to-center spacing of at least 15 mm, and a distance between a primary emitting surface of at least one light source of the plurality of light sources and the input surface is no greater than 1 mm. The assembly further includes a structured surface layer positioned between the plurality of light sources and the input surface. The structured surface layer includes a substrate and a plurality of structures on a first surface of the substrate facing the plurality of light sources. The assembly further includes a plurality of extraction features operable to direct light from the light guide through an output surface of the light guide.

Abstract: An illumination assembly that includes a light guide and a plurality of light sources positioned to direct light into the light guide through an input surface of the light guide is disclosed. The assembly further includes a structured surface layer positioned between the plurality of light sources and the input surface of the light guide. The structured surface layer includes a substrate and a plurality of structures on a first surface of the substrate facing the plurality of light sources. The plurality of structures includes a refractive index n1 that is different from a refractive index n2 of the light guide.